U3智慧背囊1．1）consider用作及物动词表示“.doc

U3 智慧背囊 11）consider用作及物动词，表示“考虑；思考”，后接名词、代词、动名词、wh-加不定式或宾语从句。如：Let me consider your plan.让我考虑一下你的计划。 I am considering going abroad.我正在考虑出国。We are considering how to improve our English. 我们正在考虑如何提高我们的英语。They are considering whether they ll go for a trip on National Day.他们正在考虑国庆节是否去旅行。 2）consider用作及物动词，表示“看作；认为”，用于“consider十名词/代词十宾语补足语”句型，宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、as短语、介词短语、to he或 to have done 等。如：I consider her (as /to be) my best friend. 我认为她是我最好的朋友。I consider it necessary for us to know how to prevent SARS. 我认为我们知道如何预防非典型肺炎是有必要的。Mr Smith is considered to have visited many countries. 人们认为史密斯先生已访问过许多国家。We consider that the driver is not to blame.我们认为这不是司机的过错。 3）means表示“方法；方式；手段”，单复数同形。当means作主语时，前有every，each，one等修饰语时，谓语用单数；前有several，some，many，few等修饰语时，谓语用复数。如：We consider that the driver is not to blame.最快的旅行途径是乘飞机。Every possible means has / All possible means have been tried， but none worked各种所有可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。 4）常见含 means的短语有：by all means务必、不惜一切地、（用于交际英语表示同 意）当然可以，没问题 ； by no means决不，一点也不； by means of of通过，用，借助于 ； by this means用这种方法。如：He climbed the tree by means of a ladder.他用梯子爬上了树。 You can do it by this means. 你可以用这种办法去做。They succeeded by means of hard work.他们依靠自己的辛勤劳动而获得成功。2.You could visit any year you wish.你可以在任何你愿意的一年来访问。 这句话表示一种非真实的假设，叫作“虚拟语气”，虽然与表示现在或将来的状语连用，但是句子谓语动词多用could,would等过去式形式的情态动词。如：I could come tomorrow if you like.如果你愿意，明天我可以来。We wish that he would come again.我们但愿他会再来. If I could go with you, I should feel very glad.假如我能同你们一起去，我会感到非常高兴。What would you do if you won 5,000,000 dollars?如果你赢得五百万大奖，你会怎么办？，3. Where would you prefer going?你倒愿意到哪里去？ prefer常用作及物动词，表示“宁可，宁愿（选择）；更喜欢”，常见搭配有： l）prefer十名词代词/动名词（ to另一名词代词/动名词）。如：Do you prefer coffee or tea?你喜欢咖啡还是茶？ Which do you prefer, hiking or rafting?你更喜欢哪一样，徒步旅行还是漂流？She prefers staying with us.她宁愿和我们呆在一起。 I prefer red to blue. 我喜欢红色而不喜欢蓝色。The old man prefers doing something to doing nothing.这位老人宁愿干点事而不愿清闲着。 2）prefer十宾语十不定式（作宾语补足语）。如：I should prefer you not to stay there too long. 我希望你不要在那儿呆得太久。 3）prefer to do A（ rather thando B)。如：She prefers to listen to classical music. 她更喜欢听古典音乐。Do you prefer to do the work by yourself?你愿意一个人来干这件工作吗？The hero preferred to die rather than surrender. 那位英雄宁死不屈。Jane prefers to stay at home rather than go shopping. 珍妮宁愿呆在家中而不愿去购物。4. Oops, its over 50 years later! 哎呀！那可是五十年以后啦 Oops是感叹词，常译作“哎哟”，用于表示惊讶、沮丧、狼狈、不慎失误时所发的喊声。如：Oops!I nearly dropped my cup of tea!哎呀！我险些儿把自己的杯茶掉到地上 !5. get away from（使）摆脱，（使）离开She always gets away from tiredness by listening to music. 她总是靠听音乐来解乏。Every winter people travel south in order to get away from cold weather.每年冬天人们到南方去旅游是为了躲避严寒。6. eperience体验 1）experience用作可数名词，意为“经历；经过的事”。如：Please tell us your experiences in America.请你告诉我们你在美洲的经历。I had an unusual experience yesterday.昨天我经历了一次不寻常的事情。 2）experience用作不可数名词，意为“经睑。如：She has twenty years experience in teaching,她有二十年的教学经验。He has not enough experience for the position.对于这种职位，他没有足够的经验。 3）experience用作及物动词，意为“体验：经历”如：Have you ever experienced real hunger?你体验过真正的饥饿吗？Our country has experienced great hardships, in 2003. 我国在 2003年经历了巨大困难。 4）experienced用作形容同，意为“有经验的”。如：He is an experienced doctor. 他是一位经验丰富的医生。7instead of和 instead的区别 这两个短语都表示“代替；而不是”，但有明显差别。 1）instead是副词，单独使用，多放在句中或句末。如：If you cannot go, let him go instead. 如果你不能去，让他替你去。I didnt have a pen, so I used a pencil instead.我没有钢笔，因此我就用铅笔了。 2）instead of是短语介词，后接名词、代词、动名词或另一个介词短语（注意 Of后面的介词不能省略）。如：If you cannot go, he ll go instead of you.如果你不能去，他愿替你去。Well have tea in the garden instead of in the house.我们将改在花园喝茶，而不在屋里喝。 注意：有时这两个短语可进行转换，意思基本不变。如：He didnt go to school. Instead he went to the cinema.= He went to the cinema instead of going to school. 他没去上学，相反他去了电影院。 诀窍：若要点明“被代替的人或物”， instead之后则须加伙：若不需要具体点出来“被代替的人或物”，则不加 of .