pride and prejudice赏析.ppt

PrideandPrejudice ChenYao Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune mustbeinwantofawife JaneAustenwasbornatSteventonParsonage Hampshire England onDecember16th 1775 theseventhofeightchildren Atfirst shewassenttoOxfordtobeeducated Afewyearslater shehadreturnedhomebecausetheAustenscouldnotaffordtosendhertoschool Austenacquiredtheremainderofhereducationbyreadingbooks guidedbyherminister father HerfatherapparentlygaveAustenunfetteredaccesstohislargeandvariedlibrary andprovidedherwithexpensivepaperandothermaterialsforherwritingand drawing Austenhadacloserelationshipwithhersister CassandraElizabeth Austennevermarried In1796 shehadashortrelationshipwithTomLefroy whowastheIrishsupremejudge ItissaidthatheisMr Darcy sprototypeinPrideandPrejudice In1816 AustengotaseriousillnessanddiedinWinchesteron18th July1817 attheageof41 ShewasburiedinthenorthaisleofthenaveofWinchesterCathedral StatusFrom18centurytotheearly19thcentury sentimentalnovelandGothicnovelarefullofBritishLiterature ButAusten snoveldestroystheoldandestablishesthenew UnconventionallyshowsthatBritishruralmiddleclasslifewhichhasnotbeenundercapitalistindustryrevolutionimpact Herworks oftenthroughthecomedicscenesofmockingpeople sstupidity selfishness snobberyandblindlyconfidentweakness Austen snovelappearedintheearly19thcentury Shebrokethefalseromanticismtrend inheritinganddevelopingtheexcellenttraditionofrealisminthe18thcenturyintheUK Sheopenstheclimaxoftherealisticnovelsof1830s JaneAustenisoneoftheveryfewfamousfemalewritersintheworld Sheisadomesticnovelistandnovelistofmanners SheismentionedinthesamestatuswithShakespeare Austen sliteraryconcern Austen smainliteraryconcernisabouthumanbeingsintheirpersonalrelationship Sheisparticularpreoccupiedwiththerelationshipbetweenmenandwomeninlove Storiesofloveandmarriageprovidethemajorthemesinallhernovels inwhichfemalecharactersarealwaysplayinganactivepart NovelofManners 社会风俗小说 workoffictionthatre createsasocialworld conveyingwithfinelydetailedobservationthecustoms values andmoresofahighlydevelopedandcomplexsociety Theconventionsofthesocietydominatethestory andcharactersaredifferentiatedbythedegreetowhichtheymeasureuptotheuniformstandard orideal ofbehaviourorfallbelowit Therangeofanovelofmannersmaybelimited asintheworksofJaneAusten whichdealwiththedomesticaffairsofEnglishcountrygentryfamiliesofthe19thcenturyandignoreelementalhumanpassionsandlargersocialandpoliticaldeterminations DomesticNovel domesticNovel referstoatypeofnovelpopularwithwomenreadersduringthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury ThegenrebeganwithCatharineSedgwick sNew EnglandTale 1822 andremainedadominantfictionaltypeuntilafter1870 Features 1 Plotfocusesonaheroinewhoembodiesoneoftwotypesofexemplar 2 Theheroinestrugglesforself mastery learningthepainofconqueringherownpassions3 Thetalesgenerallyendwithmarriage 4 Thenovelsmayusea languageoftears thatevokessympathyfromthereaders ListofWorks Novels SenseandSensibility 1811 PrideandPrejudice 1813 MansfieldPark 1814 Emma 1815 NorthangerAbbey 1818 posthumous Persuasion 1818 posthumous Shortfiction LadySusan 1794 1805 Unfinishedfiction TheWatsons1804 Sanditon 1817 OtherWorks SirCharlesGrandison adaptedplay 1793 1800 PlanofaNovel 1815 ABriefIntroductionofPrideandPrejudice PrideandPrejudiceisthemasterpieceofJaneAusten Thisworktakesthedailylifeasthesourcematerial Contrarytopopularsentimentalnovelsofthecommunitycontentandaffectationofwritingmethods Vividlyreflectstheendofthe18thcenturytotheearly19thcenturyBritishtownshiplifeinaconservativeandocclusionstateandthewaysoftheworld SocialBackground 1 