Quiz for linguistics - 习题整理含答案.doc

Quiz for linguistics:Chapter 1: Linguistics and Language语言和语言学1. Which of the following is the most important function of language?a. Interpersonal functionb. Performative functionc. Informative function d. Recreational function2. _ studies speech sounds, including the production of speech, the sounds of speech, the description and classification of speech sounds, words and connected speech, etc.a. Phonology b. Phonetics c. Morphology d. Pragmatics3. _ function refers to expressions that help define and maintain interpersonal relations.a. Performative b. Interpersonal c. Phatic d. Metalingual4. _ means the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.a. Creativity b. Duality c. Arbitrariness d. Displacement5. By _ it means that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places.a. arbitrariness b. duality c. creativity d. displacement6. _ distinguishes the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual production of speeches.a. Chomsky b. Saussure c. Gilman d. Brown7. _ refers to the actual use of language in concrete situations.a. Competence b. Performance c. Eloquence d. Action8. _ is the study of the characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of their functions and the characteristics of their speakers as these three constantly interact and change within a speech community.a. Psycholinguistics b. Sociolinguistics c. Anthropological linguistics d. Computational linguistics9. _ studies the rules governing the combination of words into sentences.a. Pragmatics b. Semantics c. Syntax d. Phonetics10. _ is a branch of linguistics concerned in principle with the physical representation of language or linguistic processes in the brain.a. Anthropological linguistics b. Psychological linguisticsc. Computational linguistics d. Neurolinguistics11. The study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication is _ (大纲样题)a. morphology b. general linguistics c. phonology d. semantics12. Syntax is the study of _. (2005年真题)a. language function b. sentence structures c. textual organization d. word formation13. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language? (2005年真题)a. arbitrariness b. productivity c. cultural transmission d. finiteness14. The distinction between parole and langue was made by _. (2006年真题)a. Halliday b. Chomsky c. Bloomfield d. Saussure15. _ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation. (2007年真题)a. Phonology b. Morphology c. Semantics d. Sociolinguistics16. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language? (2008年真题)a. Arbitrariness b. Displacement c. Duality d. Diachronicity17. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is _. (2009年真题)a. corpus linguistics b. sociolinguistics c. theoretical linguistics d. pysholinguistics18. Language is a tool of communication. The symbol “Highway Closed” on a highway serves _. (2010年真题)a. an expressive function. b. an informative function.c. a performative function. d. a persuasive function.19. _ is defined as the study of the relationship between language and mind. (2011年真题)a. Semantics b. Pragmatics c. Cognitive linguistics d. Sociolinguistics20. Saussure distinguishes the linguistic competence of the speaker as _a. parole b. language c. system d. langue语音学1. _ is the study of the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech.a. Acoustic phonetics b. Articulatory phoneticsc. Auditory phonetics d. Pragmatics2. When _ is produced, complete closure of the articulators is involved so that the airstream cannot escape through the mouth.a. fricative b. stop c. affricate d. lateral3. In the production of vowels, air is _ as is the case with consonants.a. not obstructed b. obstructed c. semi-obstructed d. half-obstructed4. The idea of establishing a phonetic alphabet was first proposed by the _ grammarian Otto Jespersen in 1886.a. English b. American c. Danish d. French5. The present system of the IPA derives mainly from one developed in the _ by the British phonetician, Daniel Jones and his colleagues at University of London.a. 1910s b. 1920s c. 1930s d. 1940s6. To be specific, _ deals with how speech sounds are produced.a. articulatory phonetics b. acoustic phonetics c. auditory phonetics d. phonological phonetics7. All the following are the description of P EXCEPT _.a. stop b. bilabial c. alveolar d. consonant8. If a single movement from one element to a second element of the tongue is involved, the combine vowels are called _.a. monophthongs b. triphthongs c. cardinal vowels d. diphthongs9. The most famous cardinal vowel system put forward by Daniel Jones defines _ primary cardinal vowels.a. 7 b. 8 c. 9 d. 1010. The followings belong to affricates EXCEPT _.a. ts b. l c. D d. tr11. According to the part of the tongue which is raised, the vowels can be divided into the following three kinds, EXCEPT for _.a. front b. middle c. central d. back12. A vowel is different from a consonant in English because of _. (2011年真题)a. absence of obstruction