化学专业基础英语重点句子翻译.doc

alkali metal（碱金属） alkaline earth metal（碱土金属） halogen（卤素） chalcogen（氧族元素）metal（金属） noble gas（惰性气体） nonmetal（非金属） transition metal（过渡金属）Certain grouping of the periodic table are designated by a special names. The heavy ，stepped，diagonal line on the table divides the elements into two major classes. Those to the left of the line are called metals（金属） and those to the right， nonmetals（非金属）. Group IA elements are known as alkali metal（碱金属）；group IIA are alkaline earth metal（碱土金属）；group VIA elements are known as the chalcogen（氧族元素）；Group VIIA halogen（卤素）.The group at the cstreme right of the table contains the noble gas（惰性气体）.All the Groups B elements are called transition mental（过渡金属）。重点词汇中国科学院 Chinese Academy of Science能量守恒定律 the law of conservation of energy道尔顿分压定律 Daltons law of partial pressure有效数字 significant figures孤对电子 lone pair electrons摩尔焓 Molar enthalpy氨水 ammonia water稀土元素 Rare Earth Elements系统误差 systematic errors电子云 Electron cloud定量分析 quantitative analysisIUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry 国际纯粹与应用化学联合会STP standard temperature and pressure内能 internal energy理想气体 perfect gas / an ideal gas1、By a variety of laboratory techniques (some simple and some complex ),they analyse or otherwise lest materials which are to be used or the product of a chemical factory (be it a drug factory,a food factory or a steel mill) to ensure that these products are uniform and pure.按照各种各样的实验技术（一些简单和一些复杂的）来对一家化工厂所用的以及生产的产品进行分析和试验（它是一家药物工厂，一家食品厂或是一家钢厂）以保证得到的这些产品是均匀的和纯净的。2、In fact，when i submitted my first major paper on the discovery of the crown ethers ,the editor of journal of the American chemical society , Marshall gates .remarked that my description were replete with industrial jargon . Fortunately he published the paper anyway.实际上，当我第一次提交关于我发现冠状醚的论文时，美国化学学会的编辑Marshall gates指出我的描述充满了工业术语，幸运的是他发表了那篇文章。3、Be meticulous (very exact and careful ) in recording the true observation even though you know something else should happen. Ask youself why the particular behaviour was observed . Consult your instructor (teacher) if necessary.记录真实的观察、要特别仔细 （非常精细和小心）尽管你“知道”别的什么事将发生。问问自己为什么选择这个特殊的行为被发现。如果必要的话，可以想你的老师咨询。4、Pharmaceutical chemistry is concerned with drugs their manufacture,their composition .and their effects upon body.制药化学跟药物的这些有关系：它们的制造，它们的成份和它们对身体的影响。5、A molecule is the smallest particle of a pure substance that has the composition and properties of a pure substance that has the composition and properties of that substance and is capable of independent existence一个分子是一种纯物质的最小粒子，该物质具有组成和性能独立存在的能力。.6、The vapor-liquid equilibrium curve leminates at the cricical point at which the densties of the liquid and the vapor have pccome equal and the boundary between the phases disappears气液体平衡曲线的终点临界点是液体的密度和水蒸汽密度相等，并且分界线是介于两相消失之间。7、Double bonds or polar bonds provide sites where reaction is more likely to occur.Unsaturated hydrocarbons readily undergo addition reactions:aromatic compounds tend to undergo substitution reactions.双建或极性键提供了反应很有可能发生的位置。不饱和烃常常发生加成反应：芳香化合物趋于发生取代反应。8、What is called the heisenberg uncertainty principle may be stated as follows:It is impossible to know simultaneously both the exact momentum and the exact position of an electron.Heisenberg测不准原理是什么可被描述如下：不可能同时知道一个电子的准确的动量和准确的位置。9、Such reactions are most often carried out in the presence of organic base such as pyridine which both catalyzes the reaction and neutralizes the HCL formed as a byproduct.这样的一种反应最常实现实在有机碱中，比如嘧啶，发生了催化反应和HCL形成副产品。10、Each chlorine atom in the chlorine molecule counts eight electrons around itself and concludes that it has an arrangement like that of the noble gas argon.氯分子中的每个氯原子的周围含有8个电子，并且得到的氯原子具有与惰性气体氩气相类似结构的结论。11、What active ingredients in acids and bases produce their specific properties？Why are some acids, like citric acid in fruits,comparatively tame and other, like battery acid,so harsh?酸跟碱中的有效成分使他们具有特殊的性能?为什么一些酸如在水果中含有柠檬酸，酸性会比较淡，而在电池中的酸，酸性会那么强？1、what mass of H2SO4 can be produced in the process given below if 12T of Fe2S is used? The equation for the process are FeS2(S)+O2(g)Fe2O3(s)+SO2(g)SO2(g) +O2(g) SO3(g)SO3(g)+ H2SO4(l) H2S2O7(l)H2S2O7(l)+H2O(l) H2SO4(aq)解；根据上式得关系FeS22SO2H2SO4 120 196 12T X得X=(12T*196)/120=19.6T2、Cyanogen is 46.2% carbon and 53.8% nitrogen by mass . At a temperature of 25 and a pressure of 750 Torr , 1.00g of Cyanogen occupies 0.476L .Determine the empirical formula and the molecular formula of the cyanogens.解；（1）设经验式CXNY ,由46.2%/12=53.8%/141=1所以设经验式CN(2)设分子式（CN）n ,由PV=（m/M）RTT=25+273.15=298.15K; P=250*133.322100Kpa;R=8.314 M=Mrt/pv=(1.00*8.314*298.15)/(100*0.476)=52.08g由（14+12）n=52.08 得n=2 所以分子式为（CN）2 食品药物管理局food and Adminstration 仲secondary 叔tertiory 季 quarternary 正烷烃hydrocarbons 烯烃alkenes 炔烃alkynes 三重键triple bands 衍生derived from 共轭单键covalent single bonds烷基alkyc 低分子醇更易与水混合no moleecder masses are miscible with water烷基或芳卤Aljyc or arye hwlides 不耐烦at the end of my tether除。之外in addition toIn spite of the fact that his initial experiments had failedChemical process have been present in the live of people from the dreon of history till the present time化学过程一直存在于人类的生活当中，从最古老的历史到现在2chemical principles play arole in everything from lieather pettems to brain . ficnctions the cperation of a conpeater从气象类型到电脑的操作运行的脑功能每件事中化学原理都起一定的作用3 his suggestion is a step beyond that Acper prcpised ，but both have in command the fact ，But they both have the effect of oxygen free radicals involved in the reaction is in fact a common concept这个建议相比于Alper所提出的是个飞跃，但是他们两者却在氧效应中自由基与反应事实上有共同的观点。4 Acids and bases, which is what the active component so that they have the special nature?Why some acids, such as citric acid in the fruit will be relatively mild, and other like battery acid will be so dramatic酸和碱当中，是什么活性组份让它们具有了其特殊的性质呢？为什么有些酸，例如水果中的柠檬酸会比较温和，而其他的像电池里的酸性物质会如此剧烈正比例:dire