ThestoryofPrideandPrejudicetookplaceinnineteenthcentury Atthattime BritainwasattheperiodoftransitionfromtheearlierstageofCapitalismtoCapitalistIndustrialization Inthecountryside thearistocraticfamilystillheldgreatpowerandrightthatcountrysquireswerelikelytofawnuponthem However asthedevelopmentofCapitalismandtheexpandoftherankofrichpeople thedistinctionbetweensocialstratawasbecomingsmallerandsmaller whilemoneywasgettingmoreandmoreimportantinpeople smindaboutsocialvalue Englandconsentedtoaccommodatetheaspirationsoftherisingmiddleclassesbypermittingintermarriagewithcommomers 2 Thestorytookplaceinthetimesbetween18thand19thcenturiesinUK itwasuniversallyregardedthatasinglewealthymanmustbeinawantofawife 3 ItisacommonpracticeduringAusten stimeforwomentomarryahusbandtosaveherfromspinsterhoodortogainfinancialsecurity Sogenerallyspeaking awomaninmiddleclasscanchangeherlifeonlybyasuccessfulmarriage TheRelationshipBetweenMainCharacters SocialHierarchy Plot MrandMrsBennetlivewiththeirfivedaughtersatLongbournnearLondon Becausetheyhavenoson theirpropertywillhavetopass accordingtothelawatthattime toacousin WilliamCollins Hopingtosecuretheirdaughters positioninsociety theybothwanttomarrythemtosomewealthygentlemen ItsohappensthatCharlesBingley asinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune comestosettleintheneighborhoodwithhistwosistersandhisfriendFitzwilliamDarcy whoisalsorichandunmarried BingleyandJanefallinlovewitheachotheralmostatfirstsight AndDarcyisattractedtoJane ssisterElizabeth butheoffendsherbyhisinsolentbehaviorandruderemarksataball Thedislikeandrepulsionisincreasedbytheprideoftheoneandtheprejudiceoftheother However Darcycontinuestobeattractedtoher inspiteofhimself tillheproposestoherbutisrejectedindignantly Lateron onatriptonorthofEnglandwithheruncleandaunt ElizabethchancestomeetDarcy whoreceivesthemverywarmlyandshowsgreatlyimprovesmanners Thusprideischeckedandprejudiceremoved Justatthispoint newsreachesElizabeththatheryoungestsisterLydiahaselopedwithWickham ByDarcy shelp theirmarriageisfinallybroughtabout Andthroughhisinfluence theformertiebetweenBingleyandJaneisrenewed whichleadstotheirengagement DarcyandElizabethalsobecomeengageddespitetheinterventionofLadyCatherinedeBourgh ThestorythenendshappilywiththemarriagesofJaneandElizabeth CharactersLists ElizabethBennetTheprotagonistofthenovelandthesecondoldestoffivesisters Elizabethislively quick witted sharp tongued boldandintelligent SheisthemostlogicaloftheBennetdaughtersandthatmakesherherfather sfavorite Elizabethisespeciallydistinguishedbyherfineeyes Theimportanceofhereyesmaybesymbolicofherabilitiesofperception Shehasprideinherabilitiestoperceivethetruthofsituationsandofpeople scharacters However herperceptiveabilitiesfailherfrequentlybecausesheisinfluencedbyvanityandjudgespeoplerashly BytheendofthenovelsheovercomesherprejudicethroughherdealingswithDarcy Elizabethisconcernedwithpropriety good manners andvirtue butisnotimpressedbymerewealthortitles Mr DarcyAnextremelywealthyaristocrat Darcyisproud haughtyandextremelyconsciousofclassdifferencesatthebeginningofthenovel Hedoes however haveastrongsenseofhonorandvirtue Elizabeth srebukesafterhisfirstproposaltoherhelphimtorecognizehisfaultsofprideandsocialprejudice Itis infact preciselybecauseElizabethisnotsoawedbyhishighsocialstatusastobeafraidtocriticizehischaracterthatheisattractedtoher Theself knowledgeacquiredfromElizabeth srebukesandthedesiretowinElizabeth slovespurhimtochangeandjudgepeoplemorebytheircharacterthanbytheirsocialclass JaneBennetJaneistheoldestinthefamily Beautiful good tempered sweet amiable humbleandselfless Janeisuniversallywell liked