某SUV车型转向分析报告.doc

编号 基于ADMAS的K1前悬架运动学及动力学分析报告 编制：刘斌 审核批准长 城 汽 车 股 份 有 限 公 司 GREAT WALL AUTOMOBILE HOLDING COMPANY LIMITED一、 概述：K1车出现行驶过程中方向机卡滞的问题，考虑到前悬架结构可能引起转向机卡滞，现利用多系统动力学分析软件ADMAS/Car，根据前悬架各参数进行建模，利用软件自带的试验台对悬架进行仿真，获得各种参数曲线。根据专家在操纵稳定性方面的经验，对参数进行分析，以对前悬架性能作出评价，并对方向机卡滞是否因前悬架参数选择不当引起的作出判断。二、 建模所需数据：1、K1前悬架及转向系零部件位置参数坐标位置点x/左y/左z/左上摆臂前安装点-36.385-405.26384.140上摆臂后安装点148.346-395.67981.417上球销中心11.000-623.49266.695下摆臂前安装点-231.554-299.009-175.736下摆臂后安装点177.649-299.021-168.734下球销中心-5.180-683.205-201.502转向节臂中心点-144.461-693.357-133.116转向拉杆中心点-134.190-357.601-101.772减震器上安装点-117.764-443.231153.810减震器下安装点-67.882-542.800-169.461稳定杆车架固定中心-374.928-387.406-56.360稳定杆上立杆轴中心-72.865-613.042-67.953稳定杆下立杆轴中心-97.926-597.545-215.153轮胎接地点中心0.000-757.500-479.600轮胎中心0.000-757.500-113.600转向机齿条外壳左右端点-132.909-286.004-60.13转向轴与转向机齿条-132.909-181.003-60.13转向中间轴与锥齿轮连接点-279.307-353.478161.238转向管柱与转向中间轴连接点82.706-363.978281.028转向系传动轴胶块位置-329.908-257.0224.068转向系角传动副连接点-295.186-244.0220.374锥齿轮连接点-453.674-303.062107.971方向盘中心点921.091-370.236644.992注：表中坐标值是相对于整车座标系2、K1前悬架及转向系零部件质量参数及质心位置名称质量(kg)转动惯量(kg.m2)质心位置IoxIoyIozIxyIxzIyzX(mm)Y(mm)Z(mm)下摆臂9.9980.1550.1850.326-0.001-0.002-0.014-0.477-481.246-160.964上摆臂2.6540.0170.0150.029-0.05-3.819e-004-0.00342.765-537.657109.13转向节5.1830.0330.0370.0147.096e-005-0.001-0.004-9.713-716.066-68.82前横向稳定杆6.7511.0040.11.076-2.597e-005-0.0211.815e-005-302.9690.0029.678横向稳定杆连接杆0.2520.0010.0018.335e-0058.298e-006-2.187e-0047.457e-005-82.308-606.349-96.887扭杆弹簧5.885kg6.218e-0040.680.68k000797.974299-127.21方向盘1.0970.0150.0150.0130.0020.0010.001909.971304.263629.221转向管柱6.950.0490.2760.235-0.001-0.097-5.281e-004594.886367.354500.497转向中间轴1.5180.0020.0110.012.957e-004-0.003-9.298e-005-152.385358.45201.464角传动副2.0640.0040.0050.0050.001-0.0010.001-389.575-313.097113.321轮毂7.6960.060.1070.06-6.092e-5-3.56e-6-4.429e-52700.675-748.987-120.749挠性转向节0.8436.254e-40.0019.882e-41.621e-43.011e-4-9.893e-5-320.548253.18618.538注：表中坐标值是相对于整车坐标系3、部分胶套特性参数：上摆臂轴套径向静刚度轴向静刚度扭转曲线位移(mm)载荷(N)位移(mm)载荷(N)转角(Deg)扭矩(N*mm)-2-13057.2-3.2305-8000046.9208-1.9325-12515.1-3.11958-7012.050.751634258.065-1.87922-11927.7-2.95321-5831.331.56863457.478-1.83659-11475.9-2.84229-5180.722.38562645.161-1.79396-11069.3-2.74523-4650.63.0719797