2010专八翻译培训(教师).doc

2010专八翻译练习 英汉语对比知识：形合与意合：（1）Few follow the advice of Isabella Beeton, the guru of British cooks in the 19th century, who decreed in an early edition of her book that “a good meal, if enjoyed and digested, gives the support necessary for the mornings work.” 十九世纪英国烹饪大师伊莎贝拉比顿曾在其著作的一个早期版本里说过：“受用一顿美餐，能使整个上午工作精力充沛。”这番高见，现在很少有人领教了。（2）He was a free-will agent and he chose to do careful work, and if he failed, he took the responsibility without subterfuge.他是个自有主意的人,干活就要认真干好， 没干好， 他就承担责任， 决不借故推委。（3）仿佛为探寻什么而来，然而，我永远不能寻见什么了，除非我也睡在花床的下面，土地连接着土地，在那里面或许还有一种温暖的，爱的交流。（缪崇群：花床）I seem to have come here in search of something, but I will never be able to find anything, except hoping that someday I will go and sleep underneath a flower bed where the land is one in which there is an interflow of warmth and love.（高巍、刘士聪译）（4）我本来是一个谦虚谨慎、人见人爱的孩子，是牛津大学将我弄得这么人见人嫌。I was a modest, good-humored boy; it is Oxford that has made me insufferable.（5）只见那个理发师俯下身，听小姑娘说，她要什么发式。Leaning down to hear the little girl, the barber listened to her about the style she wanted.（6）对人太苛求，没有什么道理，自己也容易失望。You have little cause to make excessive demands from others and make yourself disappointed in return.（7）酒不醉人人自醉。It is not the wine that intoxicates but the drinker who gets himself drunk.静态与动态：（8）He had entertained hopes of being admitted to a sight of the young ladies, of whose beauty he had heard much. (J. Austen)几位年轻小姐的美貌他耳闻以久，一直希望得以一睹芳容。（9）Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong doings. 老人和儿子谈话时，原谅了儿子以前的过失。（10）我倒了一杯茶给他喝。I offered him a cup of tea.（11）他拿着枪，绕着屋子巡走。He walked around the house with a gun.（12）游行的人拿着鲜花和彩旗在街道上行进。The paraders marched in the street with flowers and banners in their hands.抽象与具体：（13）He waited for her arrival with a frenzied agitation. 他等着她来，急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。（14）When young, he quitted his home and traveled to the metropolis, which he reached in a state of almost utter destitution.年轻时代，他背井离乡，(徒步)来到首都，几乎身无分文。（15）他绝望了，正在此时，他见到远方的帆影，有了绝处逢生的希望。He gave up all the hope when the appearance of a distant sail raised his hope of rescue.（16）他通晓多种不常使用的外国语，这使我们大家感到惊讶。His familiarity with many rarely used language surprised us all.主动与被动：（17）These very elements and compounds are needed to continue life, and nature is fairly efficient in recycling them.这些元素和化合物正是生命延续所需要的，而大自然能够相当有效地将其循环利用。（18） In this dangerous crisis the people of America were not forsaken by their usual good sense, presence of mind, resolution, or integrity.在此危急之秋，美国人民仍保有他们惯有的良知、镇定、决心和正直。（19） Rather than evaluating programs in terms of how happy they make people, how satisfied those people become, programs must be evaluated in terms of the quality of the discontent they engender. 对于各项计划的评估，不要看其令人们高兴的程度，使人们满意的程度，而要看其引起的不满情绪属于什么性质。（20）说话时，已摆了茶果上来。（红楼梦，第三回）Meanwhile refreshments had been served. （21）可以有把握地说，会议会如期召开的。 It may be safely said that the meeting will be held 0n schedule（22）没有爱心，就无法了解人生。 Life cannot be understood without much charity（23）“像义先生那样的好人，都要被他暗算。你就忘了阿六的事?根生跟阿六的事并没有两样。”(月夜) “Even a good man like MrYi，he wants to murderHave you forgotten Ahliu? His case and Genshengs are exactly the same.人称与物称：（24）Dawn met him well along the way.拂晓时，他已经上路好久。（25）Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh.这个使世人发出笑声的人自己却饱受辛酸。（26）It is in the hour of trial that a man finds his true profession. (B. Shaw)人总是在面临考验的关头，才发现自己的专长。