Unit Five Love is a Fallacy.ppt

Unit5LoveisaFallacy LiXingqiaoCollegeofInternationalExchange CompulsoryForeignLanguagesEducation TeachingObjectives 1 Learnsomebackgroundinformationofthetext 2 understandthestructureandgraspthemainideaofthetext 3 masterthelanguagepointsappearedintheunit 4 Tofamiliarizestudentswithbasicknowledgeoflogicalfallacies 5 helpstudentstoappreciatethehumoroftheauthor 6 conductaseriesofdiscussing analyzing presentingactivitiesrelatedtothethemeofthisessay Unit5LoveisaFallacy CONTENTS B E Lead in GlobalReading DetailedReading Exercise Homework PostReading Unit5LoveisaFallacy BackgroundKnowledge 1 Whatdoyouknowabouttheauthor Lead in MaxShulman March14 1919 August28 1988 wasoneofAmerica sbest knownhumorists Hehaswrittennovels stories Broadwayplays moviescenarios televisionscripts Lotsofhisnovelswereadaptedtothescreen BestrememberedforcreatingthepopularcharacterDobieGillis atypicalAmericanteenwhofrequentlysufferedfromromanticangst worry Thecharacterappearedonapopulartelevisionsitcom situationcomedy duringthe50sandwasinafeaturefilmin1953 Lead in Hisworks Lead in Hisworks 2 WhatdoyouknowaboutJohnRuskin Lead in JohnRuskin 8February1819 20January1900 wasanEnglishartcriticandsocialthinker alsorememberedasapoetandartist HisessaysonartandarchitecturewereextremelyinfluentialintheVictorianandEdwardianeras Hisworks TheStonesofVeniceTheSevenLampsofArchitectureTimeandTidePositiveprogramforsocialreforms SesameandLilies 芝麻和百合 TheCrownofWildOliveTheKingoftheGoldenRiver 3 WhatdoyouknowaboutFrankenstein Lead in FrankensteinisanovelwrittenbytheBritishauthorMaryShelley Thetitleofthenovelreferstotheprotagonist ascientistnamedVictorFrankenstein wholearnshowtocreatelifeandcreatesabeinginthelikenessofman butlargerthanaverageandmorepowerful Itprovestobeamonsterwhodestroyedthecreator Inpopularculture peoplehavetendedtorefertotheCreatureas Frankenstein despitethefactthatthiswasthenameofthescientist notthecreature 4 Whatisloveinyouropinion Lead in Loveisaprofoundlytender passionateaffectionforanotherperson Toloveistogive tocare tomaketheonelovedhappierwithoutwantinganythinginreturn Thefollowingquotationshelpinterpretthemeaningoflove Loveisacollaborativeworkofart Loveiswork Loverequirescooperation Loverequirescompromise Loverequiressharedresponsibility Lead in Loverequirescommunication Lovedemandssacrifice Loveisanaestheticexperience Loveinvolvescreativity Lovecannotbeachievedbyformula Loverequireshowyouseetheworld Lovemaybetransientorpermanent Loveisuniqueineachinstance Lifeisthequestion loveistheanswer Truelove 5 Whatdoyouknowaboutlogicfallacies Lead in 1 DictoSimplicity绝对判断谬误 thefallacyiscommittedbyanargumentthatappliesageneralruletoaparticularcaseinwhichsomespecialcircumstancesmaketheruleinappropriate Carisfast Thereforeeverytimewehangout weshoulddriveacar Dogisapet Everyonelikesit Posteducationisbeneficial soeveryoneshouldatleastgetabachelordegree JapanesewagedawartoChinese whichhadnothingtodowithhumanitybuteverythingtodowithaggression ThereforeeveryJapaneseisguiltyandshouldbecondemned Lead in 2 HastyGeneralization草率结论谬误 Theconversefallacyofaccidentarguesimproperlyfromaspecialcasetoageneralrule Tomisaprimestudent Janeisaprimestudent Jackisaprimestudent Allthestudentsthereforeinthisclassareprimestudents Ihaven tseenaUFO Jasonhasn teither MsYanhasn tprobably sonoUFOatall 3 PostHoc牵强附会谬误 Thefallacyoffalsecausemislocatesthecauseofonephenomenoninanotherthatisonlyseeminglyrelated Posthocmistakestemporalsequenceforcausalconnection Don tsingthissong Everytimeyousingthissong thebabygetssick Hiseyesareverybig sohemusthavegoodeyesight Lead in 4 