如第2、3两个例句可改为：I didnt have a pen, so I used a pencil instead. If you cannot go, hell go instead (of you) .8. watch out 留神；提防 watch out意为“注意；当心；留神”；接宾语时，后加介词 for。如：When you go for a hike alone, be sure to watch out! 一个人徒步旅行一定要当心呀！Mother told me to watch out for traffic when crossing the street.妈妈告诉我过马路时要留意车辆。9. protect. from保护免受protect意力“防止；保护”，往往与介词 from或 against连用。如：He raised his arm to protect his face.他举起手臂护住脸部She is wearing sunglasses to protect her eyes from the sun.她戴着太阳镜来保护眼睛不受太阳照射。10such as和 for example的区别 这两个短语都可以表米“例如”，但含义及用法不同。 l）for example强调“举例”说明，而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语，且用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。如：Many people here, for example, John, would rather have coffee.这里有许多人，例如约翰很喜欢喝咖啡。There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.有许多种污染方式，例如噪音就是一种污染。 2）such as用来“罗列”同类人或物中的几个例子，可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，但其后边不能用逗号。如：Many of the English programmes are well received, such as Follow Me, Follow Me to Science . 其中有许多英语节目，如跟我学跟我学科学，就很受欢迎。English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on.许多国家说英语，如澳大利亚加拿大等。11. You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear.你不应该去漂流除非你知道如何游泳而且总要穿着救生衣。 1）unless是连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“如果不”、“除非”。如：Well be late unless we hurry.如果不快一点我们就会迟到。They will go swimming unless it rains tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨他们要去游泳。 对动词wear这里表示“穿，戴（衣服、首饰、纪念章等)，侧重于状态。如：He wore a beautiful new suit. 他穿着一套好看的新衣服。Do you know the man who is wearing sunglasses? 你认识那个戴着墨镜的男人吗？l2in和 after表示“在之后”的区别 两者都可以用作介词，表示“在之后”，但场合有所不同。 l）in后接“时间段”，指“从现在起的”一段时间之后，常与一般将来时连用。如：Ill come and see you again in five days. 过五天我再来看你。The meeting will be over in two hours time.会议将于两小时后结束。 2）after后常接“时间点”，适用时态较灵活；也可后按时间段，指“从过去起的”一段时间之后，常与一般过去时连用。I think the party will be over after 11 oclock.我想这个晚会将在 11点以后结束。He graduated in 1996. After two years he got married. 他 l996年毕业，两年后结了婚。13.see sb off 给某人送行 see见意为“（到机场、火车站等）为某人送行”，见是副词，代词宾语必须放在其前边，名词作宾语则可以位于见前或后。如：Who will go to the airport to see you off?谁要到机场为你送行？I had to go to the station to see one of my friends off. 我必须赶到火车站送别一位朋友。14.And say Hi to Bob from me.代我向鲍勃问好！ say Hi to sb. 表示“向某人问好”。类似的还有，say sorrygoodbye to sb向某人道歉告别。如：Remember to say hello to your parents when you see them. 见到你父母时，记住向他们问候。Our teacher is going abroad tomorrow. Lets go and say goodbye to her. 我们英语老师明天要出国去。咱们去向她告别吧！15The same to you我也这样祝愿你。 英语中，一方表示“祝你周末（或：新年）愉快”时，另一方常以“The same to you”作答，表示彼此一样同祝同贺。- Merry Christmas to you, John. 约翰，祝你圣诞快乐！-The same to you, Alice.爱丽斯，也祝你圣诞快乐！16. by spaceship by doing sth.通过做某事1)by spaceship作“乘宇宙飞船”讲。介词 by后边直接跟单数名词，且名词前不用限定词，表示“靠/用/通过某种交通方式”。本单元还出现了 by boat（乘船）， by train乘火车）， by air（ by plane，乘飞机）， by bus（乘公交车）等，都属于这种用法。但是，若名词前有了my等限定词，则要改用别的介词。如：I came by bike / on my mothers bike.我是骑自行车骑我妈的自行车来的。I wish I could go to the moon by spaceship one day. 我希望将来有一天我能乘宇宙飞船到月球上去。 2）介词访后接动词-ing形式常用来表示方式、方法或手段，可用来回答提出的问题。如：The villagers are making a living by renting boats to the tourists. 村民们靠租船给游客们谋生。Her uncle became rich by printing works of famous writers. 他舅舅靠印刷著名作家的作品发财了。17. Echo-travel, on the other hand, is a way to travel responsibly. 而生态旅游，则是一种负责任的旅游方式。1）echo-前缀表示与“生态”有关。如; ecology生态学; ecological生态的; echo-system生态系统; echo-tounsm生态旅游。2)on the other hand :意为“另一方面”，用以引起与上文有所不同的意见或看法。它既可以单独使用，也可以与on the one hand连用，表示“一方面另一方面”。如：I want to go to the party, but on the other hand I ought to be studying.我想去参加聚会，但从另一方面来说，我应该留下来学习。On the one hand, I like the background of the oil painting, but on the other hand, I don t like its colour一方面，我喜欢这幅油画的背景；但另一方面我不喜欢油画的18.at least至少 at least有时也可以说at the least，意为“至少；起码”。其反义词是at（the）mostHes going away for at least once a week. 他起码一星期去一次。The necklace is worth 1000 dollars at most.这条项链最多值 10