（27）我们的事业从胜利走向胜利。We have won one victory after another for our cause. （28） 弄得不好，就会前功尽弃。If things are not properly handled, our labor will be totally lost. 主题与主语：（29）You dont grow the grain you eat and you dont make the clothes you wear.你吃的粮食不是你自己种的，你穿的衣服也不是你自己做的。（30）The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. (A. Lincoln)我们今天在这里说的话，世人不会太注意，也不会长久记住；但勇士们曾经在这里创造的业绩，他们将永志不忘。（31）He never referred to my estate without a touch of sneer.一提到我的田庄，他语带讥讽。（32）Nothing is ever accomplished by a committee unless it consists of three members, one of whom happens to be sick and another absent. 一个委员会要想办成什么事，就只能有三个成员，而且有一个正好生病，还有一个正好缺席。（33）关于她的家庭，我一无所知。I know nothing about her family. （34）身正不怕影子斜。If you are standing upright, dont worry that your shadow will be crooked.（35）一把菜刀闹革命。He began his revolutionary career with a chopping knife.（36）语言这东西，不是随便可以学好的，非下苦工夫不可。（毛泽东）The mastery of a language is not easy and it requires painstaking efforts. （37）有个叫毛满珠的哑巴姑娘，翻过几重山来找王斌，痛苦地做着各种手势，要求得到帮助。There was a dumb girl called Mao Manzhu, who traveled over ranges of mountains to come to Wang Bin. With various painful gestures, she begged for Wangs help.翻译标准1忠实原意例1The bomb, or its equivalent, had been detonated at the top of a pylon 100 feet high.原译：这个炸弹，或者说威力相等的装置，是在一个100英尺高的塔棚起爆的。改译：那颗炸弹，或者说相当于炸弹的东西，是在一个一百英尺高的塔棚起爆的。例2Would this man receive them as fellow countrymen, or would he treat them with cold suspicion and question them cautiously about their past careers as militarists?原译：这个人会不会像同胞手足一样接待他们呢？会不会疑虑重重，详细询问 他们在军阀时代的经历呢？改译：这个人会不会像接待同胞手足一样接待他们呢？会不会疑虑重重，仔细盘问他们的军阀经历呢？例3Chou was a quiet and thoughtful man, even a little shy as he welcomed his visitors, urged them to be seated and to tell how he could help them.原译：周恩来举止优雅，待人体贴，在招呼他们坐下、询问有何见教的时候，甚至还有点腼腆。改译：周恩来举止文静，待人体贴，在招呼他们坐下，询问他们的来意时，甚至还有点腼腆。例4你们偶然看见一棵花生瑟缩地长在地上，不能立刻辨出它有没有果实，非得等到你接触它 才能知道。原译：When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground, you can never immediately tell whether or not it bears any nuts until you touch them.改译：When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground, you can never tell whether or not it bears any nuts until you dig it up.2通顺流畅 例5Human history began when the inheritance of genetics and behavior which had until then provided the only way of dominating the environment was first broken through by conscious choice.原译：当那种一直是支配环境的唯一方式的遗传和行为的继承第一次被有意识的选择打破时，人类历史便开始了。改译：“遗传和行为的继承一直是支配环境的唯一方式, 当这种继承第一次被有意识的选择打破时, 人类历史便开始了。”例6He found the thought infinitely more enjoyable to focus on than the niggling fearthat had been troubling himsince his conversation with Fisher.原译：他发现集中精力于这种想法无疑要比那种自从与费希尔谈话以来一直困扰着他的那种莫名其妙的担忧令人愉快得多。改译：那次与费希尔谈话以后，总有些琐琐碎碎的事儿一直困扰着他，使他有种莫名的担忧。如今集中精力作这种想法，比起那种杞人忧天来无疑要让人开心多了。例7Spanish moss dripped from huge cypress and oak trees along the winding Atchafalaya River, providing cover for the birds calling to each other in the fading afternoon sunlight.译文1：铁兰从沿着那条蜿蜒流淌着的阿查法拉娅河两岸矗立着的粗大的柏树和橡树上倒挂下来，为那些在渐渐退去的午后阳光中互相叫唤着的小鸟提供了一个隐蔽之所。改译：午后的阳光渐渐隐退。阿查法拉娅河蜿蜒流淌。河的两岸耸立着高达的柏树和橡树铁兰从树上倒挂下来，小鸟在枝叶间鸣啾，互相应和。3优美（雅）例8So what do the Americans think of the foreign visitors who arrive for the torrid heat, just when locals from the United States tended to avoid Death Valley?原译：美国本地人趋向于避开死谷，而外国旅游者却为炎热而至，对此美国人是怎么想的呢？改译：美国本地人对死谷避之惟恐不及，国外游客却纷纷为恹恹烈日而至，对此美国人是怎么看的呢？