英语自动朗诵]商务英语作文课件.xls

第 1 页 共 432 页 7 点击朗诵外语 需要启用宏后才能使用朗诵功能 启用方法 先启用编辑 然后启用宏内容 2003版启用方法如下 工具 宏 安全性 低或中 重启文档 启用宏 3 1 3 5 4 不会启用宏 点击查看帮助 1 第一讲 商务英语写作的过程与基本要求 准备 深思熟虑 准备工作可以采用多种形式 具体讲 一般需要对以下几方面有明确的认 识 1 作者的角色 一般来说 首先要判定交际双方的等级关系和亲疏关系 然后即可确定交际走向是否 应为上行文 下行文或平行文 划分出这个界限 才能做到语言准确得体 2 读者的角色 读者信息包括 NAME NAME NAME NAME 3 预期的目的 效率是第一位的 因此最好开门见山 切中主题 文字应简洁明了 起稿 条理分明 在写的过程中 我们需要完成如下几项任务 1 确定篇幅 一般分为开头 主体 结尾三部分 读者视角 迅速捕捉头尾信息 2 组织布局 商务文章注重逻辑性 结构严谨 环环相扣 由近至远 由浅至深 由轻至重 第 2 页 共 432 页 3 区分类别 在给自己的文章定位时 以下几点值得我们注 意 记叙与非记叙 互动性与单向性 抽象信息与具体信息 客观描述与主观判断 定稿 精雕细琢 定稿的标准尺度 布局合理 层次分明 信息合理 内容完整 语气恰当 适合读者 语句连贯 一气呵成 句型丰富 短句为主 措辞到位 表达准确 商务写作的基本要求 1 第一讲 商务英语写作的过程与基本要求 准备 深思熟虑 第 3 页 共 432 页 准备工作可以采用多种形式 具体讲 一般需要对以下几方 面有明确的认识 1 作者的角色 一般来说 首先要判定交际双方的等级关系 和亲疏关系 然后即可确定交际走向是否 应为上行文 下行文或平行文 划分出这个界限 才能做到 语言准确得体 2 读者的角色 读者信息包括 NAME NAME NAME NAME 3 预期的目的 效率是第一位的 因此最好开门见山 切中主题 文字应简 洁明了 起稿 条理分明 在写的过程中 我们需要完成如下几项任务 1 确定篇幅 一般分为开头 主体 结尾三部分 读者视角 迅速捕捉头尾信息 2 组织布局 商务文章注重逻辑性 结构严谨 环环相扣 由近至远 由浅至深 由轻至重 第 4 页 共 432 页 3 区分类别 在给自己的文章定位时 以下几点值得我们注 意 记叙与非记叙 互动性与单向性 抽象信息与具体信息 客观描述与主观判断 定稿 精雕细琢 定稿的标准尺度 布局合理 层次分明 信息合理 内容完整 语气恰当 适合读者 语句连贯 一气呵成 句型丰富 短句为主 措辞到位 表达准确 商务写作的基本要求 2 在写作过程中都必须遵循的六大原则 即准确 Correctne ss 清楚 Clarity 简明 Conciseness 具体 Concreteness 完整 Com pleteness 和礼貌 第 5 页 共 432 页 Courtesy 也叫做商务写作的6C原则 第一条原则 准确 correctness 从广义上讲 商务英语写作的准确性原则包括四层意义 阅读人能理解 接受的英语水平 使用精确措词 传达准确信息 正确地使用语法和标点符号 拼写正确 1 恰当的语言风格 我们在撰写正式的商务英语写作时 应尽量使用正规的语言 而当起草非正 式的商务便条 商务便函及商务书信时 可使用较通俗的口 语 请比较下面两组 例词 Formal Informal approximately inquire ascertain 第 6 页 共 432 页 obtain assist participate construct purchase contribute sufficient difficult utilize About Ask find out receive help share build buy give 第 7 页 共 432 页 enough hard use 2 准确的措词和信息 商务写作离不开商务术语 一般常用的商业术语用字简 洁 商务英语写作应 该特别注意措词和信息的正确性 3 正确的语法和标点符号 常见的标点符号错误主要出现在逗号 冒号 省字号等 常见的语法错误一般出现在以下几个方面 主谓之间的一致关系 代词与先行词之间的一致关系 悬垂句 修饰语与被修饰语之间的一致关系 状语的位置 4 正确的拼写 第 8 页 共 432 页 3 第二条原则 清楚 Clarity 写作中要合理安排要点 运用正确的句型句法 突出重点 层次分明 1 逻辑布局 Logical Organization 常用的逻辑布局方法包括 因果关系 Cause if so please advise me as to the price B If you still have the typewriter which you offered for sale please inform me of the price 6 A It is not our intention to suggest that yo u should keep unsatisfactory merchandise so we are willing to ask you to return it to us at once and will be glad to make an exchange B We are sorry that the merchandise is not up to standard and we shall gladly make an exchange 7 A We have your remittance OF January 30 in t he amount of 100 and wish at this time to thank you for it B Thank you for your remittance of January 30 for S 100 6 8 A Your letter in reply to ours of May 18 c ame this morning and now we do not understand any more clearly your complaint than we did before B Thank you for your Letter of May 20 In order that we may be of the greatest possible help to you will you please tell us just what you wish us to do about 第 16 页 共 432 页 the matters 练习二 Rewrite the following sentences to achieve conciseness 1 Please see that an enquiry is conducted to de termine the reason 2 We express our regret