b. presence of obstructionc. manner of articulation d. place of articulation13. If the air stream meets with no obstruction when a sound is pronounced, it is a(n) _.a. voiced consonant b. voiceless consonant c. vowel d. explosive14. The internationally accepted system of phonetic transcription is _.a. I.P.A b. I.A.P.S c. I.S.S d. S.S.I.P音位学1. _ refers to two words in a language which differ from each other by only one distinctive sound (one phoneme) and which also differ in meaning.a. Ahoneme b. A minimal pair c. Allophone d. Free variation2. Phonology is the study of _.a. how speech sounds are made b. the sound system of languagesc. speech sounds are transmitted d. how speech sounds are received3. The following are the principle suprasegmental features EXCEPT _.a. syllable b. stress c. tone d. phoneme4. Which aspect does NOT belong to the phonological process?a. A set of sounds to undergo the processb. A set of sounds produced by the processc. The length of the sounds in the processd. A set of situations in which the process applies5. _ refers to the sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or one shape of word from another in a given language.a. Phone b. Allophone c. Phoneme d. Morpheme6. The open syllable refers to the syllable that has no _.a. coda b. onset c. nucleus d. rhyme7. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in what we call tone languages. Which of the following is tone language?a. English b. Chinese c. both English and Chinese d. Neither English nor Chinese8. If two phonetically similar sounds are two distinctive phonemes, they are said to form a _.a. minimal pair b. complementary distributionc. phonemic contrast d. minimal set9. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature in English phonology?a. aspiration b. plosiveness c. bilabiality d. voicelessness形态学1. _ is a unit that cannot be divided into smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical.a. Phoneme b. Morpheme c. Lexeme d. Phone2. The words such as dog, nation and close are _.a. affixes b. free morphemes c. bound morphemes d. compounds3. The words such as “smog” and ”brunch” are called _.a. abbreviation b. acronym c. back-formation d. blending4. For example, the word bead originally means “prayer”, but later it refers to “the prayer bead”, and finally “small, ball-shaped piece of glass, metal or wood”. It is called _.a. meaning shift b. broadening c. narrowing d. borrowing5. “Kodak” is a/an _.a. acronym b. blending c. coinage d. clipping6. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are _.a. grammatical wordsb. lexical wordsc. both grammatical words and lexical wordsd. neither grammatical words nor lexical words7. Pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and articles are _.a. open-class wordsb. closed-class wordsc. both open-class words and closed wordsd. neither open-class nor closed-class words 8. In terms of _, words can be divided into closed-class words and open-class words.a. meaning b. variability c. quality d. membership9. _ refers to any morphemes or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added. It can be equivalent to a root, or a root and a derivational affix.a. affix b. root c. stem d. suffix10. In the following words foot/feet, goose/geese, the affixes belong to _.a. suffix b. infix c. prefix d. root 11. Which of the following is NOT a compound word? （大纲样题）a. Landlady b. Greenhouse c. Uplift d. Unacceptable12. The word holiday originally meant “holy day”; but now the word signifies “any day on which we dont have to work”. This is an example of _. （大纲样题）a. meaning shift b. widening of meaningc. narrowing of meaning d. loss of meaning13. The word “motel” comes from “motor + hotel”. This is an example of_ in morphology. (2010年全真)a. backformation b. conversionc. blendingd. acronym14. _ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation. (2007年全真）a. Phonology b. Morphology c. Semantics d. Sociolinguistics句法学1. _ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation of sentence.a. Morphology b. Syntax c. Phonetics d. Semantics2. Which one of the following does NOT belong to English cases?a. Nominative b. Accusative c. Genitive d. Dative 3. When a word of a certain class determines the form of others in terms of category, it is referred to as _.a. generation b. government c. transformation d. negation4. _ refers to the extent to which the sentence element contributes to the development of the communication.a. C-command b. Immediate constituent analysis c. Deep structure d. Communicative dynamism5. _ is a general term for verbal category that distinguish the status of events, etc. in relation to specific period of times, as opposed to their simple location in the present, past, or future. a. tense b. time c. mood d. aspect6. The relation between elements that form part of the same form, sequence, construction, etc., e.g. between s, p, and r in a form such as spring, or between a subject and a verb in constructions such as Bill hunts is called _.a. syntagmatic