高考中常考的have结构总结.doc

高考中常考的have结构总结：（1）have to do sth.的意思是必须做某事、不得不做某事。其中have to属于情态动词，表示客观情况迫使人不得不或只好做某事（must则侧重表示主观上认为必须做某事）。例如：My daughter is ill. I have to have her examined by a doctor.（2）have done sth.的意思是已做了某事。这是完成时结构，其中have是助动词，done是过去分词，句子的主语是动作的执行者。例如：I have taught English for three years。（3）have sth. to do 的意思是有某事要做。在该结构中have意为“有”，不定式to do是宾语sth.的定语。例如：I have some letters to type. 我有些信要打字（我自己动手打）。I have some letters to be typed. 我有几封信需要打字（需要找别人打）。（4）have sb. do sth.的意思是“让某人做某事”。该结构中的have为使役动词，宾补是不带to的不定式，宾语是宾补所表示动作的执行者。例如：Have him do it. 叫他去做吧。表示上述意思时，我们还可以用let sb. do sth.和get sb. to do sth.的结构。（5）have sth. (sb.) doing 的意思是“让某物（或某人）做某事”。其中have是使役动词，后接复合宾语，其宾补是现在分词，表示宾语和宾补之间不但存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，而且是主动关系，即宾语是宾补中现在分词动作的执行者。例如：They tried to have her talking. But no use.The two cheats had their lights burning all night long. 注意：此结构常用于否定式，表示“不能让”、“不允许”。例如：We can not have that sort of thing happening. 我们不能允许发生这样的事。（6）have sb./sth. done表示：使（让、请）别人做某事。例如：She intended to have her daughter educated in China.自己遭遇到某事。此时，主语是无意中的受害者，而非动作的执行者。例如：She had her watch stolen. 她的表给人偷了。He had his leg injured while playing football. 他踢足球时腿受了伤。动词不定式与动名词作主语时各自的固定搭配总结（1）动词不定式作主语时的固定句型：It is(look/appear等其他系动词)形容词for sbto do sth使用这一句型只表明不定式行为的特点，而不表明sb本身的特点。常见的此类形容词有easy、difficult、hard、important、necessary、expensive、impossible等。例如：It is impossible for him to go alone他一个人去不可能。It is(look/appear等其他系动词)形容词of sbto do sth使用这一句型意在对sb及其所做的行为本身进行评价。此类形容词有good、kind、nice、wise、wrong、clever、brave、honest等。例如：It is kind of you to say so你这样说太好了。（2）动名词作主语时的固定句型：It + be + + v-ing和There + be + no + v-ingIt be 后接no use、no good、fun、worthwhile等时要用动名词作后置的主语。注意：形容词worth、worthy、worthwhile都指“值得”，它们区别主要在搭配形式上：be worth + n./doing、be worthy of +n./to be done、be worthwhile to do sth.、It is worth while doing sth./It is worth while sb to do sth.。5.只能跟动名词或者不定式作宾语的常考语汇总结常考的只能跟动名词作宾语的动词或短语有：enjoy、finish、consider、deny、suggest、avoid、excuse、delay、imagine、keep、miss、appreciate、enjoy、mind、escape、resist、risk、suggest、practise、give up、keep (on) 、be busy、be worth、feel like、cant stand、cant help、think of、dream of、be fond of、be engaged in、succeed in、be used to、look forward to、object to、pay attention to、insist on等。常考的只能跟不定式作宾语的动词有：afford、agree、arrange、beg、cause、care、choose、decide、desire、determine、demand、expect、fail、happen、hope、learn、long、manage、order、offer、plan、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse、want、wish等。Surfing: Its Not Just for Boys Anymore If you asked high school girls to name their favorite sports, most would probably say basketball or volleyball. I happen to be one of the few girls who would 1 : surfing. But isnt that a boy thing? Some people 2 . Most certainly not. I started surfing about five years ago and 3 in love with the sport on the very first day. Riding that first 4 was the best feeling I had ever experienced. When I try to 5 surfing with other things, I find it very difficult because, in my 6 , theres nothing like it. It involves body, 7 , and soul. Theres sand between my toes and cool, salt water all 8 us. The feeling I get when Im surfing across that 9 , becoming one with the 10 , is like Im weightless. The one thing I can 11 from surfing and not any other sport is endless challenges. You can never be the “best surfer” because the ocean 12 an uncountable variety of waves that nobody can ever master. The variations of surfing styles are wonderful. Some surfers are free and flowing; others are very aggressive（活跃有力的）and 13 . All of these things attract me to surfing and make it 14 from any other sport. Ive 15 to tell every girl I know to do something that people dont think girls can do. Its part of being human to advance to new 16 , so shouldnt it be expected that girls should step up and start 17 the limits of things boys and men used to dominate（主宰）? Therere women 18 side by side with the President of our country, so why not side by side with the boys 19 the football team or out in the water surfing? Give girls a chance to 20 , and they will.1. A. tell B. answerC. give D. realize2. A. wonder