at being unable to fulf ill your order on this occasion 3 Payment of their accounts will be made by Joh nsons next week 4 It is on the last day of June that the meetin g will be held 5 We are returning all the merchandise that is defective 6 In the event that Model 404 is not available please substitute Model 606 练习三 Rewrite each sentence in order to express i ts meaning more courteously 1 You won t get your order because you didn t give us the information 2 We must tell you that we can t accept your p roposal 3 You claim that there Were 3 witnesses to the accident We need their names and addresses 第 17 页 共 432 页 4 Thank you in advance for all the help you wi ll give me 5 Your letter is not clear at al1 I can t und erstand it 6 We need the statement by the end of next wee k 7 You are requested to send payment by 8 June 8 This is to inform you that the goods Will not be ready by June 4 We will not be able to deliver them until June 8 参考答案 练习一 b a b b b b b b 练习二 1 Please find out the reason 2 We are sorry we cannot meet your present orde r 3 Johnsons will pay their accounts next week 4 The meeting will be held on 30 June 5 We are returning all the defective merchandis e 6 If Model 404 is not available please substit ute Model 606 第 18 页 共 432 页 练习三 1 You will get your order as soon as you give u s the information 2 Unfortunately we can not accept your proposa l 3 You mentioned that there were 3 witnesses to the accident May we have their names and addresses 7 4 Thank you for all the help you will give me 5 If I understand your letter correctly 6 Could you send us the statement by the end of next week 7 Please send payment by 8 June 8 We are sorry but it will be at least June 8 before we can deliver the goods to you 第二讲 商务英语写作的文体风格 一 商务书信的文体风格 一封好的商业书信应该体现出语 言自然精练 行文流畅 可读性高的文体风格 自然 商业书信的写作必须力求 自然 不能满篇都是过时的商 业行话 例子 第 19 页 共 432 页 使用过时商业行话的句子 自然的句子 In compliance with the afore mentioned agreement dispatch of goods will be undertaken subsequent to receipt of said monies As agreed we shall forward the goods to you when we have received your cheque We should be obliged if you could contact our Mrs Xiao at an early date Please contact Mrs Xiao soon We beg to inform you that we are herewith canceling our order for the same 第 20 页 共 432 页 I am afraid we are canceling our order for the above goods Assuring you of our best attention at all times and awaiting the favour of your early response I look forward to hearing from you soon Due to the fact that your contract has lapsed we are unable to comply with As your contract contract has lapsed we cannot do as you request 8 your request 商业书信要求可读性强 为了使信读起来生动有趣 写信人应该尽量避免使用单调的 语言 力求使语 第 21 页 共 432 页 言结构富于变化 可使用的方法有 1 变化文法结构 变换句子的文法结构也可提高信文的可读性 写信时不要千 篇一律地使用同 一种表达方法 例如 下面这个句子可以用多种方法改写 第 22 页 共 432 页 2 增强书信的可读性 还应注意运用精练的语言 商业书信必须语言精练 能用一个单词的地方尽量不要使用 多个单词 例如 高冗余度语言 低冗余度语言 1 We last received a payment from you six months ago 4 Six months have passed since 第 23 页 共 432 页 your last payment 2 We have not received a payment