ContradictoryPremises矛盾前提谬误 Theconclusioniscontradictorytothepremise Thisisthemightiestswordwhichisabletoshatteranyshield andthatisthemostindestructibleshieldwhichiscapableofenduringanystroke 5 AdMisericordiam文不对题谬误 Thefallacyofirrelevantconclusioniscommittedwhentheconclusionchangesthepointthatisatissueinthepremises Hewaslatetotheclasstoday Becausehewasscoldedbyhismotheryesterday Maybeheisn tqualifiedenoughforthisjob butthinkabouthisrelationships hisuncleisthemayor andhisfatheristhechairmanofthecompanywhichhassteadybusinessrelationswithus Lead in 6 FalseAnalogy错误类别谬误 SincewehavemooncakesintheMoonFestival whydon twehavespringcakesintheSpringFestival 7 HypothesisContrarytoFact与事实相反的假设谬误 Ifthegunpowderhadn tbeeninvented therewouldn thavebeensomanywarsintheworld HowcouldyouhavepassedtheexamwhatifIhadn ttoldyoutheanswerinadvance 8 PoisoningtheWell投井下毒谬误 speakingagainsttheman ratherthantotheissueinwhichthepremisesmayonlymakeapersonalattackonapersonwhoholdssomethesis insteadofofferinggroundsshowingwhywhathesaysisfalse Don tlistentoanywordfromhim forheismostshamefulcheatingaroundtheworld 1 Whatimplicationdoesthetitlecontain GlobalReading Thereisadeceptiveordelusivequalityaboutlove Loveisanerror adeceptionthatdoesnotfellowtheprincipleoflove 2 What sthemainideaortheplotofthestory Thenarratorofthestory DobieGilles afreshmaninalawschoolstruggledagainstPeteyBurch hisroommatewhosegirlfriendheplannedtosteal InordertomakePollyasuitablewifeforhimself Dobiegaveheraseriesoflessonsonlogicalfallaciesonafewnights dating YetwhathehaddonebackfiredonhimwhenPollyrefutedallhisargumentsaslogicalfallaciesbeforefinallyrejectinghim justbecauseBurchownedaraccooncoatthatallfashionablepeopleoncampuswerewearing InfactitwasDobiehimselfwhogaveBurchtheraccooncoatfortheprivilegeofdatingthegirl 3 Theelementsofthestory GlobalReading Theme loveisafallacy tobespecific loveisanerror adeceptionandanemotionthatdoesnotfollowtheprinciplesoflogic Throughthestory wecanfindthatintheaffluentsociety girlsdonotwantbrilliant giftedoreducatedhusbands butwanthusbandswhoarerichandwealthyenoughtoprovideallthethingsnecessaryforkeepingupwiththeJoneses home clothes cars etc Protagonist DobieGillesAntagonists PeteyBurch PollyEspyTone light humorous satiricalPointofview firstpersonClimax Para147 150whenPollyrefusedtogosteadywithDobbiebecauseshehadalreadypromisedtogosteadywithPeteyBurch Mainidea Loveisfallacy itdoesn tfollowlogic Structure Mainidea Thedealtochangethecaccooncoatforthegirlfriend Mainidea Abriefcommentonthestory PartII Para 4 59 PartIII Para 60 124 PartI Para 1 3 PartIV Para 125 154 Mainidea ThetoughjobofmakingPollysmartbyteachingherlogic GlobalReading DetailedReadingofPartI 1 WhatdoyouknowaboutcharlesLamb MainIdea CharlesLamb Feb 10 1775 London England Dec 27 1834 Edmonton Middlesex Englishessayistandcritic best knownforhisseriesofmiscellaneous 各种各样的 EssaysofElia butalsoamongthegreatestofEnglishletterwriters andaperceptiveliterarycritic Abriefcommentonthestory DetailedReadingofPartI 2 WhatdoyouknowaboutThomasCarlyle ThomasCarlyle 4December1795 5February1881 wasaScottishsatiricalwriter essayist historianandteacherduringtheVictorianera Hecalledeconomics thedismalscience wrotearticlesfortheEdinburghEncyclopedia andbecameacontroversialsocialcommentator DetailedReadingofPartI 3 Whatarethecommentsmadeaboutthestory HecompareitwithCharlesLamb smemorable informalessays ThisisalsoaninformalessaythatventuresevenbeyondLamb sfrontier whichis limp or flaccid orpossibly spongy Itiswithoutdoubtanessay foritdevelopsanargument itcitesinstances itreachesaconclusion Theessayorstorywhichundertakestodemonstratethatlogic