.654-1.74067-10527.1-2.67591-4313.253.72549938.416-1.68384-10030.1-2.56499-3831.334.379081079.18-1.63055-9578.31-2.45407-3397.595.032681208.21-1.57371-9216.87-2.39861-3204.825.718951337.24-1.52043-8855.42-2.34315-3012.056.405231466.28-1.45648-8403.61-2.28769-2819.287.124181607.04-1.39964-7996.99-2.23224-2626.517.810461736.07-1.34281-7635.54-2.12132-2289.168.496731853.37-1.28242-7228.92-1.99653-1951.819.183011982.4-1.20426-6777.11-1.83709-1566.279.607842064.52-1.11545-6280.12-1.72617-1349.410.39222193.55-1.06927-6009.04-1.64298-1204.8210.98042299.12-1.00178-5647.59-1.55286-1084.3411.60132404.69-0.930728-5331.33-1.46274-987.95212.18952498.53-0.852575-4924.7-1.34489-891.56612.74512592.38-0.749556-4427.71-1.2409-819.27713.39872721.41-0.68206-4111.45-1.12305-746.98813.98692803.52-0.618117-3795.18-1.01213-674.69914.60782932.55-0.554174-3478.92-0.901213-602.4115.22883038.12-0.500888-3207.83-0.790295-554.21715.94773167.16-0.433393-2846.39-0.686308-481.92816.79743319.65-0.362345-2484.94-0.568458-409.63917.58173472.14-0.301954-2123.49-0.457539-337.34918.39873624.63-0.234458-1716.87-0.34662-265.0618.85623706.74-0.159858-1219.88-0.235702-192.77119.37913800.59-0.071048-587.349-0.0693241-72.289219.96733906.16下摆臂前轴套径向静刚度轴向静刚度扭转曲线位移(mm)载荷(N)位移(mm)载荷(N)转角(Deg)扭矩(N*mm)-1.36796-19653.2-5.54545-11183.9017.8042-1.3125-18554.9-5.40404-9655.170.822368302.671-1.28081-18034.7-5.22222-8045.981.57895534.125-1.24912-17514.5-5.0101-6718.392.30263747.774-1.21479-16878.6-4.81818-5752.872.96053925.816-1.1831-16358.4-4.71717-5270.113.519741068.25-1.15669-15838.2-4.49495-4545.984.243421264.09-1.13028-15433.5-4.32323-4103.454.967111442.14-1.09595-14913.3-4.17172-3862.075.6251602.37-1.06954-14450.9-4.0101-3620.696.381581780.42-1.04313-14046.2-3.74747-3339.087.072371940.65-0.995599-13294.8-3.50505-3137.937.828952118.69-0.948063-12543.4-3.32323-2977.018.618422314.54-0.897887-11791.9-3.15152-2816.099.243422439.17-0.84243-10982.7-3-2695.410.03292617.21-0.797535-10346.8-2.84848-2574.7110.69082759.64-0.757923-9826.59-2.61616-2373.5611.38162919.88-0.707746-9132.95-2.45455-2252.8712.00663062.31-0.665493-8554.91-2.25253-2091.9512.59873204.75-0.620599-7976.88-1.9899-1850.5713.32243364.99-0.575704-7456.65-1.79798-1689