B. understand C. replyD. believe3. A. stayed B. came C. dropped D. fell4. A. waveB. storm C. sail D. boat5. A. bringB. connectC. compareD. tie6. A. workB. studyC. holidayD. life7. A. mindB. effortC. healthD. time8. A. alongB. aboveC. aroundD. by9. A. beachB. waterC. boardD. lake10. A. skyB. worldC. earthD. ocean11. A. takeB. getC. makeD. keep12. A. catchesB. includesC. offersD. collects13. A. sharpB. greatC. hardD. calm14. A. knownB. rightC. farD. different15. A. chosenB. triedC. learnedD. promised16. A. levelsB. pointsC. stepsD. parts17. A. reachingB. accepting C. pushing D. setting18. A. sittingB. walking C. fighting D. working19. A. ofB. from C. onD. with20. A. thinkB. succeed C. perform D. feel在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：1）The book is on the table.2）He is reading English.3）To work hard is necessary.（It is necessary to work hard.）4）How you get there is a problem.2、复数主语跟复数动词。如：Children like to play toys.3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here,there开头，be 动词与后面第一个名词一致。如：1）There is a dog near the door.2）There were no schools in this area before liberation.3）Here comes the bus.4）On the wall were two famous paintings.5）Here is Mr Brown and his children.4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如：1）Jane, Mary and I are good friends.2）He and my father work in the same factory.3）His sister, no less than you, is wrong.4）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.5）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.6）Every picture except these two has been sold.7）Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.8）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.9）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词。如：1）The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.这位工人作家明天要来我们学校。2）Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。3）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天将来我们学校。6、and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：1）Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。2）No teacher and no student is absent today.今天没有老师和学生缺席。3）Many a student is busy with their lessons.许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功课。7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1）Each takes a cup of tea.2）Either is correct.3）Neither of them likes this picture.8、由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1）Is everyone here?2）Nothing is to be done. 没有什么要干的事儿了。9、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：1）Those who want to go please sign their names here.2）Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.3）He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。如：1）Three years is not a long time.2）Ten dollars is what he needs.3）Five hundred miles is a long distance.11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式。如：1）The United States is in North America.2）The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。3）“The Arabian Nights”（天方夜谭）is an interesting book.12、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience（听众，观众），government等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：1）My family is going to have a long journey.我家要进行一次长途旅行。2）My family are fond of music. 我家人都喜欢音乐。3）The class has won the honour. 这班获得了荣誉。4）The class were jumping for joy. 全班同学都高兴得跳了起来。13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如：1）All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。2）All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。3）Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。14、the + 形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念，谓语动词则用单数形式。如：1）The young are usually very active. 年轻人通常是很活跃的。2）The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照顾。15、or, eitheror, neithernor, whetheror, not onlybut (also)连接的是主语，谓语动词与后一个主语一致。如：1）Either you or I am going to the movies.2）Not only you but also he is wrong.16、不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1）Water is a kind of matter.2）The news at six oclock is true.17、集合名词如：people, police ,cattle等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：1）The police are searching for him.2）The cattle are grassing (吃草)。