farfrombeingadry pedanticdiscipline isaliving breathingthing fullofbeauty passion andtrauma DetailedReadingofPartI Languagepoints 1 enterprising a Showinginitiativeandwillingnesstoundertakenewprojects有事业心的 富进取心的 practice Someenterprisingstudentsaredesigningsoftware It sveryenterprisingofthemtostartupabusinesslikethat 2 fetter n chainputroundthefeetofapersonoranimaltolimitmovement脚镣 v toputchainsonaprisoner shandsorfeet torestrictsomeone sfreedom practice Theprisonerwaskeptinfetters Ihatebeingfetteredbypettyrulesandregulations DetailedReadingofPartI Languagepoints 3 Limp v towalkslowlyandwithdifficultybecauseonelegishurtorinjured跛行 a notstifforfirm柔软的 practice Theinjuredfootballerlimpedslowlyoffthefield Hisbodysuddenlywentlimpandhefelldownonthefloor alimphandshake alimpopposition 4 flaccid a softandweakinsteadoffirm lackingvigororenergy软弱的 松弛的 不结实的 松软无力的 practice Thecompany sconditionworsenedfortheflaccidmanadement Beingratherold she sgotflaccidcheeks DetailedReadingofPartI Languagepoints 5 pedantic a characterizedbyanarrow oftenostentatious 炫耀的 卖弄的 concernforbooklearningandformalrules 迂腐的 学究式的 payingtoomuchattentiontorulesortosmallunimportantdetails practice Readinginapedanticwaymayturnyouintoabookwormorabookcase whichhaslongbeenopposed Somepeoplecanbeverypedanticaboutpunctuation 6 trauma n Anemotionalwoundorshockthatcreatessubstantial lastingdamagetothepsychologicaldevelopmentofaperson创伤 practice Shewasgoingthroughthetraumasofdivorce DetailedReadingofPartII Subsection1 Para 4 5 TheevaluationofhimselfandPetey Subsection2 Para 6 19 Petey sclaimtohavearaccooncoat Subsection3 Para 20 27 mydecisiontotakeadvantageofPeteytowinPolly Subsection4 Para 28 40 Myfirstroundsofprobetoweighmydecision Para 4 59 MainIdea ThedealtochangethecaccooncoatforPetey sgirlfriend Subsection5 Para 41 59 ThedealtoexchangethecaccooncoatforPetey sgirlfriend DetailedReadingofSubsection1 Para 4 5 1 HowdoesthenarratorevaluatehimselfandPetey Whatkindofpersonalitydoesthatshow Dobieheapsonhimselfallthebeautifulwordsofpraisehecanthinkof cool logical keen calculating perspicacious acute astute mybrainaspowerfulasadynamo aspreciseasachemist sscales aspenetratingasascalpel foronewhoisonlyeighteen itisnotoften Dobiewascalm controlled rational andaboveallarrogantandselfconceited Atthesametime thenarratortakeseveryopportunitytodowngradePetey Hecallshim dumb nothingupstairs mindless unstable impressionableandafaddist DetailedReadingofPartII Languagepoints 1 keen a eager enthusiastic热切的 热心的 offeelings etc intense strong 指感情等 强烈的 深刻的 ofthesensesormind sensitiveandquicktounderstand敏锐的 精明的 practice Sheiskeenontennis Ihaveakeendesiretogothere Dogshaveakeensenseofsmell 2 perspicacious goodatjudgingandunderstandingpeopleandsituations insightful有洞察力的 判断力强的 practice Itisveryperspicaciousofyoutofindthecauseofthetroublesoquickly Hisperspicaciousgrandfatherhadboughtthelandasaninvestment guessingthattheremightbegoldunderground DetailedReadingofPartII Languagepoints 3 acute a seriousorsevere严重的 offeelings strong sharp sensitive 敏锐的 剧烈的 ofthemind quicktounderstand敏锐的 精明的 practice There sanacuteshortageofwater Heisanacuteobserver HegaveusanacuteanalysisofMiddleEasternpolitics 4 astute a cleverandquickatseeinghowtogainanadvantage shrewd精明的 机敏的 狡诈的 practice Billwasanastutepolitician nervermakingamistakeinjudgingtheworldsituation Itwasanastutemovetoselljustbeforepriceswentdown DetailedReadingofPartII Languagepoints 5 fad n fashion interest preference enthusiasm etcthatisnotlikelytolast流行的时尚 爱好 狂热等 faddistn practice Hisinterestinphotographyisonlyapassingfad Heisoneofleadingfaddistsinouruniversity 6 negate v