高中英语定语从句详解.xls

第 1 页 共 21 页 8 点击朗诵外语 需要启用宏后才能使用朗诵功能 启用方法 先启用编辑 然后启用宏内容 2003版启用方法如下 工具 宏 安全性 低或中 重启文档 启用宏 不会启用宏 点击查看帮助 1 He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good for nothing 不懂装懂 一事无成 2 It s the first step that costs 千里之行 始于足下 3 He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf 甘 当小绵羊 迟早要喂狼 概念 1 定语从句 在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句 定语从句一 般紧接在先行词 antecedent 后面 2 先行词 被定语从句修饰的成份 先行词可以为一个词 短语 或整 个主句 3 引导定语从句的词叫关系词 分为关系代词和关系副词 关系词的作用 1 引导定语从句 连接主句和从句 相当于一个连词 2 必在从句中作某个句子成份 可以做主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 常用的关系代词 that which who whom whose as but 文语 置于否定词之后 that who not 没有 不 在从句中作主语 宾语 常用的关系副词 在从句中只作状语 when why where The student who answered the question was John I know the reason why he was so angry The boy whom you are talking to is my brother I d like a room whose window looks out over the sea 定语从句三步 第 2 页 共 21 页 第一找出先行词 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能 做主语 宾语或状 语 第三选择合适的关系词 几个关系代词的基本用法 that 可指人或物 在定语从句中作主语 宾语 表语 指人时 相当于who或 whom 指物时 相当于which 一般不用于非限制性定语从句 不可 置于介词后作宾语 如 1 A letter that which is written in pencil is difficult to read 主语 2 Do you know the gentleman that who spoke just now 3 You can take anything that you like 宾语 4 What is the question that which they are talking about 5 Here is the man who whom that you want to see 6 She s no longer the girl that she used to be before 表语 7 Our hometown is no longer the one that it used to be NAME NAME NAME which 指物 在定语从句中作主语 宾语 表语 定语 如 1 The book which that was on the desk was bought b y my father 主语 第 3 页 共 21 页 2 The book which that I bought yesterday is very interesting 宾语 3 The factory in which his father works is far from here 4 He was proud which his brother never was 表 语 5 Tom spent four years in college during whi ch time he learned French 定语 6 He may be late in which case we ought to wait for him who whom whose who 主格 在从句中作主语 在口语或非正式用法中作宾语 只可指人 whom 宾格 在从句中作宾语 只可指人 whose 属格 在从句中作定语 可指人也可指物 I like the students who that work hard 主语 All who heard the story were amazed 代词如he they any those all one等后多用who Chaplin for whom life had once been very hard was a success as an actor 宾语 He s a man from whom we should learn He s a man whom who that we should learn from 比较 He is the student whom you think to be worthy of your praise He is the student who you think is worth praising A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan 指人 I d like a room whose window faces south 指物 I d like a room of which the window faces south 第 4 页 共 21 页 I d like a room the window of which faces south There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck out of whose mouth tea is supposed to come 关系代词作介词宾语 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时 介词可放于从句之 首 也可放于从句之末 但以放 于句首较为正式 介词前置 必须注意不影响动词词组的含 义 关系代词who 和 that 用 作介词宾语时 介词必须放在句末 This is the book for which you asked This is the book that which you asked for Do you know the person with whom I shook hands D o you know the person whom who that I shook hands with The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress with which nothing could compare until our information age In the dark street there wasn t a single person to whom she could turn for help Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week This is the girl whom they are looking after 介词 after与look构成固定词组 不可前置 look at look for look after take care of等 as 的用法 as 引导定语从句 在定语从句中作主语 宾 语 表语 第 5 页 共 21 页 如为限制性的 多用于the same as the same as su ch as as many much as so as等结构中 如 I have the same book as you have 我有一本和你 的一样的书 Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been 关系代词as和指示代词same连 用 在从句中用作表语 先行词是same Why didn t you mention that in face of the police just now NAME We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests Don t do such things as you are not sure about There is no such place as you dream of in all this world 比较 I live in the same house that he used to live in I m wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday 比较 Here is so big a stone as no one can lift 定语从句 Here is so big a stone that no one can li ft it 结果状语从句 如为非限制性的 多单独引导一个定语从句 这种定语从 句可置于句首 句中或句尾 译 为 正如 这一点 动词常为know see expect point out etc As we all know smoking is harmful to one s health as 作宾语 As is known to all smoking is harmful to one s he alth as 作主语 It s known to all that smoking is harmful to one s health 第 6 页 共 21 页 Smoking is harmful to one s health as we all kno w as 作宾语 Smoking as we all know is harmful to one health He was a foreigner as I knew from his accent 宾 语 先行词是前面整个句子 关系副词引导的定语从句 When 指时间 在定语从句中作时间状语 其先行词是表时 间的名词 如 time day week tear month etc He came last night when I was out We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather would be better 注意 先行词为 时间名词 可用when引导定语从句 when 在定语从句中作状语 还可以 用which或that 引导 which或that在从句中作主语或宾语 比较 I still remember the day when on which my