18、population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数。如：1）The population of China is larger than that of Japan.2）One third of the population here are workers.19、the number of + 名词复数，是表示“的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a (large / great) number of + 名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式。1）The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.2）A number of students have gone for an outing.20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。1、Nothing but carsin the shop.Ais soldBare soldCwere soldDare going to sell2、No one except Jack and Tom the answer.AknowBknowsCis knowingDare known3、Seventy percent of the students in our schoolfrom the countryside.AisBareCcomesDare coming4、of the moneyused up.AThree-five, areBThree-fifths, have beenCThree-fifths, has beenDThird-fifths, is5、The number of the people whocarsincreasing.Aowns, areBowns, isCown, isDown, are6、One of Marxs workswritten in English in the 1860s.AwasBwereCwould beDare7、The sheets for your bedwashing.AneedsBare needingCwantDare wanting8、On each side of the streeta lot of trees.AstandsBgrowCis standingDare grown9、Some personcalling for you at the gate.Aare BisCis beingDwill be10、All that can be eateneaten up.Aare beingBhas beenChad beenDhave been11、Toms teacher and friendMr. Smith.AareBisCare beingDhas12、Your new clothes fit you, but mineme.Adoesnt fitBdont fitCdoesnt fit forDdont fit for13、Neither he nor Ifor the plan.AamBareCisDwere14、Many a studentthat mistake before.Ahas madeBhave madeChas been made Dhad made15、Peter, perhaps John,playing with the little dog.AisBareCwereDseems16、Laying eggsthe ant queens full-time job.AisBareChasDhave17、Between the two buildingsa monument.AstandBstandsCstandingDis standing18、I, whoyour good friend, will share your joys and sorrow.AamBisCareDwas19、The United Nationsin 1945.Awere foundBwere foundedCwas foundedDwas found20、were also invited to the party.AMr SmithBThe SmithCThe SmithsDSmiths重要句型1. It was not until midnight that he finished his task.2. Not until he came back from abroad was I able to see him again.3. The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.4. He walked around the house, gun in hand.5. May you be in good health!6. Wish you a pleasant journey back home!7. The professor was a humorous man with big nose and deep-set eyes.8. What surprised me most was his imagination and patience.9. He lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky and his hands under his head.10. Sitting under the tree are Mr. Green and his first teacher.11. On the wall hang two pictures of famous scientists.12. Looking back upon those past years, he couldnt help feeling very proud.13. No sooner (Hardly) had he arrived at the theatre than(when) the play started.14. Young as he is, he has learned advanced mathematics.15. How I regret the hours wasted in the woods and fields!16. There stands a beautiful vase in the corner of the room.17. Ten miles north of the town lies a paper factory.18. There goes the bell.19. Nowhere has the world ever seen such a bird as here.20. It is no use crying for help.21. If only I had been your student in the middle school!22. It is believed that such a thing will not happen again.23. Only when he explained did I realize the reason for this.24. “He works particularly hard.” “So he does, and so do you.”25. Not only Alice but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.A American magician David Blaine left the glass box in which he has lived for 44 days without food on October 19. Hundreds of people came to watch the end of his starvation experiment, which has become one of Londons main tourist attractions. Looking thinner and darker, 30 year-old Blaine was taken out of his box over the River Thames and immediately went to hospital. He was then slowly reintroduced to food, a process doctors say could be life threatening. He had been drinking only water since September 5. A native of Brooklyn, New York, Blaine first became known as a street magician in the early 