the libido for the ugly 全文讲义.ppt

UnitSevenLibidofortheUgly HenryLouisMencken 1880 1956 HenryLouisMencken 1880 1956 anAmericanjournalist essayist magazineeditor satirist acerbiccriticofAmericanlifeandculture andastudentofAmericanEnglish Knownasthe SageofBaltimore heisregardedasoneofthemostinfluentialAmericanwritersandprosestylistsofthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury Mencken squotation Acynicisamanwho whenhesmellsaflower looksaroundforacoffin Mencken sCreedIbelievethatreligion generallyspeaking hasbeenacursetomankind thatitsmodestandgreatlyoverestimatedservicesontheethicalsidehavebeenmorethanovercomebythedamageithasdonetoclearandhonestthinking Ibelievethatnodiscoveryoffact howevertrivial canbewhollyuselesstotherace andthatnotrumpetingoffalsehood howevervirtuousinintent canbeanythingbutvicious Ibelievethatallgovernmentisevil inthatallgovernmentmustnecessarilymakewaruponliberty Ibelievethattheevidenceforimmortalityisnobetterthantheevidenceofwitches anddeservesnomorerespect Ibelieveinthecompletefreedomofthoughtandspeech Ibelieveinthecapacityofmantoconquerhisworld andtofindoutwhatitismadeof andhowitisrun Ibelieveintherealityofprogress I Butthewholething afterall maybeputverysimply Ibelievethatitisbettertotellthetruththantolie Ibelievethatitisbettertobefreethantobeaslave AndIbelievethatitisbettertoknowthanbeignorant PennsylvaniaStateProfile StateUniqueNameTheKeystoneStateCapitalCityHarrisburgLocation40 27605N 076 88450WBirdRuffedGrouseBorderStatesDelaware Maryland NewJersey NewYork Ohio WestVirginiaEconomyAgricultureFlowerTheMountainLaurelLargestCityPhiladelphiaLandArea44 892sq mi Population1 20 19 661StatehoodDecember12 1787TreeHemlock description descriptionispaintingaverbalpictureofaperson aplace anobject ascene etc inordertoenablehisreadertoperceivetherealityoftheoriginal thewriterreproducesanimageandinvokesthatrealityessenciallybyspecificandconcretewordsthatappealtothereader ssenseofsight smell sound tasteandtouch thetitle thisisapieceofsubjective impressionisticoremotionaldescription libido conceptoriginatedbySigmundFreudtosignifytheinstinctualphysiologicalorpsychicenergyassociatedwithsexualurgesandwithallconstructivehumanactivity Inthetext itmeanspsychicenergygenerally specifically abasicformofpsychicenergy comprisingthepositive lovinginstinctsmanifestedvariouslyatdifferentstagesofpersonalitydevelopment Drive desire 欲望 thetitle thewriterusesthiswordtosuggestthattheloveandpassionforuglinessamongAmericansisakindofpathologicalproblemandthathisobservationshaveascientificfoundation Dominantimpressionofugliness Nouns desolation filth grime horror ugliness monstrousness grotesqueriesAdjectives hideous bleak forlorn abominable dirty horrible misshapen shabby uncomely dingy decomposing shocking loathsome gloomy God forsaken frightful putrid ghastly unlovely diabolical dreadful macabre depressingphrases appallingdesolation dreadfullyhideous intolerablybleak unbrokenandagonizingugliness revoltingmonstrousness incomparable Images leproushill uremicyellow eczematouspatches malarioushamlets oneblinksbeforeamanwithhisfaceshotaway burythemselvesswinishly likegravestonesinsomegiganticdecayingcemetery colorofanegglongpastallhopeorcaring thatofafatwomanwithablackeye thatofaPresbyteriangrinningSentenceswithsarcasm ridiculeandirony wouldhavedisgracedaraceofalleycats insultandlaceratetheeyetherewasnotasingledecenthouseinsight therewasnotonethatwasnotshabbyIawardthischampionshipincomparableincolor incomparableindesign theParthenonwouldnotdoubtoffendthem TheMainideaofeachparagraph Para1 Thewritercontraststhegreatwealthofthisregionwiththeabominablehumanhabitationsseeneverywhere