写作中的翻译法.doc

写作中的翻译法经典长句翻译写作中的翻译法 （周固）这些句子摘自大学英语课本，都是很好的写作操练材料，对考生的作文词句规范化很有帮助。反复分析句子结构和词汇词语，然后通过汉译英的反复的回译操练，直至以后英语写作中想到相关汉语就能出现对应英语表达的程度。 1 Do you often go online chatting with strangers? Everyday, millions of people, especially the young, are online chatting with friends or with strangers. 你经常上网闲聊吗？每天有数百万人，尤其年轻人，在网上与网友或陌生人聊天。2 The successful launch and return of the manned spacecraft Shenzhou IV is deemed both a symbol of national prestige and a sign of advanced science and technology, which will definitely contribute to the economic growth of our country. 载人航天飞机神州五号的成功发射及返回既是国家荣誉的一个象征，也是先进的科技能力的标志，这对我国的经济发展无疑会产生促进作用。3 We all know that China is still a developing country and its education still lags behind that of developed countries. Many young Chinese are denied chances of receiving higher education because of insufficient educational facilities. 我们都知道，中国还是一个发展中的国家，其教育水平仍然落后于发达国家。不少中国年青人由于教育设施的匮乏而得不到接受高等教育的机会。4 They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, they won many victories, which led them to believe that anything was possible and that nothing could stand in their way. But Russias icy defender proved them wrong. 人道是骄兵必败。就拿拿破仑和希特勒（Napoleon and Hitler）来说吧，他们所想披靡，便以为自己战无不胜，不可阻挡。但俄罗斯的冰雪战士证明他们错了。5 Well begun is half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to make sufficient preparations while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has prepared adequately clearly makes a difference in (affects) his chance of success. I have a friend who is earning around 100 thousand dollars a year in a computer software company. He told me that, from his own experience, those who can decide whether an applicant could be employed prefer people who are well prepared. 常言道，好的开端是成功的一半。在求职时，求职者事先做好充分的准备是非常重要的。我认为，事先做不做准备常常会影响求职者的成功机会。我有一个朋友在一家计算机软件公司供职，年薪十万美元左右。他根据自己的经历告诉我说，那些对未来雇员具有录用决定权的人喜欢有充分准备的人。6 I consider it worthwhile trying to summarize our experience in learning English. Here I would like to make three relevant points. First, extensive reading should be taken as a priority in the learning process, because it is through reading that we get the most language input. Next, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. With an enormous store of excellent essays in our heads, we will find it much easier to express ourselves in English. Finally, it is critical that we should put what we have learnt into practice. By doing more reading, writing, listening and speaking, we will be able to accomplish the task of perfecting our English. 我认为总结一下学习英语的经验是值得一试的。这里，我想谈谈三个相关的问题。首先，大量阅读应被视作学习过程中的重点，因为我们是通过阅读获取最大量语言输入的。其次，尽可能多背熟一些好文章也十分重要。大脑中储存了大量很好的文章，我们在用英语表达自己思想的时候，就会觉得容易多了。最后，我们应把所学到的东西用到实践中去，这是至关重要的。通过多读、多写、多听、多说，我们就能完成提高英语水平的任务。7 Is America going to decline like other great powers (nations) in history ? The author thinks not, arguing that the type of society created in America is quite unlike any that has gone before it. Read what he has to say and see whether you agree. 美国是否会如同历史上其他强国一样走向衰亡？作者持否定态度，认为美国创建的社会模式不同于任何已出现的社会模式。读一读他的观点，看看你是否同意。8 More than a decade ago, the mobile phone was a luxury for only a few, but now it is very common. The rapid spread of the mobile phone is perhaps one of the great miracles of our time. 十几年前，手机只是少数人才能使用的奢侈品，但现在手机已很普遍。手机的快速普及也许是我们时代的伟大奇迹之一。