topreventsomethingfromhavinganyeffect使不起作用或无效 todenyordisprovetheexistenceof sb sth 否定或否认 某人 某事物 的存在 negativea negationn practice Thesefactsnegateyourtheory Mydrinkingwasstartingtohaveanegativeeffectonmywork Heshookhisheadinsilentnegation DetailedReadingofSubsection2 Para 6 19 1 HowdidPeteywantaraccooncoat Howdidtheauthorshowushiskeendesireforit Hewantsaraccooncoatverymuch Hewantsaraccooncoatsomuchthatheseemstobesick IfoundPeteylyingonhisbedwithanexpressionofsuchdistressonhisfacethatIimmediatelydiagnosedappendicitis Hewassoconcernedaboutitthatherepeatedlymentioned raccoon VerbsusedintheseParas showshiskeendesireforit mumble wail cry pound leapedfromthebedandpacedtheroom interruptedimpatiently hedeclared I dgiveanythingforaraccooncoat Anything MainIdea Petey sclaimtohavearaccooncoat DetailedReadingofPartII Languagepoints 1 shed v tocausetopourforth流出 渗出 spreadorsendsthout散发出 tolosebynaturalprocess let sth fallorcomeoff脱落 剥落 practice Shehadnotshedasingletearduringthefuneral Thelampshedsoftlightonthedesk Thetreeswerestartingtoshedtheirleaves 2 Tobeintheswim ofsth informalknowingaboutandinvolvedinwhatishappeninginaparticularsituation tobeoutoftheswim practice Beingretired Iamquiteoutoftheswim ofthings Tomwastesmuchtimeandenergytobeintheswim DetailedReadingofSubsection3 Para 20 27 1 HowandwhydidDobiemakethedecisiontogetPetey DobiemadethedecisiontogetPeteythroughthedepictionofhismentalactivities Hecansethishandsonaraccooncoat andPeteyhadPollyhewanted DobiemadethedecisiontogetPeteynotbecausehelovedheremotionally butshefitstherightkindofwifeinfurtheringalawyer scareerforthefollowingqualifications Beautifulshewas notyetofpin upproportionsbuthadthemakings Graciousshewas anerectnessofcarriage aneaseofbearing apoisethatindicatedthebestofbreeding herexquisitemannersattable Intelligentshewasnot butIcansmartenherup MainIdea MydecisiontotakeadvantageofPeteytowinPolly DetailedReadingofPartII Languagepoints gear n setoftoothedwheelswhichfitintoanothersettotransmitpowerfromavehicle senginetoitsroadwheelscilun齿轮传动装置 排挡 tochange switch shiftgears调档 换拍档 2 togetone shandsonsth informaltosucceedingettingsomething practice She sonlymarryinghimtogetherhandsonhismoney DetailedReadingofPartII Languagepoints 3 covet v tohaveaverystrongdesiretohavesomething espsththatbelongstosbelse 渴求 贪求 非分妄想 covetousa practice NobelPrizesarecovetedbyartistsandscientists Sheiscovetousoflearning 4 gracious a ofpersonsandbehaviour kind politeandgenerous elegant noble和善的 有礼貌的 大方的 高雅的 practice TheQueenthankedtheminagraciousmanner Lindawasthemostgracious helpful andgenerouspersontoworkwith DetailedReadingofPartII Languagepoints 5 tohavethemakingsofsth tohavethequalitiesorskillsnecessarytobesth ortodoaparticularjob具备 的素质 有条件做 practice Hehasthemakingsofagoodlawyer Jasonhasthemakingsofaworld classfootballer 5 carrage n somedevicesthatcanbeusedtocarrythingsorpeople includingvehicleswithwheels passengercar oranytransportingorsupportingdevices Themannerofholdingandmovingone sheadandbody 姿态 仪态 举止 practice Sheboughtanewbabycarriageatthesupermarket Iwasattractedbyhergracefulcarriage DetailedReadingofPartII Languagepoints 7 bearing n Amachineorstructuralpartthatsupportsanotherpartorthing支撑物 支撑装置 轴承 thewayinwhichyoumove stand behave conductyourself仪态 举止 practice Thebearingbrokeandthemachinestopped Alicehasthebearingofamodelwhenshewalks 8 poise v toputorkeepsomethinginacarefullybalancedposition especiallyabovesomethingelse使 平衡 n Astateofbalance stability平衡 平衡 acalm confident gracefulwayofbehaving combinedwithanabilitytocontrolyourfeelingsorreactions 优美 平稳 沉着 姿势 动作 practice Hepoisedthejavelininhishandbeforethrowingit