from you for six months 5 Six months have gone by since you last paid us 3 You last paid us six months ago 6 You have not paid us for six months It has been six months since we last 第 24 页 共 432 页 received a payment from you It has been six months since we last received a payment from you 9 Inasmuch as we require active consideration prior to making a decision I am afraid that in the circumstances you will have to wait As we need to consider before making a decision I am afraid you will have to wait 商业书信的语气 商业书信中写信人使用哪种语气十分重要 这可以反映出写 信人和收信人之 间的关系 第 25 页 共 432 页 积极的语气 下面左边的三个句子采用提 中性 的语气 而右边相应 的句子语气则 显得积极 这种积极的语气可以使一个句子听上去更有诚意 中性 积极 I am in receipt of your order for 250 pairs of Niky Conga sports shoes Thank you for your recent order for 250 pairs of Niky Conga sports shoes You failed to send your order to us before the new prices were introduced Unfortunately we did not receive your order before the new prices were introduced We cannot devote much time to your 第 26 页 共 432 页 visit as the March Sales figures are being compiled and we are very busy We shall devote as much time to your visit as our hectic schedule will permit 撰写书信时下列几件事情必须避免 指责对方犯错 推卸自己的责任 漠视客户的问题 拒绝帮助对方 对对方的帮助毫不领情 消极的语气 积极的语气 It is not our fault if you do not check whether the goods are satisfactory on delivery I am afraid customers are expected 第 27 页 共 432 页 to check that goods are satisfactory on delivery 10 Problems of this type are common with the lower model Next time you will have to buy the more advanced model Problems of this type are far less common with our more advanced model We do not have the time to send our Sales Representative to see you He is busy dealing with larger accounts than yours We shall be happy to send our Sales Representative to visit you as soon as his heavy schedule permits I am in receipt of the upgraded software 第 28 页 共 432 页 you sent to replace the software we bought in February Thank you very much for sending me the updated software which supersedes that which we bought in February 以您为先的语气 写信时要尽可能让收信人感到是你亲息写信给他们 例句 以我为先 以您为先 We shall be able to install Cable TV shortly You will be pleased to hear that you will soon be able to receive Cable TV I am afraid we cannot deliver at the weekend 第 29 页 共 432 页 You can have your goods delivered any weekday I regret to inform you that we cannot refund your deposit unless you return the goods within a week I am pleased to inform you that you will be able to receive a full refund of deposit if you return the goods within a week 二 标点符号 Punctuation 标点符号的作用及重要性 标点符号是商务英语写作中不可缺少的辅助工具 其作用在 于帮助读者分清 句子结构 正确理解文字含义 不正确使用标点符号 或是 滥用标点符号会造成意思混乱 引起读者的误解 标点的用法 1 逗号 comma 作用 逗号用于表示停顿或分句之间的间隔 第 30 页 共 432 页 21 练习四 I Choose the best opening or closing 1 A This is to enquire what address we can reach you B Please tell us your address C We should be pleased if you would let us know your address 2 A We are writing to answer your questions B We sent to you this morning our latest catalogue you requested in your letter of yesterday C We