Sherefusestojudgeanyonebadly alwaysmakingexcusesforpeoplewhenElizabethbringstheirfaultstoherattention HertendencytogivepeoplethebenefitofthedoubtleadshertobehurtbyinsincerefriendssuchasCarolineBingley althoughintheendherjudgmentsseemtobemoreaccuratethanElizabeth soverallandtodohermuchlessharm Janeisastaticcharacter assheisbasicallyamodelofvirtuefromthebeginning thereisnoroomforhertodevelopinthenovel CharlesBingleyMr Bingley muchlikeJane isanamiableandgood temperedperson Heisnotoverlyconcernedwithclassdifferences andJane spoorfamilyconnectionsarenotaseriousdeterrenttohisattachmenttoher Bingleyisverymodestandeasilyswayedbytheadviceofhisfriends asseeninhisdecisionnottoproposetoJaneasaresultofDarcy sbeliefthatJaneisnotreallyattachedtohim AlsolikeJane Bingleylacksseriouscharacterfaultsandisthusstaticthroughoutthenovel HischaracterandhisloveforJaneremainconstant theonlythingthatchangesistheadviceofDarcy whichleadshimnottoproposetoJaneinthebeginningofthenovelbuttoproposetoherintheend Mr WickhamAnofficerintheregimentstationedatMeryton Wickhamisquicklyjudgedtobeaperfectlygoodandamiablemanbecauseofhisfriendlinessandtheeaseofhismanners HeinitiallyshowsapreferenceforElizabeth andsheispleasedbyhisattentionsandinclinedtobelievehisstoryaboutDarcy YetwhileWickhamhastheappearanceofgoodnessandvirtue thisappearanceisdeceptive HistruenaturebeginstoshowitselfthroughhisattachmenttoMissKingforpurelymercenarypurposesandthenthroughDarcy sexpositionofhispastandthroughhiselopementwithLydia deceivinghertobelievethatheintendstomarryher LydiaBennetTheyoungestoftheBennetsisters Lydiaisfoolishandflirtatious givenuptoindolenceandthegratificationofeverywhim SheisthefavoriteofMrs Bennet becausethetwohavesuchsimilarcharacters Lydiaisconstantlyobsessedwiththeofficersintheregiment andseesnopurposetolifebeyondentertainmentanddiversion Shelacksanysenseofvirtue proprietyorgood judgment asseeninherelopementwithWickhamandhercompletelackofremorseafterward Mrs BennetMrs Bennetisafoolishandfrivolouswoman Shelacksallsenseofproprietyandvirtueandhasnoconcernforthemoralorintellectualeducationofherdaughters Fromthebeginningofthenovelhersoleobsessionistomarryoffherdaughters SheisperfectlyhappywithLydia smarriage andneveroncecensuresherdaughterforhershamefulconductorfortheworryshehascausedherfamily HerimproprietyisaconstantsourceofmortificationfortheElizabeth andtheinanenatureofherconversationmakeshersocietysodifficulttobearthatevenJaneandBingleydecidetomoveoutoftheneighborhoodayearaftertheyaremarried Mr BennetAnintelligentmanwithgoodsense Mr Bennetmadethemistakeofmarryingafoolishwoman Hetakesrefugeinhisbooksandseemstowantnothingmorethantobebotheredaslittleaspossiblebyhisfamily Hisindolenceleadstotheneglectoftheeducationofdaughters EvenwhenElizabethwarnshimnottoallowLydiatogotoBrightonbecauseofthemoraldangerofthesituation hedoesnotlistentoherbecausehedoesnotwanttobebotheredwithLydia scomplaints Mr CollinsAclergymanandanextremelycomicalcharacterbecauseofhismixofobsequiousnessandpride Mr Collinsisfondofmakinglongandsillyspeechesandstatingformalitieswhichhaveabsolutelynomeaninginthemselves ForMr Collins speechisnotameanstocommunicatetruthbutameanstosaywhathethinksthepeoplearoundhimwanttohearorwhatwillmakethepeoplearoundhimthinkwellofhim HeisinlinetoinheritLongbournonceMr Bennetdies andwantstomarryoneoftheMissBennetstolessentheburdenoftheentailment WhenElizabethrefuseshim heconsidershisdutydischargedandtransfershisaffectionstoCharlotteLucas CharlotteLucasCharlotteactsasafoiltoElizabethbyembodyingtheoppositeviewofmarriage Charlottemakesnoattempttofindahusbandwhomshelovesandesteems