9 Some people seem easy to understand：their character appears obvious on first meeting. Appearances, however, can be deceptive. For thirty years now I have been studying my fellowmen. I dont know very much about them. I shrug my shoulders when people tell me that their first impressions of a person are always right. I think they must have small insight or great vanity. For my own part I find that the longer I know people, the more they puzzle me. 有些人似乎容易了解：他们的个性在初次交往时就表露无遗。然而，外表可能具有欺骗性。三十年来，我一直在研究我的人类同胞，但至今了解不多。每当有人跟我说他对一个人的首次印象向来不错的时候，我就耸耸肩。我想这种人不是无知，就是自大。就我而言，我觉得，认识一个人的时间越长，就越觉得困惑。(be ignorant or self-righteous；self-centered; self-confident; self-discipline; self-educated; self-employed; self-esteem; selfish)10 As the pace of life in todays world grows ever faster, we seem forever on the go. With so much to do and so little time to do it in, how are we to cope? Dr. Smith sets about untangling the problem and comes up with an answer. 随着当今世界生活节奏日益加快，我们似乎一直在不停奔忙。事情那么多，时间却那么少，我们该怎么办？史密斯博士着手解决这一问题，并提出了解决方法。11 In America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside. Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land. Few get round to putting their dreams into practice. This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm. Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life. 在美国，不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的想象，许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场，梦想着靠土地为生。很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。或许这也没有什么不好，因为，正如吉姆多而第当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样，农耕生活远非轻松自在。但他写到，自己并不后悔，对自己做出的改变生活方式的决定仍然热情不减。12 Professor Huntingtons paper greatly inspired me. According to him, in a plural society, there will inevitably be different opinions. The key is to deal with them in such a way that they can play a constructive rather than destructive role. He argues that in a plural society we must stress/attach importance to interpersonal relationships, cooperation, and look at issues from the perspective of other people. If some groups regard themselves as superior and treat other ethnic groups or religions with disrespect, the whole society may be paralyzed. I am convinced that if we put into practice the ideas mentioned above, then there is the possibility of creating a new civilization. Huntington教授的论文使我深受启发。他认为，在一个多元化(plural)社会里，不同意见是不可避免的。关键在于怎样正确对待不同意见，使之发挥建设性、而非破坏性的作用。他还说，在一个多元化（plural）社会里，我们必须重视人际关系，强调合作，多从他人视角考虑问题。如果某些群体自视高人一筹，不尊重其他种族或宗教，那么整个社会有可能陷入瘫痪。我相信，要是我们把上述想法付诸实践，那我们就有可能创造出一种新的文明。13 Making a living as a door-to-door salesman demands a thick skin, both to protect against the weather and against constantly having the door shut in your face. Bill Porter puts up with all this and much, much more. 干挨家挨户上门推销这一营生得脸皮厚，这是因为干这一行不仅要经受风吹日晒，还要承受一次又一次的闭门羹。比尔.波特忍受着这一切，以及别的种种折磨。14 When children take up ways of making a living that differ greatly from their parents, differences in outlook can easily arise. This is what Alfred found. Brought up in the family of a building worker, education led him to develop different interests and ambitions from his father. Here he writes about how this affected their relationship. 当子女的谋生方式与父母大相径庭时，很容易产生观念上的差异。这正是Alfred的发现。他在一个建筑工人的家庭里长大，他所受的教育使他产生了不同于父亲的兴趣和抱负。他在本文中叙述了这一差异如何影响着他们的父子关系。写作练习：简单句1. 金钱不等于快乐。2. 中国女排在奥运会上所取得的胜 利对中国人民是一个巨大的鼓舞。3. 许多左撇子不得不培养自己在一个由右撇子们所主导的世界里生活的技能。4. 在北美定居下来的白人实际上并不是第一个来到新大陆的移民。5. 参与太空探索的能力代表了一个国家的科技和经济发展的水平。