Para2 coverageoftheuglinessinthecounty Para3 theuglinessofthehousedesignPara4 theuglinessofthecolorofthebricksPara5 evaluatestheuglinessofthisregionasthetoponeintheworld Para6 triestotracethesourceoftheuglinessfromtheforeignersPara7 speculatesonasolutionforthepuzzle libidofortheuglyPara8 evidencetoprovehimselfrightPara9 Thewriterfinallygivesananswer para1 acontrastofthegreatwealthofthisregionwiththedominatablehumanhabitationsseeneverywhere uglinessisnotduetopovertybuttosth innateintheAmericancharacter aloveforuglinessforitsownsakeor asthetitlesays thelibidofortheugly sentence1 onedayinwintersomeyearsago IstartedoutfromPittsburghandtravelledthroughthecoalandsteeltownsofWestmorelandCountyinafastrailwaytrain words Pittsburgh acityinSouthwestPennsylvania ItisoneofthemostimportantindustrialcitiesofAmerica andacenterofrailandrivertransportation Termedthe SteelCity or SmokyCity itisthecenterofrichbituminous b tum n s coal 生煤 region producingalsonaturalgas oilandlimestone alargepartofU S steelandironisproducedhere Westmorelandcounty acountyinSouthwestPennsylvania ItscountyseatisGreensburg Itisaminingandmanufacturingregion roll totravelinawheeledvehicle 翻译 几年前的一个冬日 我乘坐宾夕法尼亚铁路公司的一班快车离开匹兹堡 向东行驶一小时 穿越了威斯特摩兰县的煤城和钢都 sentence2 thisareaisfamiliartome bothwhenIwasyoungandwhenIgrewup Ihadoftentravelledthroughthisregion 这是我熟悉的地方 无论是童年时期还是成年时期 我常常经过这一带 sentence3 butsomhowinthepastIneverreallyperceivedhowshockingandwretchedthiswholeregionwas 但以前我从来没有感到这地方荒凉得这么可怕 sentence4 1 theregionaroundPittsburghwasoneofthemostimportantindustrialcentersofAmerica herewasthecenterofthemostprofitableandcharacteristicAmericanactivity indutrialactivity lucrative producingwealthorprofit profitable 有利可图的 4 1 这儿正是工业化美国的心脏 是其最赚钱 最典型活动的中心 世界上最富裕 最伟大的国家的自豪和骄傲 sentence4 2 theUnitedstates therichestandgrandestnationeverseenonearth bothboastsaboutandfeelsproudofthiscenterofindustrialacyivity sentence4 3 theverysightoftheregionwasterriblyuglyandthewholeregionwassomiserable gloomyanddepairingthatitwashardforanyonetobear thisteriblesceneinaregionwhichproducesthroughitsindustrythewealthtomakeAmericatherichestandgrandestnation makesallhumaneffortstoadvanceandimprovetheirlifeseemsasadandhorriblejoke 翻译4 3 然而这儿的景象却又丑陋得这样可怕 凄凉悲惨得这么令人无法忍受 以致人的抱负和壮志在这儿成了令人毛骨悚然的 令人沮丧的笑料 words hideous horribletosee hear etc veryuglyorrevolting dreadful非常丑陋的 bleak cheerless gloomy desolate depressing荒凉的forlorn inpitifulcondition wretched miserable悲惨的 不幸的aspiration strongdesireorambition asforadvancement honor热望 渴望macabre gruesome grimandhorrible ghastly令人毛骨悚然的 sentence5 peoplecouldnotimagineorcalculatetheamountofwealththatwastobefoundinthisregion Andinthesameregionthereweresuchterribleanddisgustinghousesthatevenhomelesswildcatswouldfeelashamedtoliveinthem 翻译 这儿的财富多得无法计算 简直都无法想象 也是在这儿 人们的居住条件又是如此之糟 连那些流浪街头的野猫也为之害羞 words abominable nastyanddisgusting vile loathsome讨厌的alley anarrowstreetorwalk especially alanebehindarowofbuildingsorbetweentworowsofbuildings Boyandman Ihadbeenthroughitoftenbefore AsaboyandlaterwhenIwasagrown upman IhadoftentraveledthroughtheregionHere heartofindustrialAmerica thecenterofitsmostlucrativeandcharacteristicactivity theboastandprideoftherichestandgreatestnationeverseenonearth Metaphor comparingthiscentertotheheartofahumanbody hyperbole exaggeratingtherichnessandgrandeuroftheregionandofAmericaasawhole HerewasthecenterofthemostprofitableandcharacteristicAmericanactivity industrialactivity Paraphrasing Para1 andherewasascenesodreadfullyhideous toamacabreanddepressingjoke Thescenethatmettheeyewasterriblyuglyandthewholeregionwassomiserableandgloomythatitwasunbearable