职称英语复习第二部分阅读判断附翻译.doc

第二部分阅读判断阅读下面的短文，短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断，如果该句提供的是正确信息，就选 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，就选 B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，就选 C。第十一篇 Computer Mouse The basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting1, drawing, and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think2 how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at things before we learn to speak, so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Other computer pointing devices include light pens graphics tablets and touch screens, but the mouse is still our workhorse. The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University. As computer screens became more popular and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text, it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse, with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983, really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks.3 How does the mouse work? We have to start at the bottom, so think upside down for now. It all starts with the mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad, it presses against and turns two shafts. The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called light-emitting diodes (LED) mounted on either side4. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by, the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place. The LED detects a changing pattern of light, converts the pattern into an electronic signal, and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out the mouse body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name. The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer screen. So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used.5 One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts.词汇: scroll /skrEu/ v.(在显示屏上 )上下移动文本 pad /pAd/ n.垫板 mouse pad鼠标垫板 graphics /5rAfiks/ n.图形，图表 tablet /5tAblit/ .n书写板 graphics tablet图形书写板 workhorse /5w:khC:s/ n.重负荷工作部件 shaft /FB:ft/ n.轴，杆状物 emit /i5mit/ v.射出 diode /5daiEud/ n.二极管 cursor /FB:ft/ n.光标 optical /5CptikEl/ adj.光学的注释： 1. copying and pasting：复制和粘贴 2. without stopping to think：没有停下来想一下。“ stop +动词不定式”是“停下来去做某件事”，“ stop +动名词”是“停止做某件事”。例如： We stopped to rest for a while.我们停下来休息一会儿。 He stopped smoking.他停止抽烟。 3. started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks：使广大电脑用户开始踏上一条依赖鼠标完成常规电脑工作的道路。 computer public：电脑公众。 road to中的 to是介词，所以后接动名词 relying。 4. mounted on either side = mounted on both sides 5. So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used：到目前为止，我们只限于讨论基本型的电脑鼠标，你们中间多数人也许拥有一个鼠标，也许你们已用过鼠标。练习： 1. Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 2. According to the author, general computer users need not to know how the computer mouse was invented. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 3. The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body, which looks like the tail of a mouse. A. Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 4. The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 5. When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty, it has to be replaced with a new one. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6. The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 7. The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the former has no moving parts. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 答案与题解：1. B题句的意思是大多数电脑使用者都想了解鼠标的工作原理。这与短文的介绍不符。短文第一段第三句说，大多数电脑使用者天天用电脑却没有想到要了解一下鼠标的工作原理。题句的信息是错误的，故答案为 B。 2. C 题句表达的意思是，短文作者认为一般电脑使用者无需了解鼠标是如何发明的。题句表达的内容短文中找不到，故答案为 C。 3. A 题句说鼠标的名称源自鼠标主体拖出的一根看上去像鼠尾巴的电线，这与短文第三段倒数第二、第三句所介绍的信息相符，所以，本题选项 A是正确答案。 4. A 短文的第三段说到鼠标的部件有滚动部件如滚球，还有光电装置如二极管等。二极管将光信号转换为电信号，传送到电脑，电脑根据收到的电信号做出相应的反应，因此，二极管是鼠标的主要部件，而滚轮等只是辅助性的机械部件。题句对短文信息的推断是正确的，故答案为 A。 5. B 题句说鼠标脏了，就得换用新的。这一说法与短文包含的信息不符。第一段第三句和末段倒数第二句都提到，鼠标脏了，可以擦干净再用。题句的信息是错误的，故答案为 B。 