Money doesnt ensure/guarantee happiness.The victory of Chinese womens volleyball team at the Olympic Games was a great inspiration to all Chinese people.Many left-handed people have to learn to develop skills to live in a world dominated by right-handed people.White people settling down in the North America were actually not the first immigrants to the New World.The ability to take part in space exploration represents the level of a nations scientific and economic development.并列句1. A person stuck in an unhappy marriage faces only two options: stay married and miserable, or get divorced and, hopefully, become happy.2. In the past three decades, many countries have formulated laws and regulations to protect animals from being abused or killed, and many have set up reservation areas to protect endangered animals.3. For the rich, good education, travel, luxury and security are all readily available, while the poor attain these with great difficulty, if at all.4The more we find out about the universe, the more confused we seem to become.复合句1. Films that involve too much violence are harmful to young people.2. Some people may be addicted to netsurfing, which impairs their physical and mental health.3. The argument that human cloning may have great medical significance is totally unacceptable.4. Whether you plan to stay for a week or for a year in a new place, you will benefit from learning about the place before you go.5. Laughter is rightly called the best medicine as it relieves not only the one who laughs, but those around him as well.写作操练（英文见讲义范文第一部分）1. 载人航天飞机神州五号的成功发射及返回既是国家荣誉的一个象征，也是先进的科技能力的标志，这对我国的经济发展无疑会产生促进作用。2. 我们都知道，中国还是一个发展中的国家，其教育水平仍然落后于发达国家。不少中国年青人由于教育设施的匮乏而得不到接受高等教育的机会。3. 人道是骄兵必败。就拿拿破仑和希特勒（Napoleon and Hitler）来说吧，他们所想披靡，便以为自己战无不胜，不可阻挡。4. 常言道，好的开端是成功的一半。在求职时，求职者事先做好充分的准备是非常重要的。我认为，事先做不做准备常常会影响求职者的成功机会。5. 首先，大量阅读应被视作学习过程中的重点，因为我们是通过阅读获取最大量语言输入的。其次，尽可能多背熟一些好文章也十分重要。大脑中储存了大量很好的文章，我们在用英语表达自己思想的时候，就会觉得容易多了。6. 最后，我们应把所学到的东西用到实践中去，这是至关重要的。阅读部分94Pass 1orient：东方（the ）；定。方向（方位）Our firm is oriented towards the export side of the business.Schools have to change their management and reorient their mission and vision so as to improve the quality of education.couple：be d with (The name of Mozart is coupled with the city of Salzburg. / The bad light, coupled with the wet ground, made play very difficult.)relative to：相对于；关于或涉及某事物的the facts the problembid：投标，喊价；吩咐，命令 Several firms have bid for the contract to build the new concert hall. / The Bible, in bidding us to feed the hungry and clothe the naked, said nothing about color.regulate：控制管理The valve s the flow of water. The activities of credit companies are d by law. -deregulate 撤销管制property：财产；不动产；特性，性质 She invested her money in property (real estate). Certain plants have medicinal properties.Pass 2issue： 发行，发表，期号；问题，争端（The self-examination has involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and corporate bottom line.）credit：赊购No credit is given at this shop.；相信，信任（The rumor is gaining .）；称赞（He got all the for this discovery.）；学分gain credits in Mathscatter：(使)散开；散布The police scattered the crowd. (-scattered分散的，稀疏的 a few scattered settlements)personnel：（pl）人员，职员 Airline personnel can purchase flight tickets at reduced prices.staff：雇员，全体职员(属某人管的)The in this shop are very helpful.为。配备人员：The school is ed entirely by graduates.(该校学生都是大学毕业生)accordingly：相应地 I have told you what the situation is; you must act mote：提升His assistant was promoted over his head.；增进The organization works to promote friendship between nations. 促销 a publicity campaign to promote her new book.utility：实用，效用the value of ； 公用事业单位。Pass 3potential：n. 