例9But while admitting to the fullest extent the wonderful achievements of labor, and recognizing the fact that men of the most distinguished genius have invariably been found the most indefatigable workers, it must nevertheless be sufficiently obvious that, without the original endowment of heart and brain, no amount of labor, however well applied, could have produced a Shakespeare, a Newton, or a Beethoven.原译：但是，在最大程度上承认劳动的了不起的成就，承认最出类拔萃的天才人物永远是最不知疲倦的工作者这一事实的同时，无论怎样都必然十分明显的是，假如没有心灵和头脑固有的天赋，不论多么大量的劳动，应用得多么恰当也创造不出一位莎士比亚、牛顿或贝多芬。改译：但是,我们一方面最大限度地承认劳动所创造的辉煌成就,承认最杰出的天才永远是最不知疲倦的工作者,但同时,有一点肯定也是十分明显的,即若没有心智固有的天赋,无论付出多少劳动,也无论这些劳动应用得多么得当,也无法创造出像莎士比亚、牛顿或贝多芬这样杰出的人物来。词语层的翻译：几种重要的翻译技巧：转类法：(1) The street runs westward, across a great bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat-markets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.这条大街向西而去，跨过一座大桥，延伸下坡后又上坡，经过了几家店铺和肉市，又越过了几幢平房，最后在一片开阔的绿草坪前突然到了尽头。(2) There were no sounds but that of the tread of the men and the footsteps of the two shaggy ponies which drew the van. 此时只听见沙沙的脚步声和两匹鬃毛蓬松的拉车小马得得的马蹄声，除此之外，万籁俱寂。(3) 他对妻子总是百依百顺，我从未听到过他有什么不耐烦的表示，而且，我听得出来，他极其恭顺而温存，仿佛这么奴仆般地被老婆支使得团团转是一种享受似的。But to these orders of hers, he never said a word of “No”, nor did he reveal any sign of impatience. On the contrary, his response showed that he was as meek as a lamb, seeming to regard it as a great pleasure to busy his head off for his slave master.(4) 这本书一问世立即受到人们，特别是大学生的青睐，并多次再版。无须解释人们为什么这么喜爱这本书，因为只要稍加浏览，就可以看到书里反映了文明社会中对于友谊的看法。This book enjoyed an immediate acceptance, especially among college students, and was reprinted many times. Its popularity needs no explanation, for a browse through it shows that it reflects the notions of civilized friendship.（5）The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public man. 因此，对于一个从事社会活动的人来讲，培养一种爱好和新的情趣方式，乃是至关重要的对策。（6）All were unconscious that this experience was a test of character; and, when the first excitement was over, felt that they had done well, and deserved praise. 大家都没有认识到这番经验却是一次个性的考验，最初的兴奋过去以后，又觉得自己已经干得不错了，理应受到赞扬。（7）He added: I understand and respect those views, but I deeply believe in the correctness of my decision. 他还说：我理解并尊重他们的看法，但我深信我的决定是正确的。重复法：（增减词）(8) In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu.晚上在（参加）宴会、（出席）音乐会、（观看）乒乒球表演之后，他还得起草最后公报。(9) The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attain.人生的意义不在于已获取的，而在于渴望获得什么样的东西。(10) 郭末若同志曾说：“中国人民历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。”Comrade Guo Moruo once said, “The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.”Comrade Guo Moruo once said, “The people of China have always been courageous in exploration, innovation and revolution.”(11) 这对年轻夫妇并不相配，一个是西施，一个是张飞。This young couple is not well-matched, one is a Xishi,-a famous Chinese beauty, while the other is a Zhangfeia well-known ill-tempered brute.正反译：(12) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.极端主义者认为，人与动物在各方面都不同，对动物无需考虑道德问题。(13) “You are too beautiful and gifted not to make me fall in love with you!” “你太美丽太多才了，我怎能不爱你！”(14) 所谓中国文明者，其实不过是安排给阔人享用的人肉的筵宴。所谓中国者，其实不过是安排这人肉的筵宴的厨房。（鲁迅灯下漫笔）Our vaunted Chinese civilization is only a feast of human flesh prepared for the rich and mighty. And China is only the kitchen where these feasts are prepared.(15) 男人有泪不轻弹，皆因未到伤心处嘛。Men only shed tears when deeply hurt. / Men never shed tears unless they are deeply hurt. 