英语四级翻译(技巧加题目加答案)doc.doc

本文由luhanbiao123贡献 doc文档可能在WAP端浏览体验不佳。建议您优先选择TXT，或下载源文件到本机查看。 大学英语四级考试翻译题轻松拿高分 一、这里是一些翻译题怎样做的小技巧 翻译的实践性决定了一个事实，即要做好翻译，必须 加强这方面的训练，因为大家都明白“熟能生巧”的道理。 同时，掌握一定的翻译技巧和方法也是必需的。好的方法不 但可以帮助我们解决一些翻译难题，保证我们译文的质量， 而且大大地省去了动笔前绞尽脑汁地探求“最佳译法”的过 程，为考试节约了宝贵的时间。根据四级考试新题型的特点 和要求，有针对性地总结了一些对应试有所帮助的翻译技巧 和方法，以供大家参考。 1. 词语层次 对单句翻译，主要体现在词语层次方面的翻译，常见 的理论有：词语选择法、词义引申法、词义褒贬法、正反译 法、词类转换法、增译法、省略法等。 (1) 词语选择法 由于汉语和英语的表达习惯和 词语搭配的不同，同一个汉语词语与不同的词语搭配时，英 文译文会用到不同的词语来表达。因此，必须根据词汇的搭 配关系和句子中充当的成分来确定译文所选词语。 (2) 词义引申法 在翻译过程中，有时会遇到一些 无法找到对等英语词汇的情况，这就需要根据其基本词义进 行引申。 (3) 词义褒贬法 由于在汉语的表达中褒贬意义 通常很明显，而英语词汇中很多词都是中性的，其褒贬含义 有时不是很明显，因此在翻译时，要尽量选择能表现褒贬色 彩的词语。 (4) 正反译法 由于语言习惯的不同，汉英两种语 言在正说与发说方面也常常不同。英语中有些从正面说，汉 语则从反面来解释;而对那些从反面说的句子，汉语则可以 从正面来解释。 (5) 词类转换法 由于英汉两种语言的结构和表达 方式不同，很多情况下，找不到意思对等而且词性相同的词 语或短语，这时就必须根据英语的语言表达习惯，对词类进 行转换。 (6) 增译法 在翻译时，有时为了使所翻译的译 文更符合英语的表达习惯而增加一些必要的词语。指根据英 汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译 时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包 含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多， 而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时 候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be” 结构来翻译以外， 一般都要根据语境补出主语， 使句子完整。 英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法 上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的 器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加 上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英 译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词 组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则 往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时 常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在 汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语 和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总 之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译 文意思的明确。 (7) 省译法 汉语中为了讲究句子的平衡、气势、 韵调，常常使用排比、对仗、重复等修辞手段。因此汉语句 子中，一些词或词组重复使用的现象和结构类似、含义相同 的几个词组连用的现象是相当普遍的。因此在翻译时，原文 中含义重复的词语往往只译出其中的一个。这是与增译法相 对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言 习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。 2. 语句层次 对单句的翻译有时还涉及到了语句层次上的技巧，其中 包括： (1) 拆句法和合并法 这是两种相对应的翻译方 法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较 简单的句子，通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并 成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合，结构较松散， 因此简单句较多;英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较 多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、 不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英 译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、 关系副词、 主谓连接处、 并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处，以及意群结 束处将长句切断，译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语 语序，顺译全句，顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的 句法修辞原则。 (2) 倒置法 汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往 往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修 饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置 法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法 进行前后调换，按意群或进行全部倒置，原则是使汉语译句 安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也 用于汉译英。 (3) 成分转译法 英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不 尽相同， 在具体英译汉时， 有时往往需要转换一下句子成分， 才能使译达到逻辑正确、通顺流畅、重点突出等目的。句子 成分转译作为翻译的一种技巧，其内容和形式都比较丰富， 运用范围也相当广泛：主语可以变成状语、定语、宾语、表 语;谓语可以变成主语、定语、表语;定语可以变成状语、主 语;宾语可以变成主语等等。 以下是历年来的四级真题 以下是历年来的四级真题，供大家参考 2006 年 6 月 17 日 87 87The substance does not dissolve in water (不管是否加热) (不管是否加热)。 不管是否加热 88 (他向我收费过高 他向我收费过高) 88 Not only (他向我收费过高 )， but he did not do a good repair job either. 89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing (与我的相比) (与我的相比) 与我的相比 90. On average, it is said, visitors spend only (一半的钱) (一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London. 一半的钱 91. By contrast, American mothers were more likely ( 于) natural talent. 把 孩 子 的 成 功 归 因 答 案 87 whether (it is) heated or not 88 did he charge me too much /did he overchar 89 compared with mine /in comparison with mine 90 91 half as much money to attribute their childrens success to /to have a belief that their childrens success to 2006 年 6 月 24 日 . 87.Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble 找到去历史博物馆的路). (找到去历史博物馆的路). 88. ( 为 了 挣 钱 供 我 上 学)， Mother often takes on more work than is good for he r. 89.The professor required that ( 我们交研究报 告 )。 我愈糊涂). 90.The more you explain, (我愈糊涂). 91.Though a skilled worker, ( 他 被 公 司 解 雇 了) last week because of the economic crisis. 答 案 87finding the way to the history museum 88In order to support my university studies (to finance my education) 89 we hand in our research report(s) 90 the more confused I am 91 he was fired by the company 2006 年 12 月 23 日 87.Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is 适应不同文化中的生活). not easy to (适应不同文化中的生活). 88.Since 88.Since my childhood I have found that (没有 什么比读书对我更有吸引力). 什么比读书对我更有吸引力). 89.The victim (本来会有机会活下 来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. 90.Some psychologists claim that people (出 门在外时可能会感到孤独). 