潜力 She has artistic as an artist.可能性 She studied the German market to find the there for profitable investment.capability 能力capacity：容纳某事的能力 a hall with a seating capacity of 2000；生产力 factories working at full capacity；理解学习的能力Pass 4drive：v. 驱动，迫使行动A man driven by jealousy is capable of anything. n. 干劲，魄力 Our salespeople need determination and drive.initiate：开始实施，开始 plans, schemes, social reformscounteract：对抗，抵消 the effects of a poison, sbs bad influence-counter-attack-counterpart：The sales director phoned her counterpart in the other firm.Pass 5laborious：艰苦的，费力的 a laborious taskotherwise：adv. 不同地 He should have been working, but he was engaged. adj. 不这样，并非如此（见本文） conj. 不然的话，否则 We must run, well be too late.alternate：交替，轮流（ work with play）；间隔的第三周写作部分上午十几年前，手机只是少数人才能使用的奢侈品，但现在手机已很普遍。手机的快速普及也许是我们时代的伟大奇迹之一。More than a decade ago, the mobile phone was a luxury for only a few, but now it is very common. The rapid spread of the mobile phone is perhaps one of the great miracles of our time.然而，外表可能具有欺骗性。就我而言，我觉得，认识一个人的时间越长，就越觉得困惑。Appearances, however, can be deceptive. For my own part I find that the longer I know people, the more they puzzle me.the longer I know a person, the more Ill be puzzled.随着当今世界生活节奏日益加快，我们似乎一直在不停奔忙。事情那么多，时间却那么少，我们该怎么办？As the pace of life in todays world grows ever faster, we seem forever on the go. With so much to do and so little time to do it in, how are we to cope?他还说，在一个多元化（plural）社会里，我们必须重视人际关系，强调合作，多从他人视角考虑问题。如果某些群体自视高人一筹，不尊重其他种族或宗教，那么整个社会有可能陷入瘫痪。He argues that in a plural society we must attach importance to interpersonal relationships, cooperation, and look at issues from the perspective of other people. If some groups regard themselves as superior and treat other ethnic groups or religions with disrespect, the whole society may be paralyzed.许多年前，在美国，家家户户白天黑夜不锁门是司空见惯的。但现在人们经常叹息，人们不再相互信任，不得不凭借精密的安全系统来保护自己和自己的财产。Years ago in America, it was customary for families to leave their doors unlocked, day and night. But now one often regrets that people can no longer trust each other and have to resort to elaborate security systems to protect themselves and their possessions.下午衰老研究领域的一些权威专家现在认为，定期锻炼加上适当的休息能增加寿命。Some of the leading experts in the field of aging now believe that regular exercise along with the proper amount of rest may actually add years to the life span.用我父母的话说，他们的童年和我的童年真有天壤之别。让当今年轻人不可思议的是，他们很少下馆子，或者去某个风景点旅游度假。In my parents words, the difference between their childhood and mine is as vast as that between heaven and earth. What is unbelievable to young people today is that they seldom dined out in a restaurant, or traveled to a scenic spot for a holiday.有些人认为，他们之所以工作是为了谋生。他们说，他们很羡慕那些不工作的人，他们梦想着过一种整天玩而不必工作的生活，无休止的放假渡假的生活。但是，难道钱真的是我们工作的唯一或主要的驱动因素吗？Some people think they work because they have to make a living. They say they envy people who dont have to work. They dream about a life of all play and no work, a life of endless vacations and holidays. But is it true that money is the only, or the main motivating power that drives us to work ?我不得不写这封信打扰您，但我相信您应该知道您的狗Rusty老是来我家找麻烦。如果您能想法别再让Rusty进入我家的院子，我将非常感激。I have to disturb you with this letter, but I am sure you would want to know that your dog Rusty has been wandering onto my property and creating some problems. I would greatly appreciate your doing whatever you can to keep Rusty from getting into our yard.麦克的母亲对儿子的学习态度很伤脑筋。当她看着他的时候，他假装在温习课堂笔记，一旦不管他，他要么泡在电脑游戏中，要么就上床睡觉。也许，对待他的教育，该考虑采用一个更有效的方法了。