butsimplygivesintothenecessityofacquiringfinancialsecuritythroughmarriage ShedealsaswellwithMr Collinsasispossible butElizabethdoubtstheirlong termhappiness Mr Bennet sMarriage MoralMarriage IncontrasttoElizabeth herfather Mr Bennet isanexampleoflivingwithone smistakes Hehadmarriedawomanwhoseweakunderstandingandilliberalmind hadveryearlyintheirmarriageputanendtoallrealaffectionforher Respect esteemandconfidence hadvanishedforever andallhisviewsofdomestichappinesswereoverthrown Mrs Bennet smaininterestinlifeistofindsuitablehusbandsforherfivedaughters whileMr Bennetwouldliketoislolatehimselffromhisfamilyandrefugeeinhislibraryorinmockinghiswife Mr BennetalsocanbeconsideredasanirresponsiblefatherbecauselacksofresponsibilitytowardshisfamilyandheencourgeshisyoungerdaughtertoelopewithWichham Sofromeverypointofview theirmarriageisacommonone likehundredsofthousandcouples Charlotte sMarriage BasedonEconomics InPrideandPrejudice CharlotteandCollinsarethefirstyoungcoupletogetmarried Theirmarriageisoutofanyexpectation Atfirst Collinsproposestohiscousin Elizabeth becausehewouldinheritMr Bennet swealth andheiskindofadmiringher Unexpectedly Elizabethrefuseshimwithsharptongue ThenCharlottegetachancetostepin Sheisnotverypretty andthereisnotmuchmoneyforhertoinherit CollonsfindcomfortsfromCharlotte andCharlottefindsawealthymanshewants Theygetmarriedasquicklyaslightening Butontheotherhand thisisalsoverydull Lydia smarriage Withneitherloveormoney Elizabeth slittlesister Lydia smarriageisanotherbadmarriage Lydiaisimpulsive vainandimmature SheiscrazyaboutWichham shandsomeappearanceandhisboast evenelopeswithhim Shedoesn tconsiderherlaterlife forgettingthatanyhowsheisapoorgirl Elopementisanembarrassmentatthattime OnlyWichhammarriedhercansaveherreputation ActuallyWichhamhasnointentionofmarryingheruntilDarcypromisestopayallhisdebts tosecurehimacommissionandpresentLydiaanotheronethousandpounds Aftermarriage theydon tloveeachotherasmuchasbefore Thismarriageisanotheronewithoutlove Theydon tknowtherealmeaningofloveandmarriage Elizabeth sMarriage Aperfect idealone Theirmarriageisthemainaspectofthenovelanditisthemostsuccessfulandhappiestidealmarriage TheauthorputsallhopeonElizabethwhohasaconsciousnessofresistanceandsmartmind Mr Darcyisawealthyandhandsomeandproudbachelor DarcyisviewedasrudeandconceitedbyalltheinhabitantsofMerytonaswellasElizabethBennet WhenhefallsinlovewithElizabeth hisproposalisrefusedbyher shealsoscoldshisarroganceforcefully Afterthatherealizeshisdeficienciesandmakesimprovement shealsorealizeshermistakeswhensheunderstandsthatshehasgreatlymisjudgedDarcyandWichham Theirmarriageisamuchcomplexstateofaffairs Despitetheirintialfeelingsforeachother theybothachievesharedadmirationsandrespectbutthisisonlyacommplishedthroughthepainfulprocessofstrippingawaythemisinterpretationandself deceptionoftheother Theirmarriageisrationalbecausetheyhavelearnedwhytheyloveeachother Jane sMarriage LoveatFirstSight JaneistheeldestdaughtersoftheBennets Sheisverybeautiful gentleandkind hearted ButshehidesherseriousattachmenttoBingleyunderherquietopenandcheerfulmanners Mr Bingleyisgood lookingandgentlemanlike hehasmodest easyandpolitemanners butheislackofself confidence Hedoesn tquitelysureifJanehasattachmenttohimandMiss Bingleydoesn twantJanetobehersister in lawforherlowpositionandconnection TherearemanyobstaclesintheaccessoftheirmarriageandfinallygettogetherunderthehelpofElizabeth ItisnotdifficulttoseethatthemarriageofJaneandBingleyismoreorlessbasedontheirgoodlooksastheyloveeachotheratfirstsight YetMrsBennetisparticularhappyjustbecauseherson in lawhasayearlyincomeoffourorfivethousandpounds Soinadditiontotheirniceappearance