.6613.91453507.42-0.533451-6936.42-1.65657-1568.9714.53953667.66-0.493838-6473.99-1.50505-1448.2815.19743827.89-0.43838-5780.35-1.31313-1287.3615.69083952.52-0.393486-5202.31-1.16162-1166.6716.21714077.15-0.340669-4624.28-0.929293-965.51716.80924237.39-0.301056-4161.85-0.747475-804.59817.46714415.43-0.248239-3468.21-0.555556-603.44818.1254575.67-0.198063-2832.37-0.40404-442.52918.68424718.1-0.129401-1907.51-0.252525-281.60919.30924878.34-0.0792254-1156.07-0.06060610205038.58下摆臂后轴套径向静刚度轴向静刚度扭转曲线位移(mm)载荷(N)位移(mm)载荷(N)转角(Deg)扭矩(N*m)-1.83043-18323.7-6.81122-4953.4900.41791-1.77826-17803.5-6.68878-4883.720.7438023.55224-1.72609-17225.4-6.56633-4779.071.404966.26866-1.65652-16589.6-6.44388-4709.31.983478.56716-1.55217-15549.1-6.19898-4552.332.7272711.2836-1.48261-14855.5-5.95408-4395.353.3884313.791-1.41304-14219.7-5.64796-4203.494.0495916.0896-1.32609-13352.6-5.40306-4046.514.8760318.806-1.25652-12659-5.09694-3837.215.7024821.7313-1.18696-12080.9-4.85204-3697.676.4462824.0299-1.11739-11387.3-4.66837-3575.587.1074426.1194-1.04783-10751.4-4.48469-3453.497.7272728.209-0.96087-10000-4.2398-3279.078.512430.5075-0.9-9421.97-3.9949-3139.539.256232.806-0.821739-8728.32-3.68878-2930.239.8347134.4776-0.769565-8208.09-3.44388-2773.2610.578536.5672-0.7-7572.25-3.13776-2563.9511.28138.6567-0.647826-7109.83-2.95408-2424.4211.983540.7463-0.613043-6763.01-2.70918-225012.727342.8358-0.56087-6242.77-2.52551-2110.4713.223144.0896-0.508696-5722.54-2.38776-2005.8114.049646.597-0.473913-5375.72-2.23469-1901.1614.958749.1045-0.404348-4624.28-1.9898-1709.315.619850.9851-0.352174-4046.24-1.72959-150016.487653.2836-0.282609-3294.8-1.43878-1273.2617.231455.3731-0.213043-2543.35-1.17857-1063.9518.057957.6716-0.143478-1734.1-0.979592-906.97718.59559.1343-0.0913043-1156.07-0.734694-697.67419.297561.0149-0.0130435-404.624-0.489796-470.9319.958762.6866-0.290816-296.512-0.0765306-87.2093前横向稳定杆座胶套径向静刚度位移(mm)位移(mm)位移(mm)位移(mm)位移(mm)位移(mm)0.1605840.1605841.883211.883213.02193.02190.496350.496352.131392.131393.138693.138690.7445260.7445262.379562.379563.255473.255470.9489050.9489052.496352.496353.357663.357661.167881.167882.642342.642343.459853.459851.459851.459852.744532.744533.547453.547451.664231.664232.861312.861