Thisdreadfulscenemakesallhumanendeavorstoadvanceandimprovetheirlotappearasaghastly saddeningjoke Herewaswealthbeyondcomputation almostbeyondImagination andherewerehumanhabitationssoabominablethattheywouldhavedisgracedaraceofalleycats Hyperbole exaggeratingthewealththatwasbeyondcomputationandimagination Andhabitationssoabominablethatevenhomelesscatswouldhavefeltashamedtoliveinthem WordsandExpressions Para2 filth disgustinglyoffensivedirt garbage etc lacerate tearjaggedly mangle somethingsoft asflesh woundorhurt one sfeelings etc deeply distressmonstrousness strangeshapeagonize vt vi cause pain 痛苦 难受Heagonizedformonthsoverthethoughtofhisson sdeath Martinbentoverhim agonizedtoseehowburningwashisskin agony n u c deeppain extremesufferingortirednessThiscountrymustnotagaingothroughtheagonyofwar Theagonyoftheinjuredmanwasdreadfultosee Thousandsuponthousandsdieinslowagony Hesufferedagoniesfromhisbrokenarm revolt vi RebelagainstThepeoplerevoltedagainsttheirruler revolt v t vi cause feel hatredorsicknessof Theverythoughtofworkinginthebasementrevoltedme Theviolenceinthemovierevoltedmyparents Mysoulrevoltedagainstthiswayofdoingbusiness Hiswholenaturerevoltsat from againstsuchacrime Thereisarevoltingsmellintheseafoodmarket pretentious seemimportantorsignificant usedtoshowdisapproval 自命不凡 爱夸耀的 虚饰的 野心勃勃的 e g Hewasatalentedbutpretentiouswriter Thispubwasofaverydifferenttype smaller lesspretentious pretension noun claimtobe claimtodeserve e g Imakenopretension s toskillasanartist butforenjoyingit Theyoungprincehaspretensionstothecrown boasting vanity u Shetalkedofherrichfriendswithgreatpretension Pretensionishisworstfault shabby poor looking mean unfaire g Thebeggar sclotheswereshabby Thementalpatientsreceivedshabbytreatment Whatashabbytrick leavingmetowalkhomealone sheer absolute completeeg Shefaintedfromsheerweariness Hewonbysheerluck asheerwasteofmoney bysheerchance Sheeralcoholwillburntheliningofthethroat 36 可编辑 Paraphrasing Para2 WhatIalludetoistheunbrokenandagonizingugliness thesheerrevoltingmonstrousness ofeveryhouseinsight hyperbole anexaggerationthateveryhouseisugly unbrokenugliness uglinessthatwascontinuousanduninterrupted Itwasuglynomatterwhereyoulooked agonizingugliness uglinessthatcausedgreatpain topeoplewhosawit sheerrevoltingmonstrousness theabsolutedigestinghideousness oneblinkedbeforethemasone amanwithhisfaceshotaway asimile Theuglinessofthesehouseswasasgruesomeasafacethathasbeenshotandmangled Afewlingerinmemory horribleeventhere Someofthehousesremaininone smemoryandlaterwhenonepicturestheminone smindtheystillappeartobehorrible Therewasnotasingledecenthousewithin Therewasnotonethatwasnotmisshapen andtherewasnotonethatwasnotshabby Therepetitionofthesamestructuralpatternandtheuseofdoublenegativeshelptoemphasizethetwowords misshapen and shabby WordsandExpressions Para3 uncomely havingunpleasantappearancegrime dirt esp sootydirt rubbedintoorcoveringasurfaceasoftheskingully achannelorhollowwornbyrunningwater smallnarrowravine狭沟chalet atypeofSwisshouse builtofwoodwithbalconiesandoverhangingeaves 瑞士的木造 山上小舍highpitched steepinslopesideofroofsdingy dirty colored notbrightorclean grimyclapboard athin narrowboardwithoneedgethickerthantheother usedassiding护墙板 隔墙preposterous socontrarytonature reason orcommonsenseastobelaughable absurd ridiculous反常的 十分荒谬的pier aheavycolumn usuallysquare usedtosupportweight asattheendofanarch支柱perpendicular exactlyupright vertical straightupanddown垂直的precarious uncertain insecure risky不安全的eczematous ofitchingskindisease湿疹的 streak n along narrowline一长条 c e g Youhaveastreakofpaintonyourforehead Theplaneleftawhitestreakofvaporinthebluesky