专八翻译练习辅导材料3.doc

英语专业八级翻译辅导资料：翻译复习（31） 敞开的笼子这两只鸟儿原先都是野生的，我在鸟市上买了它们，我把它们请到笼子里。它们的愤怒是显而易见的，不太爱吃东西，也不叫，只是在笼子里不停地飞，冲撞着笼子。一年以后，它们对这个人工环境已经习惯，它们在笼子里歌唱着显得很高兴。每天早晨六点钟，就能听见它们的歌声，它们用歌声叫醒我，和我的全家。有一天，单位里的同事告诉我，这种鸟儿还可以放到笼子外来养，它们不会离开笼子很远，到了晚上，会自己回到笼里。回到家我打开笼子，看见那两只鸟儿并不往外飞，它们围着笼门飞来飞去，跳跃着，好像在试探这敞开是不是真实，或者在考虑这是不是一个更大的危险。当它们最终确认，这确实是一种自由时，才小心翼翼地从笼子里蹦了出来。然而它们却没有飞远，我发现，这鸟好像已经不太会飞，它们飞的高度不超过一尺。它们更擅长的是蹦，它们的翅磅不过是在帮助它们蹦得远一些，离开笼子不久，它们就又回到笼子上。它们站在笼顶上，抬起翅膀啄着羽毛，它们的自由和不自由，原来不过是几厘米的距离。还没有等到傍晚，它们就又自愿回到笼子了，它们在笼子里吃着食，喝着水，互相啄着羽毛快乐地嬉戏着。它们对那个敞开的笼门看也不看，在这个有吃、有喝、有快乐的环境里，敞开的笼门又算得了什么呢？参考译文：The wide open cageThe two birds were originally wild. I bought them on the market and invited them into the cage. Their rage was obvious-they had no appetite and did not chirp at all , just flapping their wings and trying to rush out of the cage.A year latter, having accustomed to the artificial environment, they sang happliy in the cage. Their singing could be heard at 6 oclock every morning,which woke me and my family up.One day, my colleague told me that this kind of birds could be kept outside of the cage and they would not leave far away. He said they would come back into the cage by themselves in the evening. I opened the cage when I was back home ,but the birds didnt fly out immediately. They flew back and forth near the door of the cage and jumped as if to make sure whether it was true ,or to find out if it was a bigger danger.Only when they confirmed finally that they were really free, did they jump out with care. However,they didnt fly far away. I found that the birds seems to have almost lost their ability to fly. They flew only within the height of one chi. What they were better at was jumping. Their wings only helped them jump a litte farther. They would return to the cage soon after they left it. Standing on the top of the cage ,they pecked their feathers with their wings unfolded. For them ,the distance between freedom and constraint was actually only a few sentimetersThey came back into the cage voluntarily even before the evening. They ate and drank in the cage, pecked feather for each other and froliced happily,without a look at the wild open door. Compared with the food ,drink and cosy environment, the wide open door is meaningless to them.英语专业八级翻译辅导资料：翻译复习（32） What a walk is this to me! I have no need of book or companion. The days, the hours, the thoughts of my youth are at my side, and blend with the air that fans my cheek. Here I can saunter for hours, bending my eyes forward, supposing and turning to look back, thinking to strike off into some less trodden path, yet hesitating to quit the one I am in, afraid to snap the brittle threads of memory. I remark the shining trunks and slender branches of the birch trees, waving in the idle breeze; or a pheasant springs up on whirling wing; or I recall the spot where I once found a wood-pigeon at the foot of a tree, weltering in its gore, and think how many seasons have flown since “it left its little life in the air”. Dates, names, faces come backto what purpose? Or why think of them now? or rather why not think of them oftener? We walk through life, as though a narrow path, with