313.664233.66423前减振器上衬套径向静刚度轴向静刚度扭转曲线位移(mm)载荷(N)位移(mm)载荷(N)转角(Deg)扭矩(N*mm)-3.32016-1163.91-0.96032-4825.44040.3023-3.2253-1124.81-0.92857-4650.870.651341108.816-3.09881-1073.68-0.89683-4463.841.11111153.149-2.99605-1031.58-0.85714-4239.41.68582201.511-2.87747-986.466-0.84127-4152.122.18391245.844-2.78261-956.391-0.80952-3965.092.75862294.207-2.74308-941.353-0.77778-3778.053.14176326.448-2.60079-890.226-0.73016-3528.683.75479366.751-2.43478-836.09-0.69048-3329.184.09962390.932-2.27668-784.962-0.65079-3129.684.52107419.144-2.08696-727.82-0.62698-3017.464.94253447.355-1.94466-685.714-0.57937-2743.145.28736471.537-1.79447-640.602-0.53968-2593.526.09195523.929-1.65217-598.496-0.50794-2443.896.4751548.111-1.48617-547.368-0.46032-2219.457.08812588.413-1.36759-511.278-0.42857-2082.297.62452620.655-1.24111-469.173-0.39683-1945.148.08429648.866-1.11462-430.075-0.36508-1820.458.62069685.139-1.00395-396.992-0.3254-1658.359.1954717.38-0.86957-354.887-0.29365-1533.679.84674757.683-0.75889-315.789-0.26389-1408.9810.4598793.955-0.64032-276.692-0.23016-1259.3511.4559854.408-0.50593-228.571-0.19841-1109.7312.0307894.71-0.42688-198.496-0.16667-947.63112.8736951.134-0.3004-150.376-0.13492-810.47413.71651007.56-0.22134-117.293-0.10318-648.37914.36781047.86-0.1581-87.218-0.08135-536.1614.90421084.13前减振器下衬套径向静刚度轴向静刚度扭转曲线位移(mm)载荷(N)位移(mm)载荷(N)转角(Deg)扭矩(N*mm)-0.960317-4825.44-3.32016-1163.91040.3023-0.928571-4650.87-3.2253-1124.810.651341108.816-0.896825-4463.84-3.09881-1073.681.11111153.149-0.857143-4239.4-2.99605-1031.581.68582201.511-0.84127-4152.12-2.87747-986.4662.18391245.844-0.809524-3965.09-2.78261-956.3912.75862294.207-0.777778-3778.05-2.74308-941.3533.14176326.448-0.730159-3528.68-2.60079-890.2263.75479366.751-0.690476-3329.18-2.43478-836.094.09962390.932-0.650794-3129.68-2.27668-784.9624.52107419.144-0.626984-3017.46-2.08696-727.824.94253447.355-0.579365-2743.14-1.94466-685.7145.28736471.537-0.539683-2593.52-1.79447-640.6026.09195523.929-0.507937-2443.89-1.65217-598.4966.4751548.111-0.460317-2219.45-1.48617-547.3687.08812588.413-0.428571-2082.29-1.36759-511.2787.62452620.655-0.396825-1945.14-1.24111-469.1738.08429648.866-0.365079-1820.45-1.11462-430.0758.62069685.139-0.325397-1658.35-1.