非谓语动词ing.doc

非谓语动词动词- ing Forms新课程标准把传统语法中的“动名词”和“现在分词”统称为动词- ing 形式。在句中可以做谓语之外的所有句子成分，包括主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。1. 动词- ing 形式的构成2. 动词- ing 形式短语3. 动词- ing 形式的句法功能4. 动词- ing 形式的时态、语态及否定式5动词- ing 形式的逻辑主语1. 动词- ing 形式的构成由动词加-ing构成。2. 动词- ing 形式短语是非谓语动词的一种形式，但它仍保留动词的一些特征，可以带自己的宾语和状语，如果不定式来自连系动词，它也可以跟表语He sat there, reading a newspaper.She stood leaning against a tree.Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.3. 动词- ing 形式的句法功能A动词- ing 形式做主语直接做主语Playing with fire is dangerous.Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.用it 做形式主语为了保持句子的平衡，避免头重脚轻，在下面一些结构中，常用it做形式主语，而把真正的主语动词- ing 形式后置。a. It is 后接no use/no good/fun/ a waste of 等名词。b. It is 后接useless/good/等形容词。It is no use trying to persuade him.It is a waste time arguing about itB动词- ing 形式做表语做表语常用来说明主语的性质、特征或具体内容。The dinner looks inviting.His job is delivering newspapers.C动词- ing 形式做定语做定语时，放在它所修饰的名词或代词的前面,叫前置定语；放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面,叫后置定语。a. 前置定语 单个v.-ing形式做定语，一般前置。作用有：说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能；a smoking room , a sleeping car ,a walking stick, drinking water, drawing board, teaching method说明被修饰的人活事物的动作或状态；a sleeping baby, a walking dictionary, a puzzling question, boiling waterb.后置定语 做定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰的词之后The building being built now is a hospital.Those wishing to join this club should sign here.A novel is a mirror walking along a main road.D动词- ing 形式做宾语可以充当部分及物动词的宾语，也可以充当介词的宾语做动词宾语You had better avoid going there.The teacher suggested doing the experiment in another way.做介词的宾语A parrot learns new words by copying what people say.We insisted on your leaving the place before the enemy came.He has little hope of passing the examination.What about going to the park?E动词- ing 形式做宾语补足语做“致使”类动词的宾语补足语：catch / have / keep / set / leaveI am sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.The joke set everybody laughing.What she has told left us thinking that she experienced much when she was young. 做感觉心理状态类动词的宾语补足语He saw the children playing in the yard.I must say I dont like to hear you talking like that.F动词- ing 形式做状语可以做状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随情况等。 表时间相当于一个时间状语从句While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.Turning around, she saw a car driving up.表原因一般位于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句Being tired out, he could not walk any further.Having lived in London for years, I almost know every place quite well.Not knowing how to work out this maths problem, she turned to the teacher for help.表结果可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句。The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.表条件相当于一个条件状语从句Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes.Knowing anything about it, I will tell you all.表让步Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.Admitting what you say, I still think you are wrong.表行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明一般位于句末，可以扩展为一个并列成分。I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.He was walking along the street, looking this way and that.*为了使动词-ing形式做状语所表达的时间、条件、让步意思更明确，我们可在动词-ing形式前加上适当的连词（如while /when /once /although/ even if等）。G动词- ing 形式做插入语 在句中作独立成分，用来表明说话人的态度Generally speaking, the Chinese prefer tea to coffee.Judging from this fact, he must be an honest man.Judging from/by从-来判断Considering （that） 考虑到 Allowing for- 考虑到 Takinginto consideration Generally speaking Properly speaking Frankly speaking 坦白地讲 Concerning- 关于- Talking of- 说到- Supposing that 如果- According to 4. 动词-ing形式的时态和语态, 肯定式和否定式时态和语态主 动被 动一般式（not）doing（not）being done完成式*（not）having done*（not）having been done* 被动式的用法:当动词-ing形式与其逻辑主语是被动关系时,用被动式:* 如果用never 否定，用having never done，having never been done一般式的用法:动名词一般式表示的是一般性的动作，或表示与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生,有时也可以表示动作发生在谓语动作之前:一般性动作:Working hard will produce good results.Teaching is learning.谓语动作同时发生:“Cant you read?” Mary said angrily pointing to the notice.This is he computer being repaired by Tom.发生在谓语动作之前:I remember mailing the letter.I appreciate being invited to your home.完成式的用法动词-ing形式的完成式表示的动作通常发生在谓语动作之前，特别强调动作已经完成。Having watered the vegetables, we began to dig the ground.He regrets not having worked hard at school.Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip?Having never handled a compute, she met with a lot of difficulties at first.5.动词-ing形式的逻辑主语什么是动词-ing形式的逻辑主语呢？在句子中，除了原有的句子主语之外，动词-ing形式有时需要自己的主语，称为动词-ing形式逻辑主语，或 动词-ing形式的复合结构。一般在v-ing 前加物主代词或名词所有格。在口语中，当这种结构用作宾语时，可以用宾格或名词通格代替。1. His