07级旅游与饭店管理专业宾馆职业英语复习必备学习.doc

美式论文、报告写作技巧 编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及 seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下： (一) 篇首： 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文： 引言(Introduction) 主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section) 、以及注释 (Footnotes) (三)参考资料： 参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix)。 进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者： 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范围 三.资料搜集的范围 四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或 Proposal 的先前步骤， 大纲是论文、报告的骨干， Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如 Seminar 式的报告。 就算是小报告，也至少应含 (一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期 (二)Summary： 即主要的结论 (三)Introduction：包括理论背景及内容 (四)Technical Sections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为 几个片断。 (五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论 (六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在 此项 美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。 论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation)，用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。07级旅游与饭店管理专业宾馆职业英语复习一、单元重难点1. Unit 11) Id like to book a room, please.2) A single room or a double room?3) When for?4) May I have your name and telephone number, please?5) Whats the rate for a single room?6) OK, we are looking forward to seeing you.7) Im afraid we are fully booked.8) What time will you arrive, sir?9) be known as10) be allowed to11) more than2. Unit 21) I have a reservation for tonight. 2) Just a moment, please.3) May I see your passport, please?4) Would you like to fill in the form, please?5) How are you going to pay, sir? In cash or by credit card?6) The porter will show you to your room. Have a nice evening.7) Have you got a book, madam?8) Im very sorry, madam. Your hotel is fully booked.9) Could you recommend another hotel?10) Would you like me to ring them for you?11) Thats very kind of you.12) make for13) give a good impression to14) check in15) check out16) and so on17) in a word18) not only but also 19) shop window20) nerve center3. Unit 31) My fight will leave at 7 today and I dont want to wait at the airport.2) The hotel is full and there is someone taking your room.3) Can I just leave my luggage somewhere?4) Ill ask a porter to take care of it.5) Id like to check out now.6) Id like to check out.7) Just a moment, please.8) How would you like to make the payment.9) Ill send a porter to get your luggage.10) one of11) in the world12) arrive in4. Unit 41) Ill show you to your room. After you, sir?2) May I have your room key, please?3) Not at all. Im at your service.4) This is the porter section. May I help?5) Im to check out soon. Could you pick up my luggage, please?6) Ive come for your luggage.7) Is there anything valuable or breakable in them?8) such as9) have to10) make sure11) get in the way12) keep from13) check in14) put away15) take away5. Unit 51) Housekeeping. May I come in?2) Sorry to disturb, sir. But Id like to clean the room. Can I do it now?3) By the way, how long will take to clean the room?4) Turn-down service. May I come in?5) Ill make up the bed and do some cleaning.6) make plans7) take for an example8) in the country 9) plan to10) have some fun11) all the way6. Unit 61) I have some laundry to do, please.2) Whats wrong with it?3) Im sorry to hear that. Ill send someone to repair it.4) Thank you for your service.5) at the airport6) drive sb. To7) have dinner8) set out for9) go swimming10) late into the night11) have a good time7. Unit 71) Is this where I can change for RMB?2) Whats the exchange rate today?3) How much would you like to exchange?4) How would you like your money?5) Here re yuan RMB. Please check it.6) on the back8. Unit 81) Have you got a reservation?2) I have a reservation under the name of Smith.3) I would like a table by the window4) Would like to order, sir?5) How would you like the steak? Rare, medium, or well down?6) Would like anything to drink?7) be named after8) take part in9) a pair of 10) walk around11) in public9. Unit 91) May I serve you?2) Please enjoy your meal.3) Good morning, Room Service speaking. May I help you?4) This is room service. May I come in?5) Heres your meal, madam. Where shall I put it?6) Could you sign here, please?7) according to 8) be made of9) be related to10) on the eve of11) in a line12) as a way of13) in ancient times10. Unit 101) Can you give us some introduction about your club, please?2) We have a nice bowling room and a billiard room.3) You can also enjoy a dip in our swimming pool.4) Welcome to our parlor.5) Id like to have a hair cut.6) How do you like it?7) Can I have my hair thinned out a bit?8) Youve down a beautiful job. I like it very much.9) Its easy to take care of.10) pay attention to11) do exercises12) a variety of13) be focused on14) be good at15) be sensitive to16) be able to11. Unit 111) I would like to go on a tour of the city.2) How much does it cost?3) Can you give me tickets?4) Weve a fax