unit 1新编英语教程第三版 第二册.doc

Unit 1 Language StructuresMain Teaching Points: The Passive Sentence1. involving the moral auxiliary have toe.g. The pupils should be told that their homework has to be checked before they hand it in.2. converted from the active sentence with a direct and indirect objecte.g. She isnt paid anything for overtime.3. involving the verb phrase/ phrasal verbe.g. I dont think anybody should be made fun of because of his physical handicap.4. from by the They say/It is said patterns e.g. They say/ It is said that three parks will be expanded.Language Points:1. scratch: (at sth.) to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it is itching;挠，搔（痒处）; to make or remove a mark刮出（或刮去）痕迹；（sb./sth.）(from sth.)to decide that sth. cannot happen or sb./sth. cannot take part in sth., before it starts.取消，撤销，退出 e.g. 1) The dog scratched itself behind the ear. 2)Id scratched my leg and it was bleeding. 3)Be careful not to scratch the furniture. 4)His pen scratched away on the paper. 5)to scratch a rocket launch取消火箭发射计划6)She has scratched because of a knee injury. 2. turn sb./sth. down: to reject or refuse to consider an offer, a proposal, etc. or the person who makes it.拒绝，顶回（提议、建议或提议人）；to reduce the noise, heat, etc. produced by a piece of equipment by moving its controls 把调低；关小e.g.1)He has been turned down for ten jobs so far. 2)He asked her to marry him but she turned him down. 3)Please turn the volume down.音量调低。3. look down on sb./sth.: to think that you are better than sb./ sth.蔑视，轻视，瞧不起e.g. She looks down on people who havent been to college.look sb. up and down: to look at sb. in a careful or critical way上下仔细打量，挑剔地审视某人(not) look yourself :to not have your normal healthy appearance气色不像往常那样好e.g. Youre not looking yourself today.=You look tired or ill/sick.Dialogue The Olympic GamesA. Listening to the recordingB. Questions on the dialogue1. Where did the ancient Olympic Games originate?2. Who participated in the ancient Olympic Games?3. What is one of the most popular myths about the origin of the Olympic Games?4. When were the Olympic Games abolished?5. Was Pierres attempt of reviving the Games warmly welcomed by the people?C Language Points1. originate v. begin to happen or exist开始，发源；be the creator of 创始originate in/ from/with起源于；产生于e.g. 1) Olympic Games originated from the ancient Greeks. 2) The quarrel originated in a misunderstanding. 3) Its said that the theory of evolution was not originated by Darwin.2. shroud v. wrap with a shroud以尸布包裹；cover or hide sth. 覆盖；遮蔽 n. a cloth used for wrapping a dead body尸布；寿衣；sth. that covers or hides 覆盖物，遮盖物e.g. 1) The origin of the universe is still shrouded in mystery. 2) Traditionally Arabian women have to shroud themselves in a veil when they are outside. 3) The mountain was wrapped in a shroud of cloud.a shroud of fog/ mist 一片浓雾 be shrouded in darkness 笼罩在黑暗之中3. progenitor n. (formal) 人或动植物的祖先，祖代；创始人，先驱e.g. 1) He was the progenitor of a family of distinguished actors.他是一个著名演艺世家的先辈。 2）the progenitors of modern art4.zenith n. 天顶；the highest point (of power, prosperity, etc.); the time when sth. is most successful(权力、繁荣等的)顶点；巅峰e.g. 1) The sun is well past zenith after twelve oclock. 2）The Roman Empire at its zenith conquered almost the whole Europe. 3) He reached the absolute zenith of his career in his forties.5.decline v. to become smaller, fewer, weaker, etc.减少，下降，衰退，衰弱; (formal) to refuse politely to accept or to do sth.谢绝，婉言拒绝e.g. 1) Support for the party continues to decline. 2) His health was declining rapidly. 3) I offered to give them a lift but they declined.4）to decline an offer/invitation5) a rapid/ sharp/ gradual decline迅速/急剧/逐渐下降6. abolish v. put an end to; end the existence of (a custom, an institution, etc.)废除e.g. 1) The ancient Olympic were abolished after the Roman Empire came to dominate ancient Greece. 2) The death penalty has been abolished in many countries.7. revive v. come or bring back to health or consciousness（使）复活，苏醒；复兴 e.g. 1) The ancient Olympic Games revived during the 19th century. 2) The brandy soon revived the fainted woman. 3) Our falling hopes revived at the appearance of the reinforcements.援军的出现燃起了我们原本破灭的希望。8. scale n. relative size, extent, etc. 规模；(pl.) balance or instrument for weighing 天平；磅秤 v.on a large scale大规模地 to scale 按比例 social scale 社会等级 a pair of scales 一台天平秤scale sth, down/up 缩减（增加）某物e.g. 1) The nuclear leak caused pollution on a massive scale. 