1990s. He soon found himself doing magic tricks in bars for the likes of American actor Leonardo DiCaprio and his super model friends. Over the last decade Blaine has become famous with a combination of breathtaking magic and clever tricks aimed at getting a lot of attention. In 1999, he was buried in a coffin for one week and, in 2000, he spent 62 hours in a giant block of ice. Last year he stood on top of a 25-meter pillar in the center of New York for 35 hours before jumping into a pile of boxes. “I think a lot of people are unable to accept that theyre able to do what they can do,” he said. “They dont realize we can survive. The human being is an amazing creation.” But he seems to have suffered from spending so long in the glass box. He said that at times he was unable to see. Had serious back pains and lost his sense of taste.1. It is for David Blaine to eat food after such a long starvation. A. pleasantB. delicious C. dangerousD. important2. Having spent such a long time in the glass box, he suffered the following EXCEPT that . A. he had become blind B. he had serious back pains C. he lost his sense of taste D. he was in weak health3. Which of the following can best describe David Blaine? A. SeriousB. Adventurous C. MadD. Crazy 4. Which of the following is not true of David Blaine? A. Blaine immediately went to hospital after he was taken out of his box because he was in dangerous condition. B. Blaine was born and brought up in England. C. In Blaines opinion, people can create a wonder. D. Blaine didnt have any food for 44 days.作文 某学校校长要求各班同学就春游产开讨论，主题为学校要不要组织学生春游，假定你是某班班长李红，请根据下列描述介绍讨论情况70%的学生赞成春游，理由为1可以领略大自然的优美风景2拓宽视野3 呼吸新鲜空气，有益于身体健康，30%的学生反对春游，理由为1时间紧，耽误学习2增加父母的经济负担3担心安全动词搭配1. add to增加，增进 add to把加进 add up相加 add up to总计，所有这一切说明 1) I dont think these facts will _ anything. 2) Fifty new books have been _ the library. 3) The music _ our enjoyment of the film. 4) You must have made a mistake when you _ the bill _. ( add up to, added to, add to, addedup )2. break away from打破，脱离，挣脱，改掉 break down出毛病，身体(精神)衰弱，分解，拆开 break off暂停，中断 break in强行进入，插话 break into闯入break into pieces成为碎片 break out爆发 break up捣碎，驱散，瓦解，学期结束，拆散 break through突破 1) The criminal managed to break _ _ the police and ran into the woods. 2) When he heard the news, he broke _ and cried. 3) Dont break _ while others are speaking. 4) Why dont you break _ for a few minutes and have some coffee? 5) When does school break _? 6) After harvest we break _ the soil with a tool pulled by two oxen. ( away from, down, in, off, up, up ) 3. bring up抚养，呕吐，提出 bring about造成 bring out拿出，出版 bring in引入，引进，挣钱 bring back使回想起 bring down使下降，使倒下 1) The shopkeeper brought his price _ to only five dollars. 2) The school has brought _ new foreign teachers to teach oral English. 3) The song brought _ happy memories of our schooldays. 4) Do you know what brought _ this misunderstanding? 5) The kind old man agreed to bring _ the young orphan. 6) We decided to bring the matter _ at the next meeting. 7) The wind brought _ a lot of trees last night. 8) Next month they will bring _ a new edition of the book. ( down, in, back, about, up, up, down, out )4. call on号召，拜访（某人） call at拜访、参观（某地） call for去叫某人, 要求, 需要 call up使回忆起, 征召入伍 call in召集，请某人来 call out大喊，高叫 call off取消，不举行 1) Doctors are often called _ in the middle of the war. 2) Please wait for me at home. Ill call _ you at your house at seven tonight. 3) The trains calls _ several big cities between Beijing and Guangzhou. 4) He called her name _, but she didnt answer. 5) The sports meet was called _ on account of the rain. ( in, for, at, out, off)5. come about发生，出现 come down下跌，落，降，传下来 come in进来 come into (sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect) come on来临/ 快点 come out出版，结果是 come along一道来，赶快 come to达到 (an end/an agreement/a stop)苏醒，合计，总共是 come over走过来 come up发芽，走近 come across偶然碰到 come back回想起 come from来自，源自 1) I come _ the book I lent you last month. 2) How did it come _ that you both got lost? I thought you had a map. 3) It suddenly came _ to me where I had seen the boy before. 4) Come _ now, or else we shall be