for you.5) Could you tell me whom it is from, please?6) Ill come down in a moment to pick up.7) If you like, we can deliver it to your room.8) be built in12. Unit 121) Welcome to our gift shop. What ca I do for you?2) Will you ship the things we buy to for us?3) How would you like to buy ?4) We have many kinds of .5) shopping center6) all over the world7) all kinds of8) pay a visit to 9) in addition to13. Unit 131) Our room isnt ready for us.2) Ill have them sent to your room right away.3) Id like to make a complaint4) as well as5) depend on6) keep in mind14. Unit 141) Can I have the bill, please?2) Id like to pay with credit card.3) A 10% service charge has been added to the total.4) Could you give me a receipt?5) Wait, give me the bill please.6) Can I sign the bill?7) May I have a look at your room card?8) Heres your receipt.9) by the middle10) on the road11) ask for二、单元练习题（Writing）答案1. Unit 21) Id like to book a single room with a bath.2) The porter will show you to your room.3) Im sorry. The hotel is fully booked.4) Please fill in the form.2. Unit 31) Good morning, sir. May I help you?2) Id like to check out now.3) May I know your name and the room number?4) Ill ask a porter to take care of your luggage.3. Unit 41) Im sure youll like your room.2) May I have your room key, please?3) Good morning, sir. Ive come for your luggage.4) This is your claim tag, sir.4. Unit 51) Id like to clean your room now.2) How long will it take to clean the room?3) Would you please clean the bathroom?4) May I turn on the lights?5. Unit 61) Housekeeping, Ive some laundry to do.2) Id like this sweater washed by hand in cold water.3) The TV set in my room doesnt work.4) Thank you for your service.6. Unit 71) Can I change Us dollars for RMB?2) Whats the exchange rate today?3) Show me your passport, please.4) Please check your money.7. Unit 91) The vegetable soup is delicious.2) Please enjoy your meal.3) Id like to have breakfast in my room.4) Could you sign here, please?8. Unit 101) Can/Could you show me around your health club?2) This is our hotels sauna room.3) I am playing bowling with my friends.4) I would like to have a haircut.5) Guests of all ages would like to go to the Recreation Center.9. Unit 111) I would like to go on a tour of the city.2) How much does it cost?3) Good morning, Business Center, we have a letter for you.4) We can deliver it to your room.10. Unit 121) Welcome to our gift shop.2) Wed like to buy some souvenirs.3) Id like to buy a Chinese toy.4) China is the pandas homeland.11. Unit 131) There is no soap in the bathroom.2) I would like to make a complaint.3) The knife isnt sharp.4) I promise this wont happen again.12. Unit 141) Waiter, give me the bill please.2) Id like to pay with credit card.3) Could you give me a receipt?4) Thank you for coming.英语作文常用谚语、俗语1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。 2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。 3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。 7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。 9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 15、A mothers love never changes. 母爱永恒。 16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。 17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。 18、A years plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。 19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 20、Better late than never. 不怕慢，单怕站。 21、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实，22、Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。 23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。 24、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。 25、Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯，事事皆不难。 26、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。 27、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。 28、Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。 29、Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。 30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。 31、Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。32、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆，去也匆匆。 33、Eat to live, but not live to eat. 人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。 34、Every man has his faults. 金无足赤，人无完人。 35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命运自己掌握。 36、Every minute counts. 分秒必争。37、Each coin has two sides. 38、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 39、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 40、God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。41、Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。 42、Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。 43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。 44、It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 45、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量46、Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。 47、No pain， no gain.（不劳无获。）48、You never know till you have tried. 不尝试，不知晓。49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起，使人健