a thin curtain drawn around it; behind are ranged rich portraits, airy harps are strung yet we will not stretch forth our hand and lift aside the veil, to catch glimpses of the one, or sweep the chords of the other. As in a theater when the old-fashioned green curtain drew up, groups of figures, fantastic dresses, laughing faces, rich banquets, stately columns, gleaming vistas appeared beyond; so we have only at any time to “ peep though the blanket of the past,” to possess ourselves at once of all that has regaled our senses, that is stored up in our memory, that has struck our fancy, that has pierced our hearts: yet to all this we are indifferent, insensible, and seem intent only on the present vexation, the future disappointment.参考译文：散步对我来说,这是多么惬意的散步啊!我无需书籍,也无需陪伴-青春的时光,年轻的思绪都一一浮现眼前,消融在拂面的轻风里.我可以漫步数小时,极目远眺,不断思索,转身回望.我想步入一条鲜有人走的小道,却又迟迟不能离开所在的道路,唯恐扯断记忆的丝线.眼前的白桦树干闪闪发光,纤细的枝条在徐徐微风中轻轻摇曳;或看到一只山鸡扑闪着翅膀飞起;或突然想起曾在一棵树下,看到一只斑鸠在血泊中翻滚,便不禁想从那小小生命随风而去到现在已经流逝了多少个岁月?日期,名字,面容都一涌而至但这些都有何用意? 或者为何现在想起它们?为何不更经常地记起? 人这一生,就像走在薄幕围住的狭路上;其后排列着幅幅画像,竖琴悠扬,然而我们都不愿伸出手,挑开幕帘,瞥一眼后面,抚一下琴弦.就像在剧院里,当古色古香的绿色大幕缓缓拉开,一群群的人物,光怪陆离的服饰,一张张笑脸,一场场丰盛的宴会,庄严肃穆的柱栏,闪闪发光的远景都会展现舞台上;任何时候,只要我们透过幕帘稍稍窥视过去,一切感官上的愉悦,那些深埋在心底的记忆,激发想像的事物,还有剌痛心扉的所有,都会立刻占据我们的心房:然而我们对这些都麻木不觉,无动于衷,似乎一心只沉浸于现在的烦恼与将来的无望之中.英语专业八级翻译辅导资料：翻译复习（33）The shops of London are as well furnished as thoese of Pekin. Those of London have a picture hung at their door, informing the passengers what they have to sell, as those at Pekin have a board to assure the buyer that they have no intention to cheat him.I was this morning to buy silk for a nightcap: immediately upon entering the mercers shop, the master and his two men, with wigs plastered with powder, appeared to ask my commands. They were certainly the civilest people alive; if I but looked, they flew to the place where I cast my eye; every motion of mine sent them running round the whole shop for my satisfaction. I informed them that I wanted what was good, and they showed me not less than forty pieces, and each was better than the former the prettiest patern in nature, and the fitterst in the world for nightcaps. My very good friend, said I to the mercer. You must not pretend to instruct me in silks; I know these in particular to be no better than your mere flimsy Bungees.That may be, cired the mercer, who, I afterwards found, had never contradicted a man in his life; I cannot pretend to say but they may; but I can assure you, my Lady Trail has had a sack from this piece this very morning.-But, friend, said I, though my lady has chosen a sack from it, I see no necessity that I should chosen a sack from it, I see no necessity that I should wear it for a nightcap.That may be, returned he again, Yet what becomes a pretty lady, will at any time look well on a handsome gentleman. This short compliment was thrown in so very seasonably upon my ugly face, that even though I disliked the silk, I desired him to cut me off the pattern of a nightcap.While this business was consigned to his journeymen, the master himself took down some pieces of silk still finer than any I had yet seen, and spreading them before me. There, cries he, theres beauty; my