Hehasthestreaksofgreyinhisdarkhair somequalityinone spersonalitye g Shehasastreakofselfishnessinher Hehasastreakofhumor thoughhelooksveryseriousThereisastreakofcrueltyinhischaracter streak v ttomarkalineon TheIndiansusedtostreaktheirfaceswithpaint Herdarkhairwasstreakedwithgrey Thechild sfacewasstreakedwithtears vi TopassrapidlylikelighteningThewinninghorsestreakedpastthefinishline Acatstreakedacrosstheroadwithadogbehindit Paraphrasing Para3 Thecountryitselfisnotuncomelynotuncomely litotes meaningquitecomelyorpleasanttolookat Thecountryitselfispleasanttolookat thereareveryfewsolidblocks solidblock agroupofbuildingswithnobreaksoremptyspaceseparatingthem Eveninthelargertownsthereareveryfewsolidblocksofhouses sotherearestillmanyemptyspacesonwhichnewbuildingscanbeputup iftherewerearchitectsofanyprofessionalsenseordignityintheregion theywouldhaveperfectedachalet sarcasm Itsarcasticallyemphasizesthefactthattherewerenoarchitectsworthyofthehonororthehighstandardsdemandedofbyitsprofession Theyhavetakenastheirmodelabricksetonend Themodeltheyfollowedwasabrickstandingupright Andoneandalltheyarestreakedingrime withdeadandeczematouspatchesofpaintpeeingthroughthestreaks metaphor comparingthepatchesofpainttodried upscalesformedbyaskindisease Allthehousesherearesmearedwithsootydirt andsomepaintwhichisnotcoveredupbythesootlookslikedried upscalesformedontheskinbyeczema ABriefIntroductiontoLitotes notuncomely quitepleasant beautifulLitotes曲言法 正话反说 是 understatement 低调陈述中的一种表现形式 主要是用no not none never以及否定词缀等否定词或否定表达法来表述肯定的内容 e g Thefacewasn tabadone ithadwhattheycalledcharm Themanisnofool Itwasnosmallskilltoputtingaknifeintothemouthwithoutgettinghurt understatement 低调陈述的另一种表现手法是弱说代替强说 常用sortof somethingof rather hardly scarcely almost之类的词e g Money shesayswithquietunderstatement iskindoftight ButImanage Herscoreisfarfrombeingsatisfactory HerscoreleavesmuchtobedesiredMr Liissomethingofaprofessor Achalet atypeofSwisshouse builtofwoodwithbalconiesandoverhangingeaves瑞士式小木屋 Eczematouspatches eczema anitchingskindisease WordsandExpressions Para4 downright adj straightforward franke g Herdownrightanswerstartleduspresent Heisadownrightsortofperson pletee g Youareadownrightcheat Shetoldadownrightlie downright adv Absolutely 彻头彻尾的e g Hewasdownrightrudetous Itmakesmedownrightangrytoseefoodthrownaway loathe vt feelhatred dislikee g YouknowhowIloathtypingandshorthand Shelikesherjobthoughsheloathesgettingupearlytogotowork loathing n u Theylookatthemwithloathing Ihaveagreatloathingforgeometry loathsome adj tobedisgusting hatede g Somepeoplethinksnakesareloathsomecreatureswhileothersthinkotherwise Thevillainoftheplaywascompletelyloathsome Paraphrasing Para4 Whenithastakenonthepatinaofthemillsitisthecolorofanegglongpastallhopeorcaring ridiculeandirony laughingscornfullyatthecolorofthesehouses alsometaphor comparingthecolorofthebrickstocolorofrotteneggs Whenthebrickiscoveredwithblacksootofthemillsittakesonthecolorofarottenegg Nomorethanitwasnecessarytosetallofthehousesonend Neitherwasnecessary Thewriterposesthequestioninordertoprovokethequestioningofthecause Redbrick eveninasteeltown ageswithsomedignity Redbrick eveninasteeltown looksquiterespectablewiththepassingoftime Eveninasteeltown oldredbricksstillappearpleasingtotheeye ButinWestmorelandtheypreferthaturemicyellow uremia atoxicconditioncausedbythepresenceinthebloodofwasteproductsnormallyeliminatedintheurineandresultingfromafailureofthekidneystosecreteurine ButitseemsthatpeopleinWestmorelandcountypreferthatyellowcolorproducedbythediseaseuremia andsotheyhavethemostloathsometownsandvillageseverseenbymortaleye hyperbole