6. C题句说，当前市场上出售的最耐用的鼠标是 IBM生产的鼠标。这一说法短文中找不到，故答案为 C。 7. A 末段说到光学鼠标因为没有普通鼠标使用的滚动部件，所以不会吸附灰尘，用不着擦拭，这是一种新型的鼠标。题句是对短文信息的一种合理的推断，所以选项 A是答案。第十二篇 Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake Scientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean1 is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria2 in AD3 365. Using radiocarbon dating techniques, simulations and computer models, the researchers recreated the ancient disaster in order to identify the responsible fault. We are saying there is probably a repeat time of 800 years for this kind of earthquake, said Ms Beth Shaw, an earthquake scientist at the University of Cambridge, who led the study. Scientists study past earthquakes in order to determine the future possibility of similar large shocks. Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region, Ms. Shaw said. The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete4 last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300, which means the next powerful one could come in the next 100 years, she added in a telephone interview. Ms. Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion, she said. Their computer model suggested an 8 magnitude quake on the fault would produce a tsunami that floods the coastal regions of Alexandria and North Africa, the southern coast of Greece5 and Sicily6 all the way up the Adriati7 to Dubrovnik8. This would be similar to the ancient quake in AD 365 that caused widespread destruction in much of Greece and unleashed a tsunami that flooded Alexandria and the Nile Delta9, likely killing tens of thousands of people, she said.词汇： fault / fC:lt / n. 断层 radiocarbon / 5reidiEu5kB:bEn / n. 放射性碳 interval / 5intEvEl / n. 间隔 destruction / 5reidiEu5kB:bEn / n. 破坏，毁灭 tsunami / tsju:5nB:mi /n.海啸 simulation / 7simju5leiFEn /n. 模拟 magnitude / 5mAnitju:d / n. 等级 unleash / 5Qn5li:F / v. 放出，释放注释： 1. the eastern Mediterranean: 地中海东部 2. Alexandria:阿里山大 埃及北部港市 3. AD: 公元后（ AD是拉丁文 Anno Domini首字母的所写） 4. Crete: 希腊克里特岛 5. Greece: 希腊 6. Sicily: 意大利西西里岛 7. Adriati:亚得利亚海 8. Dubrovnik: 杜布罗夫尼克 克罗地亚港市 9. Nile Delta:尼鲁河三角洲 埃及 练习： 1. The fault, which was overlooked before, has been closely studied by scientists. A Right. B Wrong C Not mentioned 2. It is fun to identify the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 3. Radiocarbon dating techniques can be used to identify the age of the earth. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 4. Scientists predict that the next powerful earthquake in the eastern Mediterranean may take place some time before 2100. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 5. Ms. Shaw has her colleagues help her in the study of earthquake prediction. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6, Ms. Shaw measured the movement of either side of the fault to identify the magnitude of the earthquake taking place in AD 365. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 7. The earthquake prediction devices developed by Ms. Shaw are being widely used in the world. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned答案与题解： 1A文章的主题是，以往科学家忽视了地中海断层的存在。现在地震学家对地中海断层进行研究，并认定断层的运动造成公元 365年的地震和海啸，以及推算出地震和海啸发生的周期。所以，本句表达的意思是对的。 2B文章第三段说到， “认定断层造成了公元 365年的地震和海啸，这一认定对该地区的几千万人来说是重要的”。把这项研究说成是有趣的与原文“重要 ”的意思有很大的不同，所以是错误的。 3C 全文没有一处提到 radiocarbon dating techniques可用来确定地球的年龄。 4A Shaw女士和她的研究组认定，地中海东部的断层的移动每 800年左右会引发一次超强地震和海啸。前两次发生的时间分别是 365年和 l300年左右。根据这一推断，在未来 l00年中，会发生一次超强地震和海啸。第三段对此有说明。 5A 这句表达的意思与原文相符。原句见第四段第一句：“ MsShaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to gauge how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion”。 6B Shaw女士和她的研究组测量过 the motion of either side of the fault，但目的不是为了 identify the magnitude of the earthquake taking place in AD 365，而是为了 find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion。 7C 纵观全文，文章中没有一句提到 Shaw女士发明过地震预测装置，更没有谈及这种装置在全世界得到广泛应用这一点。