Loard Snakeskin has bespoke the fellow to this for the birthnight this very morning; it would look charmingly in waistcoats. -But I dont want a waistcoat. replied I. Not want a waistcoat! returned the mercer, then I would advise you to buy one; when waistcoats are wanted, you may depend upon it they will come dear. Always buy before you want and you ae sure to be welll used, as they say in Chpeapside. There was so much justice in his advice, that I could not refuse taking it; besides, the silk, which was really a good one, increased the temptation; so I gave orders for that too.As I was waiting to have my bargains measured and cut, which, I know not how, they executed but slowly , during the interval the mercer entertained me with ther modern manner of some of the nobility receiving company in their morning gowns; Perhaps, Sir, adds he, you have a mind to see what kind of silk is universally worn. Without waiting for my reply, he spreads a piece before me, which might be rechoned beautiful even in China. If the nobility, continues he, were to know I sold this to any under a Right Honourable, I should certainly lose their custom; you see, my lord, it is at once rich, tasty, and quite the thing.- I am no lord, interrupted I.I beg pardon. cried he, but be pleased to remember, when you intend buying a morning gown, that you had an offer from me of something worth money. Conscience, sir,conscience is my way of dealing; you may buy a morning gown now, or you may stay till they become dearer and less fashionable; but it is not my business to advise. In short, most reverened Fum, he persuaded me to buy a morning gown also, and would probably have persuaded me to buy a morning gown also, and would probably have persuaded me to have bought half the goods in his shop, if I had stayed long enough, or was furnished with sufficient money.Upon returning home, I could not help reflectiong, with some astonishment, how this very man, with such a confined education and capacity, was yet capable of turning me as he thought proper, and moulding me to his inclinations! I know he was only answering his own purpose, even while he attempted to appear solicitous about mine; yet, by a voluntary infatuation, a sort of passion, compounded of vanity and good-nature, I walked into the snare wtih my open eyes open, and put myself to future pain in order to give him immediate pleasure. The wisdom of the ignorant somewhat resembles the instinct of animals; it is diffused in but a very narrow sphere, but within that circle it acts with vigor, uniformity and success.参考译文：买绸记伦敦的店铺与北京的一样,布局非常优雅.北京的铺子常常挂着牌匾,以示童叟无欺;而在伦敦,店门口常挂一图像,告知顾客所售之物.今天头午我去买做睡帽的丝绸.一踏进店门,头戴敷粉假发的店主和两个伙计赶忙迎上来,询问我的需求.他们一定是世界上最文明最礼貌的人了;只要我稍看一眼,他们便飞奔到目光所落之处;我的一举一动让他们在店里团团转,去探寻我想要之物.我说我要上等料子,他们马上拿来不下四十种.每一种都比前一种要好,都是天底下最漂亮的图案,世界上最适合做睡帽的材料.我说朋友,我对店主说, 不必向我兜您的售丝绸知识了,这些明明连你那些不结实的本吉丝都不如.-这有可能,店主叫道,据我后来所知,这个人一生都没顶过谁,我也不能硬说这不可能;但我可以告诉您,就今天上午,翠莱夫人还买了一袋这种料子.但是朋友,我说,翠莱夫人买了不见得我就非得买它来做睡帽吧? 那倒是,但一位夫人穿起来漂亮的东西,在一位英俊的先生身上也总会不错的吧!这简短的恭维适时地向我不雅的面孔扑来,尽管不喜欢那丝绸,我还是让他为我剪下睡帽所需的料子.把这活计交给伙计之后,店主拿出比刚才所看的都要好的一匹丝绸,在我面前展开来.瞧,多漂亮; 今早斯耐克斯金爵爷刚为自己的生日晚会预定了这种材料.这做件背心可太妙了. 但我不需要背心.我答到.不需要? 