exaggeratingtheuglinessofthetownsandvillages mortaleye humaneyes AComparisonofSarcasm 讽刺 ridicule 嘲弄 irony 反讽 Sarcasm abitterorwoundingremark 主要用于伤人感情的那一类幽默 常运用嘲笑或讽刺性反语e g Obviously iftherewerearchitectsofanyprofessionalsenseofdignityintheregion theywouldhaveperfectedachalettohugthehillsides havingchosenit theyletinmellowintoitspresentshockingdepravity Sarcasmandironye g Iawardthischampionshiponlyafterlaboriousresearchandincessantprayer Itisincrediblethatmereignoranceshouldhaveachievedsuchmasterpiecesofhorror Ridicule makefunof deride laughat Makeridiculouse g asteelstadiumlikeahugerat trapsomewherefurtherdowntheline theymadeitperfectintheirownsightbyputtingacompletelyimpossiblepenthouse irony sayingonethingandmeaningtheopposite WordsandExpressions Para5 laborious involvingmuchhardwork difficult industrious hard workingdecompose breakuporseparateintobasiccomponentsorparts rotmalarious offeverconveyedbymosquitoesforsake giveup renounce ahabit idea etc hamlet averysmallvillageaberrant turningawayfromwhatisright true etc deviatingfromwhatisnormalortypicaluncompromising notyielding firm inflexible determinedinimical likeanenemy hostile unfriendly adverse unfavorableingenuity cleverness originality skill etc grotesquery thequalityorstateofbeinggrotesquediabolical ofthedevilordevils fiendishconcoct devise invent orplan Iawardthischampionshiponlyafterlaboriousresearchandincessantprayer sarcasmandirony IcametotheconclusionthatWestmorlandhadthemostloathsometownsandvillagesonlyaftervisitinganccomparingmanyplacesnotonlyintheUnitedStatesbutalsoinothercountriesandafterconstantlyprayingtoGodforguidance championship usedironicallytodescribenotthebestbuttheworst Paraphrasing Para5 Ihaveseen Iamfamiliarwith andhavemadescientificexplorations SafeinaPullman Ihavewhirledthrough Ihavebeento Parallelstructurestoshowhisvisitstothoseplaces inapullman travelinginapullmancar whichwasnamedafteritsinventorGeorgeM Pullman 1831 97 backstreets small meanstreets streetsinslumareaGod forsakenvillages gloomy Desolatevillagestidewaterhamlet verysmallvillageneartheseaaffectedbytheriseandfalloftidesTheyareincomparableincolor andtheyareincomparableindesign sarcasm Peoplecannotfindsuchterriblecoloranddesigninanyotherregion Itisasifsometitanicandaberrantgenius uncompromisinglyinimicaltoman haddevotedalltheingenuityofHelltothemakingofthem genius usedironicallytomeananevilgenius havinggreatabilitytodoevil Hell thepowersofevilordarknesshyperboleandirony Itisassomegeniusofgreatpower whodidn tliketodotherightthingsandwhowasaninflexibleenemyofman employedalltheclevernessandskillofhelltobuildtheseuglyhouses Theyshowgrotesqueriesofuglinessthat inretrospect becomealmostdiabolical Theyshowsuchfantasticandbizarreuglinessthat inlookingback theybecomealmostfiendishandwicked onecanscarcelyimaginehumanbeingsbearinglifeinthem Onecanscarcelyimaginepeoplelivinginthesehousesandbearingandbringingupchildreninthem WordsandExpressions Paraphrasing Para6 Aretheysofrightfulbecausethevalleyisfullofforeigners dull insensatebrutes withnoloveofbeautyinthem insensate notfeeling ornotcapableoffeelingRhetoricquestionforeffect Arethehousessofrightfullyuglybecausethevalleyisinhabitedbyalotofforeignerswhoarestupidandunfeelinglikeanimalsandwhohavenoloveofbeautyinthem savingperhapsinthemoreputridpartsofEngland putrid decomposing rottenandfoul smellingyouwon tfindanyabominablehousesinEurope exceptinsomerottenanddecayingareasinEngland ButintheAmericanvillageandsmalltownthepullisalwaystowardugliness andinthatWestmorelandvalleyithasbeenyieldedtowithaneagernessborderinguponpassion pull drawingforce appealborderupon tobelike almostbesarcasm B