非谓语动词作成分.ppt

主语Itisveryimportanttomasteraforeignlanguage Readingnewspaperscanincreaseourknowledge BeingadmittedtoHarvardUniversityisanhonor Itisnouse good uselessdoingItisfun awasteoftimedoingThereisnoneedtodo nodoubtthat nopointindoingThereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters 这种事是不能开玩笑的 宾语 1 有些动词只要求动词不定式作宾语 如want decide learn pretend hope expect refuse manage long promise offer hate 2 要求用动名词作宾语 常见的这类动词有admit advise appreciate avoid consider confess delay deny enjoy escape excuse envy fancy favor finish forbid imagine include involve keep mind miss mention pardon permit practice prevent quit resist risk stand suggest understand等 动词不定式复合结构It sdifficultforyoutostudyEnglish It sniceofyoutohelpme Ifeelitrighttotellherthetruth 动名词复合结构在句中作主语或宾语等由动名词的逻辑主语即物主代词或名词所有格 动名词短语构成TheircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtousSheinsistedonme my hermother s stayingforlunch Weconsidered foundhim tobe dishonest 我们发现他不诚实 Weallsupposehimtobedead 我们都以为他死了 有些动词如consider prove know feel suppose discover imagine find等也可跟 宾语 tobe 的形式 使用中应注意 例如 宾语补足语有些动词如allow advise ask beg believe call cause enable encourage get invite order teach tell等后边常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语 Iinvitedhimtocomehere Hewasinvitedtocomehere TheteacherallowedmetofinishmyhomeworkonFriday 在make let have等使役动词后 在see watch lookat observe feel hear listento notice等表示感官的动词后省去动词不定式符号 to 但如这些词用被动 则带toThatmademequit Hewasheardtorejectthesuggestion 1 不定式作宾补 Iwasmadetoquit 2 ing做宾补1 感官动词see hear findsb doing等2 使役动词have get leave keep send won thavesbdoing等Ifoundthemanlyingontheground Tomkeptuswaitinginthewind Theexplosionsentusrunninginalldirections Iwon thavemychildrensayingdirtywords 当谓语动词变成被动时Themanwasfoundlyingontheground Wewerekeptwaitinginthewind ed做宾补1 感官动词see hear findsb sthdone等2 使役动词have get leave keep等Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheard Weheardthestorytold Weheardthestorybeingtold 当动词变成被动时Theylefttheworkhalfdone Theworkwaslefthalfdone Herbikewasfoundstolen Shefoundherbikestolen 当 have 作 有 解释时 如果后面跟有表达某些感情的名difficulty trouble problem fun ahardtime等通常使用动名词 实际上这种句型是在动名词前省去了介词in 例如 Hehasdifficulty in speakingEnglish IstillrememberthegreatfunIhad Disneyland A visitedBvisitingCvisitDtovisit 定语不定式作定语常表将来 与靠近的名词或代词有逻辑的动宾关系 但其逻辑主语是句子的主语 一般用主动语态 Ihavemuchworktodo Heisalwaysthefirsttocome I dlikesomeexcitingmusictolistento Wefoundthebookdifficulttounderstand 如果句子找不出上述逻辑主语 或不定式的逻辑主语不是句中主语时 则一般用被动语态 Herbossgotalotofletterstobetyped 不是老板自己打 而是别人打 Doyouhaveanyclothestobewashedtoday ing作定语与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系 或表进行 ed作定语表被动 或完成Thecarwaitingoutside songswrittenbyJackson Fallenleaves retiredworkers不能用分词的完成式作定语 但中间有逗号隔开时可以如Theboyhavingwonthegoldmetalismycousin XThequestion havingbeendiscussedforthousandsofyears hasnowbeensolved 对比 Themeetingheldyesterday beingheldnow tobeheldtomorrow 状语 不定式做状语大多表目的 放后面时不用逗号隔开 有时表出乎意料的结果 一般有逗号 Thechildrenallturned thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom A lookedatB tolookatC tolookingatD lookatSchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50 000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort termteachers almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear reduceunemploymentpressures A helpB tohavehelpedC tohelpD havinghelpedHewokeup only toseehewasinhospital 分词及分词短语作状语可表示时间 原因 条件 结果 让步 方式或伴随情况 分词 短语 可以放在句首也可放在句末 通常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开 分词前可带 when while as once until if 等连接词 例如 While Walkingalongthestreet wefoundapurselyingontheground Theteacherenteredtheclassroom followedbyhisstudents Nothavingreceivedananswer Iwroteagain Nothavingbeentested thisnew typeoilpumpcan tbeputintoproduction 常用过去分词形式作定语 补语 状语的动词 Seated dressed lost gone hidden exposed devoted absorbed caught stuck等 但如果这些词后有宾语则用主动 如 hiswayintheforest heburstintotears