那我可要劝您买一件了;等到人人都想要背心时,价格保险就涨上去了.套用吉普赛那地方的一句话,不要等到用到了再去买. 他的话听起来蛮有道理的,我都不好意思拒绝.而且那丝绸也的确不错,这也增加了不少诱惑.于是我就订了一块.我等着他们为我裁量丝绸,但不知为何,他们的动作总是慢腾腾的.就在这工夫,店主又与我谈起如今一些贵族喜爱穿睡袍见客的风尚.或许,您也想看看现在人们都在穿的绸缎 不等我回答,他早已把面料摊在我面前.这料子就是在中国也算得上考究了. 如果贵族们知道我把这料子卖给身份不符的人,他继续道,我会失去这些老主顾的.爵爷,您瞧,这料子真是非常华丽非常有品味,货真价实呀!-我不是什么爵爷,我打断他的话.真不好意思,他喊道,但如果您打算做一件睡袍的话,一定要记得我这里的货物可是的物有所值的.良心啊,先生,良心就是我的生意经.您可以现在买一件睡袍,也可以等它贵了再来买,这都由您,我也不能劝您. 总之,敬爱的福沫先生,他说得我又买了一件睡衣的料子.如果我再呆下去或者口袋里的钱再多一些,他可能会让我把半个店都买下来.回家之后,我不禁思索起来,吃惊地发现,一个缺乏教育,能力有限的人居然使我任由他摆布,玩弄于股掌. 我知道,即使他对我百般殷勤,也只是想满足自己的私欲;然而,由于自己的糊涂,由于虚荣与善良渗杂的性情,我眼睁睁地走进他们的圈套,用我未来之痛博得他们一时之乐.无知者的智慧有点像动物的本能;它只存在于狭小的领域,但是只要在那个范围之内,它又猛又准,所向披靡.英语专业八级翻译辅导资料：翻译复习（34） The most sensible people to be met with in society are men of business and of the world, who argue from what they see and know, instead of spinning cobweb distinctions of what things ought to be. Women have often more of what is called good sense than men. They have fewer pretensions; are less implicated in theories; and judge of objects more from their immediate and involuntary impression on the mind, and, therefore, more truly and naturally. They cannot reason wrong; for they do not reason at all. They do not think or speak by rule; and they have in general more eloquence and wit as well as sense, on that account. By their wit, sense, and eloquence together, they generally contrive to govern their husbands. Their style, when they write to their friends, is better than that of most authors. - Uneducated people have most exuberance of invention.(参考译文)在这个社会上，所能碰见的最为贤达的人士乃商人及饱经世事沧桑者。其言谈，其论点全然基于其所见所知，而不会去编织某些迂腐的区分，以设定事物理应如何如何。女士们往往要比男士们更富于所谓的见识。她们不那么自命不凡，不那么惯于纠缠于理论，在对事物形成判断时更多地凭藉这些事物在其头脑中所烙下的直接和不自觉的印象，因而会来得更为真实，更为自然。她们绝不犯任何逻辑错误，因为她们从不进行任何的逻辑推理。她们的所思所言决不受制于任何条条框框，正因为如此，总体而言她们不仅更具见识，而且更机智，更能言善辩。凭借其机智、其见识、其如簧巧舌这三件利器，她们大都会图谋主宰她们的丈夫。她们在给朋友写信时，其文笔之雅致与绝大多数作家相比均有过之而无不及。英语专业八级翻译辅导资料：翻译复习（35） 中国将坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，继续加强同发展中国家的团结合作，同它们一道维护发展中国家正当合理的权益。同时，我们要进一步致力于稳定周边、巩固睦邻友好。我们还将不断地充实与各个大国已经建立或正在建立的未来关系框架的内涵。我们将更积极地参与国际事务和各种多边外交活动，坚决反对霸权主义、强权政治，推动在世界上建立公平合理、平等互利的国际政治、经济新秩序。(参考译文)China will unswervingly observe the independent and peaceful foreign policy. It will continue to reinforce its solidarity and cooperation with the developing countries in the world and, together with them, to safeguard the just and reasonable rights of the developing countries. At the same time, we will be further committed to stabilizing our peripheral areas and to consolidating the harmonious friendship with our neighboring countries. We will also make continued efforts to enrich the implications of the framework of the future relations that have been established or that are being established with all the major countries of the world. We will take more positive steps to participate in international affairs and in various kinds of multilateral diplomatic activities. China will remain firm in its opposition to hegemonism, power politics and will endeavor to promote the establishment of a new international political and economic order that is fair, reasonable, equal and reciprocally beneficial.