句层翻译：理解原文1、找主干：英语：不管句子多长，先找主谓语。(1) The blue in his fine eyes seemed to preclude his being a Syrian, but there was an encouraging curve in his nostrils. 看他那双蓝眼睛，他似乎不可能是叙利亚人，但看他鼻子的曲线，却又使人觉得他很有可能是的。(2) Managers face a host of new business realities, such as changing patterns of employment that include an explosion of outsourcing and new alliances. 管理人员面对的是商界前所未有的种种现实，诸如企业用工方式的不断变化 包括大幅度增加外部采办和新建联产单位。(3) There is probably no better way for a foreigner (or an Englishman) to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it. 对于外国人（甚至包括英国人）来说，要欣赏丰富多采的英语，最好的办法也许就是学习莎士比亚使用英语的各种方法。(4) While many women are comfortable being close and sharing secrets, men often struggle to express their emotions in relationship with other men. 许多女人亲密相处互吐隐秘感到心安理得，而男人要对其他男人表露感情却非易事。(5) Somewhere in the middle is me, a grown-up version of the girl who used to camp out under covers with Nancy Drew, a foreshadowing of a baby-sitting grandma whose sons will come home to find Mom snoozing contentedly beneath her paperback.差不多在这一老一小的中间就是我：一个已经长大成人的昔日女孩，过去经常在野营时把南茜德鲁漫画藏在被窝里与之同眠，一位将来帮儿子照看小孩的老奶奶，儿子回家时发现母亲已经心满意足地脸上盖着书本呼呼入睡。 汉语：句子排列再多，找出重点信息（话题）(6) 他们看见一群各自身后拖着一个雪橇的孩子们，在学校门口分散开来。 They saw a knot of boys with sleds behind them scattering at the school gate(7) 我原来计划今年一月访问中国，后来不得不推迟，这使我感到很扫兴。 It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January(8) 即使是最好的厨师，有时也会做出不好的菜来。 The best cook sometimes makes bad dishes(9) 这是革命的春天，这是人民的春天，这是科学的春天!让我们张开双臂，热烈拥抱这个春天吧!Let us stretch out our arms to embrace the spring, which is one of the revolution，of the people，and of science(10) 燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。(朱自清匆匆)Swallows may have gone，but there is a time of return；willow trees may have died back，but there is a time of regreening；peach blossoms may have fallen，but they will bloom again(TrZhu Chunshen)2、明逻辑：在主干清晰的基础上，孰为主体、孰为背景？并理清每个意义点间的逻辑关系，是并列还是修饰？是因果还是转折对比？英语：注意连接词的提示，但不一定是对应的。例：(11) An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones.人们认为，与不漂亮者相比，漂亮女子更具有女性特点，而漂亮男子则更具有男性特点。(12) Along with strong incentive and education systems, third-wave companies maintain an openness to outside ideas and a tolerance for failure that help to keep innovative thinking alive.第三次浪潮时代的企业除了有力的激励和教育机制外，还善于接受外界的思想，善于容忍失败，这样有利于思想上的活跃创新。(13) At the door to the restaurant, a stunning, porcelain-faced woman in traditional costume asked me to remove my shoes.在通往餐厅的门口有一位妇女，涂脂抹粉、细皮嫩肉、身着和服、十分迷人，她叫我脱下鞋子。(14) The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.式样古老小巧的日本房屋像小船一般，漂游在灰棕色的钢筋混凝土摩天大楼之间，这引人注目的景象象征着旧传统和新发展之间的不断斗争。(15) It was sufficient that there was tenderness in her eyes, weakness in her manner, good nature and hope in her thoughts. (拆开名词从句)只要她眼睛里含情脉脉，举止里透漏着娇柔，思想里洋溢着善良和希望，这就够了。汉语：注意隐含关系，再增添关联词或进行非谓处理。例：(16) 他俩能在地里找口粗茶淡饭，完全是靠丈夫起早贪黑的耕作。It was only by the husbands incessant labor that they could draw a meager living from their land(17) 老关忙即跳下车去，摸摸腰间的勃郎宁，又向四下里瞥了一眼，就过去开了车门，站在门旁边。(子夜)Old Guan quickly scrambled out of the car，placing his hand on the Browning at his side and glancing all roundThen he went round and opened the other door and stood holding it(18) 走进他那又冷又暗的书房以后，他把提灯放在桌子上，又看起了那张纸条。Going into his cold dark study he placed the lantern on the table and read the message again(19) 小男孩被他妈妈带走时，身上的小铃丁当作响，但他却没作声，尽管当时他并未做什么错事，而且因受到如此对待而感到十分委屈。