br other joined the army 作状语 Next month when you will be in your hometown is just around the corner I still remember the days which that we spent toget her 作宾语 Next winter which that you ll spend in Harbin I m sure will be exciting I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou was launched which has a great effect on my life There are occasions when joking is not permissible Where 指地点 在定语从句中作地点状语 其先行词是表 示地点的名词 如 place school 第 7 页 共 21 页 factory room etc This is the place where I was born I live in the room where in which he used to live 注意 先行词是 地点名词 定语从句可用where引导 还可 用which或that引导 which that 在从句中作主语或宾语 比较 This is the factory where in which he work ed last year 作状语 The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely I think you have got to the point where a change is needed or you would fail Government reports legal papers and most business letters are the main situations where English is used He s got himself into a dangerous situation where he s likely to lose control of the plane The small mountain village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what the place which is now part of Hubei This is the park which that they visited last year 作宾语 Not having been there before he simply had no idea about the place which everyone says is worth visiting Why 指原因 在定语从句中作原因状语 先行词为reason 时 可用for which指代 当 关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时 则用which或that 引导 如 第 8 页 共 21 页 The reason why for which that he didn t attend the meeting was that he was ill I don t believe the reason that which he gave me 作宾语 Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success 作主语 Ex He was late That s because he got up late He got up late That s why he was late 表语从 句 the reason why for which he was late 定语从句 当先行词为way时 定语从句常用that in which 或how引 导 that常可以省略 way后的定语从句 的引导词不用时较多 但如果关系词在句 中作主语或宾语 时 则用which或that 引导 如 This is the way that in which I do such things 比较 Please do the experiment in the way that wh ich I have shown you 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1 形式上 非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开 2 语法上 非限制性定语从句一般不用that 3 语义上 限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密 起限定作用 如果去掉了这个定语从句 整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思 而非限制性定语从句与 先行词关系不是很紧密 对先行 词起补充说明或描述的作用 This is the book I like best 这就是我最喜欢的那本 书 第 9 页 共 21 页 Beijing which has been China s capital for more than 800 years is rich in cultural and historic relics 北京是中国八百年之久的古都 它有着丰富的文化 和历史遗产 4 翻译时 限制性定语从句可译为一句 较短的一般译为 的 字结构 而非限制性定语从 句可译为两句 见上句翻译 比较 He has a sister who is a musician He has a sister who is a musician 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词 指人时用who whom wh ose 指物时用which whose 关系副词when where why etc 1 He studied hard at school when he was young which leads to his success in his later life 2 Tom s father who arrived just now is a famous scientist 3 They set up a separate state of their own where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves 4 He was proud which his brother never was 几个易混淆的关系代词的比较 that as is known to all as you see as we can see as has been expected as we have imagined 训练题汇总 EX1 用定语从句完成下列句子 1 This is the most beautiful forest 我所见过的 第 15 页 共 21 页 2 Dou Po Tang 陡坡塘 Waterfall 位于贵州省的 is 105 meters wide and 21 meters high EX2用适当的关系词填空 Have a try 1 I will never forget the day I first went to school I will never forget the day we spent in Beijing 2 The house we visited is being repaired now The house Luxun once lived is being repaired now Ex3选择适当的代词填空 注意非限制性定语从句和单句的比 较 1 I am reading Harry Porter is an interesting book 2 He failed in the exam made his parents angry 3 He failed in the exam made his parents angry 4 He has two sons Both of are teachers 5 He has two sons both of are teachers EX4 思考 用五种方式 定语从句 翻译句子 这是他工作的工厂 1 This is the factory he works 2 This is the factory he works 3 This is the factory he works in 4 This is the factory he works in 5 This is the factory he works in EX5 思考 介词 关系代词的情况 介词 关系代词的情况 1 第 16 页 共 21 页 The man whom you spoke was a scientist The city she lives in is far away 介词 关系代词的情况 2 Are these two sentences r ight The man who whom you spoke to was a scientist The city that which she lives in is far away 介词 关系代词的情况 3 Are these two sentences r ight The man to who whom you spoke was a scientist The city in that which she lives is far away 结论 介词 关系代词的情况 4 下面两句中的介词能提前吗 Is this the watch that you are looking for The old man whom I am looking after is better 结论 Sum up 介词 关系代词 介词 关系代词引导的定语从句 关键是判断介词的选择 方法一 根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配 方法二 根据从 句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 注意 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时 从句常常由 介词 关系代词 引出 此时关 系代词只能用which 或 whom 不可用that 或who 代替 第 17 页 共 21 页 Ex6 介词 关系代词的使用 1 Do you like the book she spent 10 2 Do you like the book she paid 10 3 Do you lik