英语专业八级翻译辅导资料：翻译复习（36） The word winner and loser have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and dont pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.Winners do not play helpless, nor do they play the blaming game. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.(参考译文)胜者与败者这两个字眼含有众多的意思。当我们将某人称作胜者时，我们并非指他是一个致使他人一败涂地的人。对我们来说，胜者乃这样一位君子，他无论是作为一个个人抑或是作为社会的一份子，一切反应均能由衷而发，做到诚信，可靠，乐善好施，且绝不伪善。胜者不会穷其毕生之精力，去拘泥于某个他们所想象的为人之道;相反，他们会保持其真我本色，并且，作为这种追求真我的仁者，他们不会耗费精力来装腔作势，维持一种自命不凡的姿态，或去操纵他人。他们深知，在爱戴他人和装作爱戴他人之间，在愚顽不化和大智若愚之间，在学识渊博和佯装学富五车之间，实质上存在着天壤之别。胜者断无必要去藏匿于面具背后。胜者无畏于独立的思维和运用其自己的知识。他们能够在事实与舆论之间明辨是非，不会僭称自己无所不晓。他们会倾听他人的见解，对他人所言作出鉴别，而最终所得出的却是其自己的结论。虽然胜者可能会钦佩并敬重他人，但他们不会受制于他人，惧悚于他人，为他人所囿，或被他人所摧垮。胜者绝不耍凄惨无助之把戏，也决不玩委过于人 之游戏。相反，他们会毅然肩负起对自身人生的责任(忍辱负重， 无怨亦无悔)。英语专业八级翻译辅导资料：翻译复习（37） 大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌;往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。(参考译文)Equal are the generous gifts granted/distributed (endowed) by Nature to (on) all human individuals, whether they are wealthy or impoverished (be they wealthy or impoverished). Therefore, all human individuals have become unanimously and profoundly indebted to (obliged to, attached to, dependent on) Nature. This is particularly true in rural areas where ways of life have remained intact and unchanged for people for thousands of years-sowing crops and grapes, brewing and drinking wines, grazing and milking cows, hoeing grasses and planting flower-trees, going to churches for religious prayers and services on weekends, playing musical instruments, dancing and singing on squares. The fields in former times are still their present-day homes glowing with human warmth. In such a way, each locality has evolved its own unique folk tales and has transmitted its distinctive habits and customs.英语专业八级翻译辅导资料：翻译复习（38） Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreaus idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening ones perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of The pleasure of taking pains. The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.(参考译文)梭罗所理解的低层次，即为了拥有而去拥有，或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。他心目中的高层次，则是这样一种积极的人生戒律，即要使自己对自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。对于他从低层次上节省下来的时间和精力，他可将其致力于对高层次的追求。勿庸置疑，梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿，但他在膳食方面所投入的精力仅果腹而已，只要可确保他能去从事更为重要的事务，他便别无所求。殚精竭虑，全力以赴，便是其精髓所在。除非我们愿意直面那些需要我们全身心投入的艰难困苦，否则便不会有幸福可言。正如叶芝所言，除却某些不可能的情形，我们于人生中所获取的满足皆取决于我们在多高的境界中选择我们所愿意面对的艰难困苦。当罗伯特弗罗斯特言及以苦为乐时，他内心所思，大体如此。商业广告中所宣扬的那种幸福观，其致命的缺陷就在于这样一个事实，即它宣称，一切幸福皆唾手可得，不费吹灰之力。即便于游戏之中，我们也需要有艰难困苦。我们之所以需要它，因为设若没有困难，便断无游戏可言。游戏即是这样一种方式，为了享受其中的情趣而人为地使事情变得不那么轻而易举。游戏中的种种规则，便是将困难武断地强加于人。当有人将情趣摧毁殆尽时，他总是因为拒不按游戏规则行事而使然。这犹如下棋;如果你随心所欲、心血来潮地去更改那些全然武断的游戏规则，这样去赢棋当然会更加容易。但下棋的情趣则在于，应在规则的限定范围内赢取胜利。一言以蔽之，没有艰难，断无情趣。英语专业八级翻译辅导资料：翻译复习（39） 乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说，有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。 钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼;第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之;第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。(参考译文)The general public might be well-acquainted with the songs composed by Qiao Yu, but they might actually know