relation b. paradigmatic relation b. positional relation d. relation of subsitutablity7. In English, theme and rheme are expressed by _.a. subject and object b. subject and predicate c. predicate and object d. object and predicate8. Classical Creek and Arabic have a third number: _, something like the English “both”. a. single b. plural c. dual d. trial9. Another method to analyze a sentence from the functional perspective is _, which is proposed by J. Firbas.a. C-command b. immediate constituent analysis c. deep structure d. communicative dynamism 10. Those constructions where there is only one head, with the head dominant and the other constituents being modifiers, are _.a. endocentric constructions b. exocentric constructionsc. deep structure d. surface structure11. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry.”? (2008年真题) a. a simple sentence b. a coordinate sentence c. a complex sentence d. none of the above12. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT _. (2007年真题) a. lexical b. syntactic c. phonological d. psycholinguistic13. Syntax is the study of _. (2005年全真)a. language functions. b. sentence structures. c. textual organization. d. word formation.语义学1. More specifically, _ is the study of the meaning of linguistic units, words and sentences in particular.a. pragmatics b. semantics c. syntax d. phonology2. In the semantic triangle by Ogden and Richards, the SYMBOL or FORM refers to _.a. the linguistic elements (words, phrases)b. the object in the world of experiencec.conceptd. idea3. The words with more or less the same meaning used in different regional dialects are called _.a. dialectal synonyms b. collocational synonymsc. stylistic synonyms d. complementary antonymy4. The word “table” has at least the six meanings such as “a piece of furniture”, “all the people seated at a table”, etc. It can be called _.a. polysemy b. antonymy c. homonymy d. hyponymy5. The relation between “dog” and “animal” is that of _.a. synonymy b. antonymy c. homonymy d. hyponymy6. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called _. (2009年真题)a. dialect b. idiolect c. pidgin d. register7. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called _. (2008年真题)a. hyponymy b. synonymy c. polysemy d. homonymy8. The word tail once referred to the “tail of a horse”, but now it is used to mean “the tail of any animal”. This is an example of _.(2007年真题)a. widening of meaning b. narrowing of meaningc. meaning shift d. loss of meaning9. The word “kid, child, offspring” are examples of _. (2006年真题)a. dialectal synonyms b. stylistic synonyms c. emotive synonyms d. collocational synonyms10. The noun “tear” and the verb “tear” are _.a. homophones b. homographsc. complete homonymsd. allophones语用学1. Pragmatics is generally the study of natural language understanding, and specifically the study of how _ influences the interpretation of meanings.a. word b. context c. sentence d. language form2. Speech Act Theory is the first major theory in the study of language in use, which originated with the Oxford philosopher _.a. Herbert Paul Grice b. Dan Sperberc. Deirdre Wilson d. John Langshaw Austin3. A(n) _ is using a sentence to perform a function.a. Locutionary Act b. Illocutionary Actc. Perlocutionary Act d. In-locutionary Act4. The second major theory in pragmatics is the theory of conversational implicature, proposed by Oxford philosopher _.a. J. Austin b. Halliday c. Herbert Paul Grice d. Saussure5. The following maxims are the Cooperative Principles Except _.a. quantity maxim b. quality maxim c. distance maxim d. relation maxim6. Which of the following is NOT the characteristic of Implicature?a. calculability b. cancellability c. non-detachability d. changeability7. Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson argue that all Gricean maxims should be reduced to a single principle of _.a. relevance b. coordination c. agreement d. reciprocity8. The notion of _ is essential to the pragmatic study of language?a. communication b. context c. speech act theory d. words9. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing _. (2009年真题)a. an illocutionary act b. a perlocutionary act c. a locutionary act d. none of the above10. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of _. (2006年真题)a. reference b. meaning c. antonymy d. context11. The speech act theory was first put forward by _. (2005年真题)a. John Searle b. John Austin c. Noam Chomsky d. M.A.K Halliday12. The force of a/an _ act is identical with the speakers intention.a. illocutionaryb. locutionaryc. perlocutionaryd. Prelocutionary其他1. The definition “the act of using, or promoting the use of several languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers” refers to _. (2011年全真)a. pidgin b. creole c. multilingualism d. bilingualism2. _ refers to the learning and development of a language. (2010年全真)a. Language acquisitionb. Language comprehensionc. Language productiond. Language instruction3. A special language variety that mixes languages and