第十三篇 The Northern Lights The Sun is stormy and has its own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Suns gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check1! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour2. These particles are called plasma, and the stream of plasma3 coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun, the stronger the solar wind. The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but dont worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earths magnetic field, the magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect.4 The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth s atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall to the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights. Watching auroras is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate, flicker, or even move like waves. During solar maximum,5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico!6 Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick. We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!词汇： electrify /I5lektrIfaI/ v. 使带电 aurora /C:5rC:rE/ n. 极光 steer /stiE/ v. 驾驶；导向，引向 flicker /5flikE/ v.闪烁 collide /kE5laid/ v.碰撞 plasma /5plAzmE/ n.等离子体electron /I5lektrRn/ n. 电子 pulsate /pQl5seit/ v. 跳动 molecule /5mClikju:l/ n. 分子 Arctic /5B:ktik/ adj. 北极的注释： 1. The sun cannot hold its atmosphere in check：太阳无法控制它自己的大气层。 hold in check是“控制、支配”，例如： He wants to hold the company in check through the managers secretary.他想通过经理的秘书控制公司。 2. move at speeds around a million miles per hour：以约 100万英里的时速运动。 around= about。 3. the stream of plasma：等离子流 4. the magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect：首先，磁场受到挤压，接着磁场磁力线断开又闭合。 5. During solar maximum：在太阳风暴达到最高峰的期间 6. auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico!：位于极南面的佛罗里达州，乃至于墨西哥都能看到极光。 far south意为“极南面”。练习： 1. The Suns gravity is too weak to keep its plasma from flowing to the Earth. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 2. The Earth is quite safe with a magnetic field surrounding it to protect it from the attack by the solar wind. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 3. Some scientists are worrying about the possible disappearance of the Earths protective magnetic field in the future. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 4. The auroras are formed when the electrons falling into the Earths atmosphere at the poles and colliding with gas molecules in the atmosphere. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 5. You cannot sec the Northern Lights unless you are in Alaska or Canada. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6. Tens of thousands of tourists take special trips to Norway and Sweden every year to watch the Northern Lights. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 7. An aurora is generally close to the ground and is very long and thick. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 答案与题解 : 1. B 题句的意思是：太阳的重力太弱，等离子逃离太阳，流向地球。这一说法与短文第一段第一、二句表达的内容不符。句子表达的重点不是太阳的重力太弱，而是太阳太热，其活动又太剧烈，造成等离子逃离太阳，流向地球。所以，答案是选项 B。 2. A 题句说地球相当安全，因为有磁场在高空包围着地球，将太阳风挡在地球大气层外面。题句表达的意思与短文第二段第一句传递的信息相符。虽然短文中没有用 safe这个词，但是“ dont worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds our planet”包含了 safe这层意思，所以选项 A是答案。3. C 题句说，有些科学家担心包围地球起防护作用的磁场有一天会消失。短文中找不到这一信息，所以答案是 C。 4. A 短文第二、三段解释极光的成因。当强大的太阳风侵入地球磁场，磁场的磁力线会断开和闭合，等离子流的电子进入大气层，流向极地上空，与大气层的气体分子发生碰撞，发出极光。题句表达的意思与短文介绍的极光成因相符，所以答案是 A。 5. B 题句的说法明显与短文第三段的叙述不符。第四段介绍说，当在太阳风暴达到高高峰的期间，明亮的北极光甚至在位于极南面的佛罗里达州乃至墨西哥都能看到。所以答案是 B。 6. C题句说，每年有几万游客专程前往挪威和瑞典观看北极光。短文中找不到这一内容，所以答案是 C。 7. B 题句说极光通常很接近地面，又长又厚。这一说法有两点与短文第五段的介绍不符。第一点，极光不是接近地面，而是“似乎很接近地面 (Auroras often seem to be very close to he ground)”，事实上，最靠近地面的极光离地面也有 100公里。第二点，极光不厚，“ only a few hundred meters thick”。所以答案是 B。