intheforest heburstintotears Isawagirl totherain Isawagirl herselftotherain 常用主动的感官动词 look smell taste等 sell hang measure Losing Lost exposed exposing 固定结构 Generally honestlyspeakingJudgingfrom byComparedto withTotellthetruthTobehonestConsidering givenGiven consideringhisinterestinchildren teachingseemtherightjobforher 分词独立结构 Everythinghavingbeenprepared theybegantomakeanewexperiment Themeetingbeingover weheldadiscussion Helefttheroomangrily withoutawordmorespoken Therebeingalotofbookstoread heoftenstudiedtillmidnight 1 finish hishomework hewentouttoplay 2 theprojectintime thestaffwereworkingatweekends A CompletingB HavingcompletedC TohavecompletedD Tocomplete3 youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest A BeingawinnerB TobeawinnerC BeawinnerD Havingbeenawinner4 andshortofbreath AndyandRubywerethefirsttoreachthetopofMountTai A TobetiredB TiredC TiringD Beingtired5 downtheradio thebaby sasleepinthenextroom A TurningB ToturnC TurnedD Turn6 inthought healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim A LosingB HavinglostC LostD Tolose7 up oryou llbelate A HurryingB HurryChavinghurriedD hurried8 buy somechocolatewhenyouareinItaly 9 somechocolateiswhattouristsinItalyoftendo 在句型 Therebeno 主语 中 习惯上常用 ing形式作主语 且不带逻辑主语 如 Thereisnoparkingaroundhere 这周围不准停车 Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen Itisimpossibletotellwhatwillhappen 无法知道会发生什么 不定式进行式 动词不定式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生IhappenedtobetravelinginLondon 不定式完成式 动词不定式表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生 Theyareknowntohavecometoadecisiononthematter 完成进行式 不定式表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前开始发生 并延续到那个时候 可能仍在进行 Heissaidtohavebeenworkinginthisfactoryformorethantwentyyears 动名词完成式 动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生 例如 Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice 动名词被动式 当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作对象时 该动名词要求用被动形式 例如 Istillremember totheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere A totakeB tobetakenC takingD beingtaken 如果主要谓语所表示的动作 或情况 发生时 不定式所表示的动作正在进行 这时 不定式就要用进行式 不定式的进行式主要有下列几种用法 1 在某些动词后作宾语 如 Theyaresaidtobebuildinganotherbridgeacrosstheriver Theyseemtobegettingalongquitewell Ihappenedtobegoingthatwaytoo Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively 在某些动词后宾补 如 Wedidn texpectyoutobewaitingforushere 如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行 就需要用完成进行式 如 TheyaresaidtohavebeencollectingfolksongsinYunnan Shewishedtohavebeenstudyingashardastheothers It sagreatpleasuretohavebeenworkingwithyou 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时 不定式一般要采用被动形式 十 不定式的被动形式有下列用法 1 作主语 Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere 2 作宾语 SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang 3 宾补 Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce Shedidn tlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom 5 作定语 Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachers office 6 作状语 Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork 不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式 在句中作主语 宾语 定语 或者构成复合宾语 复合谓语等 如 Itisagoodthingforhimtohavebeencriticized 主语 Shepreferredtohavebeengivenheavierworktodo 宾语 Hethoughtitanhonourtohavebeeninvitedtotheparty Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages 总结 不定式各种形式常考要点 happen seem pretend besaid believed reported It sanhonortodo tobedone tobedoing tohavedone tohavebeendoing tohavebeendone 分词各种形式 1 beingdoneBeingexposedtosunlightisharmfultoourskin Thehousebeingbuiltwillbeourlibrary Heisfondofbeingpraised Bytakingthebackway heescapedbeingseen Beingpainted thehouselookslikeamess Isawmysonbeingbeatenbythatrudeman 主语 定语 宾语 状语 宾补 宾语 Heforgothavinglockedthedoor Havingfinishedhishomework Tomwenthome Havingbeenkeptinthefridgefortwohours thefoodhasgonebad Everyth