Mikes mother is really bugged by her sons attitude to learning. When she is keeping an eye on him, he makes like he is going over class notes. Once he is left alone, he will either be hooked on computer games or simply go to bed. Maybe it is time she adopts a more effective approach to his education.阅读部分95年pass3facilitate：使便利，使更容易facility（复）设备设施便利条件sports ies; shopping iesup-to-date：outdatedaccess to：接近、靠近（引申）The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. / Only high officials had access to the president.pass4sport：夸示炫耀 sport a moustache, a diamond ring；嬉戏玩耍 seals sporting in the waterproportionate：成比例的，与某事物相称的 The price increases are proportionate to the increases in the costs of production. disproportionatedesirable：值得有的，称心如意的a desirable residence/neighborhood/solution/ladypreoccupation（超）： with全神贯注于/如痴如迷于（如文）；心里总想着的事 A pension is not usually one of the s of an eighteen year-old.pass 5evolutionary interpretation进化论诠释natural selection自然选择adaptive适应性adaptive flexibility灵活的适应relief：（痛苦、困苦、忧虑等的）减轻解除The drug gives some relief from pain./ I breathed a sigh of relief when I heard that he was safe. /Much to my relief, I wasnt late. /It is a great relief to find you here. relievesuffer：遭受苦头；变坏，变差，变糟Your studies will suffer if you play too much tennis.96年pass1routine：固定而有规则的程序，常规She found it difficult to establish a new after retirement.account：户头，帐户open/close an ；叙述，报告 She gave the police a full of the incident.ware：(pl)商品（常指不在店里的）display / peddle ones waresregarding：=with reference to / concerning关于 She said nothing regarding your request.pass2cover(age)：（新闻记者）报道 the Labor Partys annual conferencesubscribe (to)：订阅，订购 Which journal do you ?；赞成 Do you the pessimistic view of the state of the economy?pass3liability：责任义务 for military service；(复)债务 assets & liabilities-liable：be for负法律责任； to do sth 易于 We are all make mistakes when tired.engage：聘用She was engaged as an interpreter. 占用（时间），吸引（注意力）Nothing engages his attention for long. / The womans plight engaged our sympathy. -I have no time to engage in gossip. -be engaged withspoil：破坏，糟蹋 holidays spoilt by bad weather. / Dont spoil your appetite by eating sweets between meals. 宠坏 That little girl is terribly spoilt.impersonal：不带有个人情感的 interpersonal relationshipdetach：拆开，分开detach a link from the chain。 -detached超然的，冷静的her detached response to the crisis -attach：attach a label to the luggage；attach importance tospring up：迅速或突然出现、发生weeds springing up everywhere / New houses were springing up all over the town.discipline：训练磨练Strict discipline is imposed on army recruits.；纪律作风The children are happy at school, but they lack discipline.处罚（见文）；学科scientific disciplinespass 4renew：重新做，恢复 We renewed our journey the next day.；续期，延长 renew a passport/permit/lease/contract, renew ones library books, renew ones subscription to a journal.take to：逐渐惯于做 take to sleeping late / He took to gardening in his retirement.reduceto：使陷入某种状态The reform has reduced us all to servants of the State. Overwork has reduced him to a physical wreck. The earthquake reduced the whole town to rubble. 将概括或简化为某形式reduce a problem to two main issuespass 5第四周写作部分上午人道是骄兵必败。就拿拿破仑和希特勒（Napoleon and Hitler）来说吧，他们所想披靡，便以为自己战无不胜，不可阻挡。但俄罗斯的冰雪战士(icy defender)证明他们错了。They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, they won many victories, which led them to believe that anything was possible and that nothing could stand in their way. But Russias icy defe