第十四篇 Biodiesel Yuthachai of Thailand has invented a home-grown alternative to expensive imported diesel1, a biodiesel derived from vegetable oil. Biodiesel is winning political backing in Thailand because it uses coconut and palm oil, both of which are in price slumps, and it limits the reliance on overseas petroleum source, which has become increasingly expensive. Yuthnchai, 56, has patented his coconut-oil fuel-making process. He developed his biodiesel 18 years ago, using knowledge he gained from working on a plantation and fixing farm machinery. He now sells his fuel at service stations, but refuses to sell his patent, despite attractive offers from overseas oil firms. He is determined to retain control of his formula and keep it accessible to farmers, so they can make their own fuel. There are several formulations of biodiesel, but Yuthachais is one of the most basic, using 20 parts crude coconut oil to one part kerosene. It requires only simple, affordable technology to make and works in unmodified, slow-running engines. Despite the public interest in biodiesel, the government has been cautious about Yuthachais fuel. Since there is currently no regulatory system for vegetable-oil fuels, Yuthachai fuel cannot be used in regular vehicles. But farmers and ferry operators are more enthusiastic, buying 700,000 liters a day of biodiesel made from crude vegetable oils to run farm machines and boats. Demand is growing: A liter of biodiesel is 4-6 US cents cheaper than diesel. According to some scientists, the biodiesel produced from crude coconut oil may not run through engines as easily as diesel, and fatty-acid deposits can damage engines in the long run2. A solution may soon come from using waste cooking oil. An experimental biodiesel plant to refine the waste oil is being built in Thailand. The plant will show the biodieselmaking potential of 60,000 tonnes of waste cooking oil that Bangkok generates daily. Other Asian countries have been researching biodiesel Malaysia, and the Philippines for 20 years but Thailand is the first country to have public policy supporting its commercialization. That trend looks like continuing,3 with the government in talks with a U. S. company to build a more advanced plant in Thailand. Until thats working, homegrown biodiesels will help boost the fortunes of struggling Thais.词汇： biodiesel n.生物柴油 Thailand /5tailAnd/ n.泰国Thai /5tB:i(:)/ n.泰国人 regulatory /5rejulEtEri/ adj.管理的，控制的 coconut /5kEukEnQt/ n.凡椰子 fatty-acid脂肪酸 slump /slQmp/ n.暴跌 refine /ri5fain/ v.精炼 affordable adj.负担得起的 commercialization n.商业化kerosene /5kerEsi:n/ n.煤油，火油 注释： 1. a home-grown alternative to expensive imported diesel：取代昂贵的进口柴油的一种本地产的燃料。 alternative之后接介词 to。 2. in the long run：最后，最终 3. That trend looks like continuing：发展势头似乎还要继续下去 look like：看上去像。如：It looks like rain.看上去要下雨了。练习： 1. Thailand suffers a lot due to the price slumps of its biodiesel. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 2. Biodiesel is superior in quality to traditional petroleum. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 3. Biodiesel can be made from coconut and palm oil, or from waste cooking oil. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 4. Malaysia, and the Philippines are the first countries in the world to have public policy supporting the commercialization of biodiesels. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 5. Yuthachai fuel is welcomed by both farmers and ferry operators for its low prices. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6. Yuthachai, the inventor of biodiesel, is currently the general manager of a US Thailand joint venture in Bangkok. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 7. It seems that Yuthachai places his fellow farmers interest before his own. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 答案与题解： 1. C文章没有涉及“由于生物柴油价格暴跌，泰国损失惨重”这一话题。 2. B 本题给出的信息是错误的。事实上，根据第五段的第一句： the biokiesel produced from crude coconut oil may not run through engines as ealily as diesel, and fatty-acid deposits can damage engines in the long run，生物柴油的质量比普通柴油要差。 3