The little bell jingled as the boy was led off by his mother，but he said nothing, though he had done nothing wrong and even was very unhappy at being treated so特殊句式翻译长句拆分（英译汉）和短句合并（汉译英）(20) It was what sentimentalists, who deal in very big words, call a yearning after the ideal, and simply means that women are commonly not satisfied until they have husbands and children on whom they may centre affections, which are spent elsewhere, as it were, in small change.那就是情感主义者喜欢用大字眼，称之为“对于理想爱情的渴望”。简而言之，他们认为女人的情感平时只能零星发泄，等到有了丈夫和孩子，情感收聚起来有了归宿，自己才能得到满足。(21) Wounded as he was, it was wonderful how fast he could move, his grizzled hair tumbling over his face, and his face itself red with his haste and fury. 他虽然受了伤， 动作却快得出奇，斑白的头发披散在脸前，脸也因气急败坏而涨得通红。(22) 天是晴朗的，只有一两片白云。鸽子在空中盘旋。鸽子的翻腾，从哨子发声的波折中，也可以听出来。When the pigeon circles in the clear blue sky with a speck or two of white cloud, the rises and falls of the whistling sound are indicative of the aerial somersaults performed by the bird.(23) 鸽子是喜欢群居的，但也能单独飞行，在它完成最远的行程的时候，常常是在单独的情况下做到的。The pigeon is a social bird, but it also flies by itself. It is often on its own that it covers enormous distances. 英语中的强调句、定语从句、否定句、同位语(24) It must be remembered that we are in the preliminary phase of one of the greatest battles in history, that we are in action at many points in Norway and in Holland, that we have to be prepared in the Mediterranean, that the air battle is continuous and that many preparations have to be made here at home.人们不应忘记，我们正处于有史以来最伟大的战争之一的最初的阶段。我们正在挪威和荷兰的许多地方作战，还必须准备在地中海作战。空战还在继续，在国内还必须做许多准备工作。(25) He wants a lawyer who understands his case, who sympathizes with him and who has been there himself. 他要找一位了解他的案情，同情他的处境，并有过亲身经历的人当他的律师。(26) She didnt attend the meeting because she wanted to.她去开会并不是她自己想去。(27) Nothing is more futile and more self-defeating than the bitterness of spurned love, the vengeful feeling that someone else has “come between” oneself and a beloved. This is always a distortion of reality, for people are not the captives or victims of others they are free agents, working out their own destinies for good or for ill.世上最没有出息、最自欺欺人之事莫过于因失却爱情而痛苦，因第三者的“插足”而萌生复仇之念。这其实是对事实的歪曲，因为人，并非他人的“俘虏”或“牺牲品”，他们都是自由的，命运是好是坏，都应该自己作主。汉语中的无主句、连动句、兼语句、主题句(28) 又想提薪提职，又不好好工作，就必然去搞那些不正之风。People go in for devious practices at times because they are bucking for promotion and pay-rise while not doing their job as they know they should.(29) 认识落后，才能去改变落后。Backwardness must be perceived before it can be changed.(30) 那位老教授下意识地举起手来搔他那光秃秃的头顶。The old professor involuntarily raised his hand to scratch his bald head.(31) 紫鹃答应着，忙出来换了一个痰盆儿，将手里的这个盆儿放在桌子上，开了套间门出来，仍旧带上门，放下撒花软帘，出来叫醒雪雁。(红楼梦)Zijuan，assenting，hurried out to fetch a clean spittoon，placing the used one on the table in the outer roomHaving closed the door behind her，she let down the soft flower portiere before going to wake Xueyan(32) 她隔窗望去，突然发现有只小船停泊在河边，船里有位船夫睡得正香。Looking through the window，she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bankIn it there was a boatman fast asleep(33) 美军的暴行使全世界公众感到震惊。The American soldiers atrocity shocked the world opinion.(34) 他支持外国军队占领伊拉克使得世界人民更加反对他的政府。His support for foreign troops occupation of Iraq has turned the world people against his government all the more.(35) 气候湿热，年平均气温26. 9摄氏度,气温年差较小；年平均降水量1903毫米。It has a humid and hot climate, with an average annual rainfall of 1903 mm and annual average temperature of 26. 9 which does not v