whatever,whoever,whichever引导的名词性从句.doc

一、基本用法概说英语中的-ever 词主要包括 whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however 等，其中可引导名词性从句的主要有 whatever, whoever, whichever。这里所说的名词性从句主要指主语从句和宾语从句，它们通常不用于引导同位语从句，同时也很少用于引导表语从句。如： Whatever he said was right. 无论他说什么都是对的。(引导主语从句)I dont believe whatever he said. 无论他说什么我都不信。(引导宾语从句)在某些特定的语境中，也可用于引导表语从句。如：What he wants to get is whatever you have. 他想得到的是你所拥有的一切。二、whatever引导的名词性从句 whatever的意思是“所的一切事或东西”，可视为what的强调说法，其含义大致相当于anything that，whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语。如：Do whatever she tells you and youll have peace. 她叫你干什么你就干什么，那你就太平了。I dont believe in letting children do whatever they like. 我不赞成让孩子为所欲为。Goats eat whatever food they can find. 山羊找到什么食物就吃什么食物。三、whoever引导的名词性从句whoever的意思“任何的人”，在意义上大致相当于 anybody who。whoever在从句中可用作主语或宾语。如：Ill take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。Whoever says that is a liar. 说那话的人是个骗子。She can marry whoever she chooses. 她愿意嫁谁就嫁谁。Ill give the ticket to whoever wants it. 谁想要这票，我就把它给谁。Tell whoever you like it makes no difference to me. 你爱告诉谁就告诉谁吧，对我是无所谓的。注：whoever既用作主语也可用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever，因为在现代英语中whomever已几乎不用)。另外，注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子：谁赢了都可以获奖。误：Who wins can get a prize. 误：Anyone wins can get a prize. 正：Whoever wins can get a prize.正：Anyone who wins can get a prize.四、whichever引导的名词性从句whichever的意思“的那个人或事物”，在意义上大致相当于 the person or the thing that。whichever在从句中可用作主语、宾语或定语。如：You can pick whichever one you like. 你喜欢哪个就挑哪个。Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize. 你们谁第一谁就能得奖。Well eat at whichever restaurant has a free table. 哪个饭馆有空桌我们就在哪儿吃吧。Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking. 我们当中无论哪个先到家，哪个就先开始做饭。五、引导状语从句的用法whatever, whoever, whichever除用于引导的名词性从句外，还可用于引导状语从句，分别相当于 no matter what, no matter who, no matter which。如：Ill stand by you whatever =no matter what happens. 无论如何我都支持你。Whoever =No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them Im busy. 不管谁