theirhappinessowesagreatdealtoBingley slargefortune EssentialFactorsInfluenceMarriageinThisBook PropertyLovePeronailty TheGreatImpactofMoneyonMarriage InPrideandPrejudice wecanalwaysseecountry squiresandleisurelifewithwalks balls picnics conversationsandmarriage Butseeingthroughthesurfuce thereisaworldofstrugglingforexistencedeterminedbymoney Thefirstsentenceofthewholenovelproclaims itisatruthuniversallyackonwledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife Here agoodfortuneandinwantofaretwokeyphrases Inwantofmeansitisneededobjectivelynotsubjectively SowecanalsosaythatinPrideandPrejudice the realtruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatawomanwithoutpossessionmustbeinwantofahusbandwithagoodfortune Mr WichhamwantstogetstenthousandfromDarcyotherwisehewillnotmarryLydiaeventhoughtheyareinelopement WhataboutElizabeth LeavingasidehertrueloveforDarcy whatroledoesmoneyplayinherprocessofchasingaftermarriage SheoncesholdsgoodfeelingsonWichham consideringhimtobethemostagreeablemansheevermet Butmeanwhileshethinksittooimprudenttofallinlovewithhim sheoncesaystoherauntMrs Gradiner IwilltakecareofmyselfandofMr Wichham too HeshallnotbeinlovewithmeifIcanpreventit SowhenWichhamisengagedwithMiss Kingforherten thousand poundproperty shedoesnotfeelalittlebitsadbutfree AnotherthingisthataftersheconfessesherloveforDarcyandtheirengagementtohereldersister JaneasksherhowlongshelovedDarcyandsheanswers ImustdateitfrommyfirstseeinghisbeautifulgroundsatPemberly Throughsheisjokingwecanseepartofherfeelingsofpursuingmoney Fromthewholenovel thereisnomarriagethatinvolvesnomoney Moneyandprovertyistheguarantee Marriagewithoutmoneywillnotsurvive LoveistheFoundationofMarriage ElizabethcouldnotacceptCollinsbecausetherecouldbenopossibilityoflovebetweenthem ElizabethopposesherbestfriendCharlotte smarriagetoCollinsbecausesheonlyseeksformaterialenjoyment Elizabethhasherownattitudetowardsmarriage Sheknowsthatthehappymarriageshouldbebasedontrueloveandshouldchoosematecarefullyandseriously DarcyisattactednotonlybyElizabeth sbeautifulappearancebutalsobyherpersonalityeventhoughheexperienceslongtimeandfiercestrugglesintheprocessofacceptanceofElizabethdespiteforhersocialpositionandlowconnections Heproposesto Elizabethforhisdeeplove hesays InvainhaveIstruggled itwillnotdo myfeelingwillnotberepressed youmustallowmetotellyouhowstronglyIadmireandloveyou JaneAustenaswellasotherauthors isveryclearthatnofeelingsisexmetrelypureandnomotivecouldbedefinitelysingle butweshouldmakeitclearthatwhichfeelingormotiveplaystheleadingrole Loveisthefoundationofmarriage Withoutlovemarriagewillnotbehappy Attractionofpersonalityhasgreatinfluenceonmarriageinreality Fromthestudyofthecouples itisnotdifficulttofindoutthatthemarriageofElizabethandDarcyisperfectbecausetheypossessindependenceandequalityinpersonality 1 PersonalityofIndependence People sthoughtdeterminestheirpersonalityandtheirpersonalityreflectstheirthought Elizabethhasthesenseofindependenceandcanresistalloutsideinterference Shewithstandshermother spressureandrefuseCollins Herindependentpersonalityalsoshowsthatshedoesnotfearthepersonwhohasmuchmoneyandhighrank WheneverMiss Bingleyspeakstoherwithbitingsarcasm sheanswersbacksarcasticallybutwithproperreserve Darcyisindependentinthought too Hehasmoneyandrank Heshouldmarryagirlwhohasthesamecondition HislovetoElizabethispreventedbyhissenseoffamilystatus too HehastormentedbutwiththeeffectofElizabeth hetriumphsoverhimselfandlovesElizabethmore 2 EqualityofPersonality ElizabethrefusesthefirstproposalofDarcy ShebelievesthatDarcy sofferseemsacharitymorethanrequest Sheisstirredtosenseofinsultbyhislangua