00395-396.9929.1954717.38-0.293651-1533.67-0.869565-354.8879.84674757.683-0.263889-1408.98-0.758893-315.78910.4598793.955-0.230159-1259.35-0.640316-276.69211.4559854.408-0.198413-1109.73-0.505929-228.57112.0307894.71-0.166667-947.631-0.426877-198.49612.8736951.134-0.134921-810.474-0.300395-150.37613.71651007.56-0.103175-648.379-0.221344-117.29314.36781047.86-0.0813492-536.16-0.158103-87.21814.90421084.134、减震器特性参数前减震器压缩行程阻尼力速度m/s-0.9-0.6-0.3-0.1-0.05压缩阻力(N) -1406-1102-727-422-343前减震器复原行程阻尼力速度m/s0.050.10.30.60.9复原阻力(N) 3807171854380442005、前悬架其他参数 扭杆弹簧直径：30mm 稳定杆直径：20mm 轮胎负荷静半径：334mm 轮胎垂直刚度304.42N/mm 前轴重：880Kg 前束：0 外倾：0三、建模情况说明1、扭杆及稳定杆采用非线性杆代替2、由于前悬架采用扭杆弹簧为弹性元件，所以簧载质量用轴重代替。3、根据零部件特性参数制作特性文件输入模型中。四、仿真试验内容及目的1、轮胎上下跳动各40mm试验 使用软件自带的试验台进行轮胎上下跳动试验，使轮胎上下各跳动40mm，获得前悬架各参数变化曲线，通过曲线对悬架进行分析评价。通过轮胎上跳160mm下跳100mm（此距离已远远大于前悬架动挠度）试验，观察悬架参数变化曲线是否光顺，以判断悬架在运动过程中是否有运动死点。2、左右轮转动试验 使用软件自带的试验台进行左右轮转动试验，获得内外轮转角曲线，评价转向梯形的合理性。五、试验结果及分析1、轮胎上下跳动40mm试验：图1 外倾角变化曲线结论：由于汽车曲线行驶时，车身的侧倾使得车身外侧车轮相对地面向正的外倾角方向变化，从而降低了承载较高的外侧车轮的侧偏性能，所以常常将悬架设计成车轮上跳时外倾角朝负值方向变化，而在下落时朝正值方向变化。对车身的外倾变化为在40mm范围内不超过1可确保后一种变化量不超过前一种变化量，仍能使汽车保持一定的不足转向特性。K1前悬架外倾角变化比较理想。图2 前束变化曲线 结论：前束的作用目前还无定论，一般认为采用前束的最大依据是弥补外倾角的不利作用，根据美国福特公司的设计观点认为，前束的真正作用是补偿和防止车轮后束。后束会导致行驶不稳定，如果汽车带有后束，行驶时由于路面不规整或侧向力，某一个前轮可能瞬时处于前进方向，则另一车轮处于后束，汽车处于转向状态，同时由于处于前进方向的车轮行驶阻力减少，而产生后束的车轮产生附加行驶阻力，促使汽车加剧转向而失去稳定行驶能力；相反，对于带有前束的汽车，当某一个车轮由于路面情况或侧向力作用下瞬时处于直线行驶状态时，另一侧车轮将增加前束角，汽车处于转向状态，但由于轮胎将增加前束而产生的附加阻力促使车轮回正，从而保持直线行驶的稳定性。因此，对于直线行驶来说，前束的作用是必要的。认清这一点对于确定前束的变化趋势和变化量是具有重要意义。对于独立悬架，随着车轮的上下跳动，前束值将发生变化，而变化趋势直接影响汽车的操纵稳定性。以往的设计指导思想主张前束的变化要尽可能小，即所谓转向系与悬架系运动协调。这样确定的变化趋势和变化率，尽管保持了前束的变化最小，但不实用，因为这种变化趋势无助于提高不足转向，有时甚至加剧过渡转向的趋势，尤其当转向杆系球头磨损松旷后产生后束，不利于直线行驶稳定性。转向节臂球头中心与转向连接杆球头中心相对高度是影响前束特征的最重要的因素。通过这样的布置，使前束特征曲线发生了明显的变化，转弯行驶时，能满足增加不足转向特征的要求。前束变化的较理想设计特性值为：前轮上跳时，为零至负前束。K1前悬架前束变化比较理想。图3 后倾角变化曲线 结论：主销后倾角是为使汽车行驶稳定而布置的，其稳定效应是发生在前轮转向时，凭借路面对轮胎的侧向反力来实现的。同时为保证制动时后倾角不过小，希望随车轮上跳而增加。现代汽车为了提高舒适性，往往把悬架刚度设计得很低，当汽车紧急制动时，车身的“点头”现象将变得十分严重，为了克服“点头”对整车舒适性的影响，将上下控制臂轴在汽车纵向平面内布置成倾斜方式，以增加抑制“点头”作用，同时，这样布置还可使车轮上跳时后倾角增大，从而减小由于制动点头造成前轮对地后倾角的影响，提高制动稳定性。K1前悬架后倾角变化比较理想。图4 半轮距变化曲线 结论：以往，人们只对轮距的变化提出要求，例如半轮距变化量在车轮跳动40mm时不大于4-8mm，而对轮距的变化趋势没有引起重视。轮距的变化趋势对转弯时汽车稳定性起着重要的作用。转弯时由于离心力的作用，离心力方向的一侧悬架将压缩，相当于车轮相对车身上跳，如果此时轮距减小，造成重心偏移，又加剧了离心力一侧悬架的压缩，使车轮相对