beg to state that your letter of October 2 has been given careful consideration 3 A We received your letter of May 5 Here is a copy of our price list you asked for B We enclose herewith a copy of our price list for which you asked C Here is our price list you asked for in your letter of May 5 4 A We write in answer to your favor of February 10 B We are pleased to say that we can accept your conditions in your letter of February 10 第 31 页 共 432 页 C We acknowledge receipt of your letter of February l0 and wish to comment on your conditions 5 A You will soon hear from this head office which has wide connections with large groups of the world that your application for the job of a sales representative is being considered B We write with pleasure to inform you that we have considered your application favorably C We are pleased to tell you that your application for the position of a sales representative is accepted 6 A Thanking you once again we remain B We will consider your suggestions favorably C Assuring you of our favorable consideration we remain 7 A Thank you again B Please be assured of our best attention C Once again may we express our appreciation to you 第 32 页 共 432 页 8 A Finally may we thank you once again for your cooperation B Thank you again for your cooperation C I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude for your kind cooperation 9 22 A We hope to have frequent contacts with you B Hoping to be able to keep in touch with your good services for the years to come we remain C Hoping to be in frequent contact with you and assuring you of our best attention 10 A We have pleasure in acknowledging receipt of your letter dated May 5 B We are sending a copy of the maintenance manual you asked for in your letter of May 5 C We enclose a copy of our E 30 Air condition maintenance manual which you asked for in your letter of May 5 II Rewrite the following sentences 第 33 页 共 432 页 1 We have received your letter of June 4 We are giving you the information you want 2 We read your letter dated October 9 carefully We are glad we can answer your questions 参考答案 练习一 1 1 2 8 one half 8 percent 2 10th 8 10 eight 3 25 twebty thousand dollars twenty five 20 0 00 4 7 00 7 5 1st 10th 15th first Tenth 15 6 10 00 sixty 10 60 7 1st three first 3 练习二 1 So St South Street 2 K N B R KNBR 3 Miss bldg Miss building 第 34 页 共 432 页 4 co No company 5 Feb dept Februery department 练习三 1 Jr manager First Avenue 2 fall semester spring semester 3 No Friday November 22 4 KAOY 9 11 5 One quarts 练习四 I a b c b c b a b a b II 1 Having received your letter of June 4 We are giving you the information you want 23 2 We have carefully read your letter of October 9 and are glad to answer your questions 第三讲 商务便函与电子邮件写作 一 便函与电子邮件简介 第 35 页 共 432 页 1 商务交流的选择 口头交流还是写便笺 在亚洲 人们喜欢直接交谈 主要是因为 1 直接交谈有助于保持良好的关系 2 直接交谈可以减少误会 2 商务便函与电子邮件的内容与特点 1 商务便函 定义及内容 商务便函 Memorandum 简写Memo 是同一 商业组 织内部广泛使用的书面联系形式 特点 商务便函的组成部分比较简单 这是它最大的优点 商务便函的语气需要根据写信人与收信人之间的关系以 及所谈内容来决定 2 电子邮件 定义及内容 电子邮件的内容通常包括 询问信息 道歉 确认 