门在外时可能会感到孤独). nation 91.The nation s population continues to rise (以每年 1200 万 人的速度). 人的速度). 答 案 87adapt to lives in different cultures/adapt (onesel f) to living in different cultures 88nothing is more attractive/appealing to me than read ing 89would have a chance to survive 90might feel lonely when they are away from home/might feel lonely when away from home 91at the rate of 12 million people per year/at the spee d of 12 million people every year 2007 年 6 月 23 日 87.The finding of this study failed to 将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内). (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内). treatment 88.The prevent and treatment of AIDS is 我们可以合作的领域). (我们可以合作的领域). 89.Because of the leg injury, the athlete 决定退出比赛). (决定退出比赛). 90.To make donations or for more information, please 按以下地址和我们联系). (按以下地址和我们联系). 91.Please come here at ten tomorrow morning 如果你方便的话). (如果你方便的话). 答案 87 take peoples sleep quality into account 88the field (where) we can cooperate / the field in whic h we can cooperate 89 decided to quit the match 90 contact us at the following address 91 if it is convenient for you / at your convenience 2007 年 12 月 22 日 多亏了一系列的新发明) 87. (多亏了一系列的新发明)， doctors can treat this disease successfully. 88.In my sixties, one change I notice is that 我比以前更容易累了). (我比以前更容易累了). 89.I am going to pursue this course, 无论我要作出什么样的牺牲). (无论我要作出什么样的牺牲). 90.I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a depa rtment store because ( 它 更 方 便 和 省 时). 91.Many Americans live on credit, and their quality o 是用他们能够借到多少 f life ( 是用 他们能够借到多少 来衡量的) 来衡量的)， 答 案 87 Owing to (或 thanks to) a series of new inventions 88I am apt to 或 inclined to be more easily tired than before 89 no matter what sacrifices I will make 90 91 the former is more convenient and time-saving is weighed upon how much they can borrow not how much they can earn. 2008 年 6 月 87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this (能应用于新技术的开发 能应用于新技术的开发) research (能应用于新技术的开发) can 88. I cant boot my computer now. Something (一定出了毛病 一定出了毛病) (一定出了毛病) with its operation system. Leaving one (不管是什么工作 不管是什么工作), 89. Leaving ones job, (不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. (与我成长的地方相比 与我成长的地方相比) 90. (与我成长的地方相比)，this town is more prosperous and exciting. (直到他完成使命 直到他完成使命)did 91. (直到他完成使命)did he ill. realize that he was seriously ill. 答 案 87.could be applied to the development of the new technology 88.must be out of control 89. no matter what kind of job it is/no matter what it is 90. Being compared with the place where I grew up/ Compared with the place where I grew up 91. Not until he had finished his mission 接下来是一些练习题 希望能够帮助大家练练手 1.I have had great deal of trouble.(跟得上班上的 其他同学) 答案：1. keeping up with the rest of the class. 2.(我们没有人料到主席会出现) at the party. We thought he was still in hospital. 答案：2. none of us expected the chairman to turn up 3. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,(正如预料的那样). 答案：3. as was to be expected 4. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much(是一门科学，也是一门艺术). 答案：4. an art as it is a science 5. Some women (本来能够挣一份 很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family. 答案：5. could have made a good salary. 6.Over a third of the population was estimated(无法获得) to the health service. 答案：6. to have no access 7. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used(习惯了学生迟到) his lecture. 答案：7. to students being late for 8. The price of beer(从 50 美分到 4 美 元不等) per liter during the summer season. 答案：8. ranges/varies from 50 cents to $4 9.We like (预订一张餐桌) five d for dinner this evening. 答案：9. to reserve a table for 10. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means(想找麻烦). 答案：10. to make trouble 11. It may be necessary to stop(每隔时间) in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons. 答案：11. at intervals 12. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he (伤害自己). 答案：12. injure himself 13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was(忙着准备) her examination. 答案：13. busy preparing for 14. The ships generator broke down and the pumps(不得不用手工操作) instead of mechanically. 答案：14. had to be operated manually 15. Why didnt you tell me you could me the money? I (本来不必从银行借钱的) 答案：15. neednt have borrowed it from the bank. 16.By the time you get to New York, I(已经动身去) London. 答案：16. shall have left for 17. Buying clothes(是一件 很耗时的工作), because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her. 答案：17. is often a very time-consuming job 18. Its time(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown. 答案：18. something was done/some measures were taken 19. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon(克服了这种心理). 答案：19. overcame it/got over it 20. Please dont stand in the kitchen, you re(挡路了). 答案：20. in the way 接着是一些翻译题中经常需要用的专有名词： 接着是一些翻译题中经常需要用的专有名词： 校园生活类： 1. 