Shegracefullymovedwiththeassuredpoiseofaballetdancer DetailedReadingofPartII Languagepoints 9 dipper n alargespoonwithalonghandle usedfortakingliquidoutofacontainer舀水或汤的用具 10 sauerkraut aGermanfoodmadefromcabbage aroundgreenvegetable thathasbeenleftinsaltsothatittastessour德式泡菜 DetailedReadingofSubsection4 Para 28 40 1 WhatdoyouthinkisDobiedoingtoPetey DobieismisleadingPeteytohisdevisedtrickortrampbytakingtheadvantageofhisidiocy heisleadingPeteytothebeliefthattherelationshipbetweenpollyandPeteyisnothingbutfriendstoleaveroomforhimselftogetthegirl MainIdea Myfirstroundsofprobetoweighmydecision DetailedReadingofSubsection4 Para 41 59 1 WhatdoyouthinkisDobiedoingtoPeteyinthissubsection DobieisconstantlytakingtheadvantageofPetey sidiocyanddesiretohavearaccooncoat HefirstshowedraccooncoattoarousePetey sinterestanddesireforit thenlethimstruugletheretomakethedifficultchoice andfinallyleadhimtochoosetheraccooncoattobeintheswimforbyshowinghimthattherelationshipbetweenpollyandPeteyisnothingbutfriends andhencereachedthedeal MainIdea ThedealtoexchangethecaccooncoatforPetey sgirlfriend DetailedReadingofPartII Languagepoints 1 game n Wildanimals birds orfishhuntedforfoodorsport 为食用或娱乐而捕猎的野生动物 Thefleshoftheseanimals eatenasfood野味 gamya havingthestrongtasteofwildanimalsthatarehuntedforfood 2 mince v Tocutorchopintoverysmall切碎 剁碎 Towalkorspeakinanaffectedmanner tryingtoappeardelicateorrefined装腔作势地走或说 委婉地 扭捏地 practice Don tmincewords saywhatyoumean Awomanminceduptothem Mincedmeat DetailedReadingofPartII Languagepoints 3 stout a ofaperson ratherfat solidlybuilt肥硕的 富态的 stronginstructureorsubstance 牢固的 结实的 determined braveandresolute坚决的 勇敢的 practice She sgrowingratherstout Iboughtapairofstoutboots RobinHoodwasamanwithastoutheart 4 swivel n linkorjointbetweentwopartsenablingoneparttorevolvewithoutturningtheother转环 旋轴 causesthto turnonorasifonaswivel使 在旋轴上转动 practice Aswivelchair Sheswivelledherheadroundtowatchwhatwashappening DetailedReadingofPartII Languagepoints 5 wax v torubalayerofwaxonsurfaceofsth toshowaprogressivelylargerilluminatedarea asthemoondoesinpassingfromnewtofull 渐满 月亮由新月到满月 Toincreasegraduallyinsize number strength orintensity 变大 增加 practice Thefloorhasjustbeenwaxed Themoonwaxestillitbecomesfull Theempirebegantowaxinthe5thcentury 6 wane v todecreasegraduallyinsize amount intensity ordegree decline 衰落 减小 衰退 Toexhibitadecreasingilluminatedareafromfullmoontonewmoon 月 亏 缺 从满月到新月期 practice Myinterestintheproblemwaned Themoonwillbecomefullafteritwanes DetailedReadingofPartIII Subsection1 Para 60 ThefirstdatewithPollyinthenatureofasurvey Subsection2 Para 61 96 TheteachingofSomelogicsonthenightoftheirnextdate Para 60 124 MainIdea ThetoughjobofmakingPollysmartbyteachingherlogics Subsection5 Para 41 59 Theteachingofotherlogicsoftheirfollowingdates DetailedReadingofPartIII 1 CommentonthelanguageusedbyPolly Whateffectdoesherlanguagecreate ThewriterdeliberatelymakesPollyusealotofexclamatorywordslike Gee Oo wow dow andclippedvulgarformslike delish marvy terrif etc tocreatetheimpressionofasimpleandratherstupidgirl Thiscontrastsstronglywiththeboastingofthenarratorandthushelpsincreasetheforceofsatire irony andhumor DetailedReadingofPartIII Languagepoints 1 loom v toappearinanindistinctandoftenthreateningway隐现 常令人生畏 ifaproblemordifficultylooms itislikelytohappenverysoon practice Suddenlyamountainloomedupinfrontofthem Aneconomiccrisisisloomingahead 2 havesthatone sfingertips v tohaveknowledgeorinformationreadyandavailabletouseveryeasily手头有某物随时可供应用 tobecompletelyfamiliarwithsth 精通某事 practice Wehaveallthefactsandfiguresatourfingertips Davidseemstogetthew