通知 倡议等等 特点 基于高速快捷的因特网的发展 电子邮件也具备了 使用方便 传播快捷 一信多发 而且价格十分低廉的特点 因此特别 适合国 际间的交流 第 36 页 共 432 页 3 便笺和电子邮件的主要作用 查询资料 要求采取行动 提供资料 提供建议 警告 解决问题 二 便笺和电子邮件的结构和措辞 便笺和电子邮件必须条理清楚 证据恰当 措辞得体 这样才能达到预 期的目的 1 格 式 例子 24 Internal Memorandum To Anne Bell From Graham Davis Date 23 March 1992 Subject Office Furniture 第 37 页 共 432 页 We need some comfortable chairs for visitors to go in the managers office Can you arrange it We need 10 chairs in either beige or dark brown The maximum you can spend is 500 便笺和电子邮件 的格式 信头 便函信头 由于便函是内部沟通 所以没有必要写信内地址 回信地址 或称谓 所有便函 基本上都有同一的格式 即分成四部分 发信人 收件人 日期和主题 另外 在便函开头还要写 MEMORANDUM 或 MEMO 字样 电子邮件信头 电子邮件的格式类似于便函格式 包括From 发信人姓名 T o 收信人 Cc 副本收信人 隐匿副本收信人 及 Subject 文件名 信件主题 等项目 其中不可缺少的是To 和Subject两个项目 其他项通常可以 根据使用者的需 要增加或删除 信文的内容一般包括 I 致 To 说明便笺或电子邮件的收件人 在便笺中 这一栏可以写收 件人的姓名 或职衔 也可以把两者都写上 选择哪一种写法主要看写信人的职务以及和对方的关系 第 38 页 共 432 页 收件人称呼怎么写还取决于机构的规模和作风 此外 称呼的方式还受到便笺内容的影响 电子邮件中 一定要使用对方的电子邮件地址 电子邮件 地址包括五个部分 前缀名 符号 机构名称 机构类别 代表政府部门 代表 军事组织 国别 或地区代码 II 由 From 说明便笺或电子邮件的发送人 和 致 这一栏一样 发件人的写法也要 考虑四个方面 发件人在自己任职的机构中的职位 发件人 和收件人的关系 机构的规模和作风 便笺的内容 III 日期 Date 发电子邮件时 日期一般由电脑自动 插入 1 日期的写法有两种 日 月 年 如12 June 1998 或 月 日 年 如 June 12 1998 2 书写日期时不要使用缩写形式 序数词 如 1st 2nd 3rd等 和月份都 不能缩写 26 通过列举条目提问 更容易阅读和理解 By replying before January 20 you will be have direct input into the new policy which we will be developing at the end of the month This improved policy will 第 39 页 共 432 页 help you fill your temporary employment needs more quickly and more efficiently 包括结束日期 原因和对读者的好处 注意 要在第一句话里重复和详述 请比较 间接开头 直接开头 For the past six months the Human Resources Development Department has been considering changes in our employees benefit plan Please review the following proposal regarding employees benefit and let me know by May 20 if you approve these changes 询问信息的电子邮件 例二 From gaoxiang Mail to Subject Request for Catolog Dear Sir or Madam 第 40 页 共 432 页 I am interested in purchasing your latest mail order catalog and would like to know the cost including postage to Beijing I hope to hear from you soon Thank you Sincerely yours User Zhida Co Ltd 17 Fuchengmen Beidajie Beijing Fax 86 10 68329996 C 致谢的便函 例三 Office supplies production plant To Mike Wang Purchasing From William Jiang Production Manager 第 41 页 共 432 页 Date December 8 2001 Reference Parts Order 4435 27 Subject Receipr of Component Parts Our department has received the component parts we requested on November 3 2001 Thank you for your prompt action 说明陈述并 表示感谢 However my assistant discovered that three items are missing from the order one platen knob a printer head and one antiglare screen If these items are not in stock please order them for our department 其他补充 IG rs 通知性质的电子邮件 例四 D 主管会议开会的通知 TO All Managers 第 42 页 共 432 页 The next Monthly Management Meeting will be held at 10 00 a m on Monday April 5 in Meeting Room A Following is the agenda for the meeting Purchase of New Office Computers Extension of Summer Holidays Budgetary Control If there are any other items you would like to be placed on the agenda let me know by e mail by the