校园生活类： 1) 大学学习类： 大学学习类： assignment 作业 application form 申请表 instructor 辅导老师 (对学生的学习情况 对学生的学习情况) assessment (对学生的学习情况)评估 arrangement 课程安排 dean 导师 credit 学分 course enrolment enrolmentregister for 注册 oral examination 口试 graduate school 研究生院 recommendation 推荐信 postgraduate 研究生 president 校长 course 必修课 coursecompulsory required coursecompulsory letter of participation 出勤 optional course 选修课 school of Arts and Sciences score scoremark 分数 文理学院 examination take an examinationsit an examination 参加考试 undergraduate 本科生 2) 大学生活类： 大学生活类： call slip 索书单 campus cafeteria 自助小餐厅 校园 club 学生俱乐部 current issues 本期刊物 back issues 过期刊物 current account 现金帐户 catalogue 目录 dining hall 食 deposit money in a bank 存钱 堂 dormitory 宿舍 library card 借书卡 期罚款 (借书 借书) renew (借书)续借 心 society 学生社团 withdraw withdrawdraw cash 取钱 lecture hall 阶梯教室 overdue and pay a fine 过 mall shopping mallcentre 购物中 student union 学生会 2. 1) 交通规则类： 交通规则类： 交通旅游类： 交通旅游类： crash 撞车 amber light 黄灯 cross road 十字路 excessive drive without license 无证驾驶 speed 超速 green light 绿灯 road 窄路 red light 红灯 parking place 停车场 traffic light 红绿灯 traffic police 交通警察 交通规则 2) traffic jam 交通拥挤 narrow speed speed limit 速度限制 traffic regulation zebra stripes 斑马线 旅游类词汇： 旅游类词汇： check结帐离开(退房) check-out 结帐离开(退房) oneone-way ticket 单程机票 room service 客 checkcheck-in 登记入住 holiday resort 度假区 place of sightseeing 游览胜地 房服务 roundticket round-trip ticket 来回机票 观光旅游 starstar-rated hotel 星级饭店 队 tour guide 导游 sightseeing tour tour group 旅游团 travel service 旅行社 vacation tour 度假旅游 游胜地 社会热点类： 3) 社会热点类： tourist attraction 旅 bid for the Olympic Games 申办奥运会 birth control 计划生育 brain drain 人才外流 economy bubble economy 泡沫经济 care for senior citizens 关心老年人 comprehensive national power 综合国力 compulsory education 义务教育 computer crime 电脑犯罪 divorce 离婚 dropout student 失学儿童 globalization economic globalizationeconomic integration 经济 全球化 alldevelopment education for all-round development 素质教育 examexam-oriented education 应试教育 intellectual property rights 知识产权 juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪 knowledgeknowledge-based economy 知识经济 laidlaid-off worker 下岗职工 migrant worker 民工 net friend 网友 线 net citizen 网民 off line 下 online love affair 网恋 oriented people orientedpeople foremost 以人为本 pioneering spirit 首创精神 preserve the ecological environment 保护生态环境 prime time 黄金时段 puppy love 早恋 rate of unemployment 失业率 rural population 乡村人口 selfself-protection awareness 自我保护意识 selfticketing self-service ticketing 无人售票 shopping online 网上购物 single parent family 单亲家庭 surf the Internet 网上冲浪 sustainable development 可持续发展 team spirit 团队精神 reduce study load 学生减负 students university students innovative undertaking 大 学生创业 virtual net 虚拟网络 winsituation win-win situation 双赢局面 assistant president 总裁助理 eliminate illiteracy 扫盲 excusive agency 专卖店 New Human Being 新新人类 online trading platform 网上交易平台 living cost of livingincome maintenance 生活费用 advance with times 与时俱进 最后， 最后，这是我们准备的翻译必备句型 翻译题目必背句型 1.All that is needed is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life. 2.After being interviewed for the job, you will be required to take a language test. 3.Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them. 4.They usually have less money at the end of the month than they have at the beginning. 5.Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, which, of course, made the others jealous. 6.No matter how frequently performed, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. 7.Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests. 8.The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain. 9.Your hair wants cutting,. Youd better have it done tomorrow. 10.Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor. 11.Homework done on time will lead to better grades. 12.Had it not been for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand. 13.Realizing that he hadnt enough money and not wanting to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch. 14.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are being developed and perfected now. 15.Published as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. 16.I have kept that portrait where I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London. 17.Believing the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. 18.As might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed. 19.After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys being encouraged to go to school. 20.You see the lightning the instant it happens, but you hear the thunder later. 21.Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. 22.If only the committee would approve the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible. 23.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, of which obtaining water is not the least. 24.All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off. 25.A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, the results of which were surprising. 26.The girls being educated in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for. 27.All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train. 28.While orbiting the sun, the satell