2) With the market demand subciding, we decided to scale down the car production.随着市场需求的减少，我们决定缩小汽车的生产规模。 3) Who is the first one to scale the Mount Chomolungma?9. enthusiasm n. strong feeling or admiration or interest ; great eagerness 热情，热心enthusiasm for/ about sth. 对的热情an outburst of enthusiasm 一阵狂热e.g. 1) My initial enthusiasm for jogging is wearing off. 2)Human beings enthusiasm for space exploitation has never been blunted by any failures. 3) Music is one of his great enthusiasm.D. Outline for RetellingA is supposed to write an essay on the Olympic Games, and B, an Olympic expert, is helping A with it. They strike up a conversation about the Olympic Games.1. A looks very worried, because he/ she knows very little about the Olympic Games.2. B comes to help A.3. A asks B a number of questions about the Games.4. B tells A all that he/she knows about it.Reading I Two Kinds of FootballA. Background InformationDo you know there are two kinds of football games? One is American football game, the other is soccer. In China many young men like playing soccer, its very popular in China. But the Chinese dont call it soccer, they call it football. There are 11 players in a team. And the ball is round. Only the goal-keeper can play the ball with hands. The other players must play the ball with feet. In America soccer is not popular. They like playing American football more than playing soccer. There are 11 players in a team. The ball isnt round. All the players can play the ball with hands and feet. And the goal(球门) is bigger than the goal of soccer. American football is different from soccer.B. Questions on P9.C. Language Points:1. luxurious a. very expensive, beautiful, and comfortable奢侈的，极为舒适的luxuriously adv. luxuriousness n.e.g. 1) This is our luxurious car of the year. 2) Jim took a long luxurious bath when he came back home. 3)He cannot afford his luxurious life after losing the job. 2.opponent n. sb. who is against another person in a fight, a game or an argument对手；sb. who is against sth. 反对者e.g. 1) Teams are always named after fierce creatures thus intimidating their opponents. 2) He is a worthy opponent and you should try your best at this fight. 3) Opponents of abortion have held a demonstration this month.P8 competitor, enemy, foe, opponent, rival辨析3.reputation n. general opinion about ones abilities, qualities, etc.名誉，名声has a reputation for 以出名establish/build up/make a reputation树立名声lose/ruin ones reputation 名声扫地live up to ones reputation 不负盛名；名不虚传by reputation 出了名地e.g. 1) That country has a bad reputation for football.2) The reputation of Murdochs media company has been badly withered by the phone hacking scandal.3) Mrs Bennet was by reputation a busy-body.4.addict v. cause sb. become dependent on sth.使沉溺于 sb. who is unable to stop taking drugs, alcohol , etc .瘾君子；sb. strongly interested in sth. 对某事物极感兴趣物e.g. 1) He is hopelessly addicted to video games.2) He addicted himself to gambling after losing the job.3) A football addict shall never miss the exciting moments of the World Cup.5. craze n. a very popular fashion that only lasts for a very short period of time时尚；时髦的东西；enthusiastic interest in sth.craze for 对的狂热a passing craze 一时的狂热real estate craze房地产热 e.g. 1) The pin craze has swept the Expo Park.2) Walking is the latest fitness craze.3) He has a strange craze for collecting matches.6. take up: become interested in sth. and spend time doing it; begin to work at sth.开始从事; use a particular amount7. take up: become interested in sth. and spend time doing it; begin to work at sth.开始从事；use a particular amount of time, space, or effort占用（空间，时间或精力）e.g.1) Once we take something up, we should do it wholeheartedly. 2) Do you know the story of Lu Xuns dropping medicine and taking up writing? 3) The bed takes up too much room.8. spread like wildfire: become widely known, felt or suffered very quickly; spread very fast野火般蔓延；传播的很快e.g. 1) Measles is spreading like wildfire in the earthquake area. 2)Rumors about the writers death spread like wildfire in the internet. 3) Riots in London tended to spread like wildfire through Britain. 9. gain on: gradually get closer to; catch up with 逼近；超过e.g. 1) The enemy is gaining on us. 2)Basketball is gaining in popularity on football in US.10. spectator n. sb. Who watches a show or a game, etc.e.g.1) Thousands of spectators came to their feet and cheer