end of this week Thank you John Smith 3 便函和电子邮件的语气和措辞 1 语 气 便笺和电子邮件的语气能反映出发信人和收信人之 间的关系 主要 体现在信文是否正式和语气是否肯定这两个方面 通常为下 表所示的几种情况 肯定程度 CERTAINTY 第 43 页 共 432 页 委婉 正式 A 较肯定 正式 肯定 正式 B 28 委婉 较正式 较肯定 较正式 肯定 较正式 正式程度 FORMALITY 委婉 非正式 第 44 页 共 432 页 C 较肯定 非正式 肯定 非正式 D 上表中的A B C和D四种语气分别用于以下四种情况 1 资历较浅的雇员向老板作简短的书面汇报 就某个目 提出一系列可行 的建议 语气A 2 要求严格的经理发出通知 要求员工遵守公司守则 语气B 3 同事就确定午餐会日期提出建议 语气C 4 细心周到的经理对公司新来的同事表示欢迎 语气D 2 措 辞 下列所列的语言可用于表达前面提到的几种作用 每一种表 达方式都根据其 正式程度 正式 F 较正式 N 或非正式 I 和肯定程 度 肯定 C 较 肯定 N 和委婉 T 进行分类 这只是个大致的分类 读 者的理解会受到这 些用语的上下文影响 请注意阴影部分的词汇的用法 正式程度 肯定程度 第 45 页 共 432 页 询问情况 I want you to pass me all the information you have about N C I should like to know exactly what action has been taken F C I should like you to give me a record of F C 请求采取措施 Can you please arrange for I C Please find out 表示尊敬的词语 I C Could you please ensure that N N I would like you to N C Do you think it would be possible to N T I am writing to remind you that N N 报告情况 说明查询的背景 29 I have looked into this matter 第 46 页 共 432 页 N C I have made enquiries dealt with the enquiry about F C I have investigated as requested in your memo of 2 February F C 就查询作出解释 I am told that N N I am informed that F N I understand that Ms Robinson was unaware of the situation F T I have found discovered that N C 解释跟进查询的情况 I have offered arranged a discount of 10 N C I have sent an invoice for the outstanding sum to Mrs Lau N C 提供建议 第 47 页 共 432 页 Can we get together sometime later this week to discuss I T You really ought to I N Don t forget to I C It seems to me that you should N N Perhaps it would be a good idea if you were to N T It would probably not be a good idea to N T May I suggest that F T I think that we should N N We need to N C 警告 Our supplies are becoming increasingly depleted N C Unless we order the store might run out in the middle of the heavy season N N We urgently need if we are to meet demand N C I am concerned that unless we are very careful our 第 48 页 共 432 页 position will be compromised N C 承担责任 道歉 I am afraid I was responsible for confusing the invoice N C 30 I m afraid it was me who confused the invoice I C I must apologise for making this mistake F C I m terribly sorry about making this mistake I C 4 写作方法与行文策略 写便函或电子邮件时 需要注意 首先要考虑是否用口头方式 面对面地或通过电话 沟通 更加合适 以此来决定是否使用便函或电子邮件 如果使用便函或电子 邮件 那么要牢记 A 内容 内容的组织要最能体现信文的目的 B 语气 语气要适合双方之间的关系 写信时要考虑到信文 的正式程度和 第 49 页 共 432 页 肯定程度 C 篇幅 信文不宜太长 一般不超过二至三页 如果是电 子邮件 应考 虑是否有必要把想到的事情都写上 D 安全 使用电子邮件时要慎重考虑所附文件 该文件可能 会拷贝到对方 的硬盘上去 课后练习 练习一 下面左边各段选自电话中的对话 请写出在功能相同的便笺 和电子邮件中书面语 言的表达 Hello is that Michael Lee This is the Managing Director here Could you drop that report you re working on over to me this morning You know the one About the feasibility of expanding our range of products Thanks 第 50 页 共 432 页 Harry Yes it s Pete Look we d better do something about attendance at our departmental staff meetings If we don t no one will have any idea of what s going on What s more since people are paid to attend maybe we d better think about docking people s salaries if they d