项目管理课程资料(ppt 106页)(英文版).ppt

Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Topic3ProjectPlanning Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU I Projectmanagementprocess Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU ProjectManagementProcess Arrowsrepresentflowofdocumentsanddocumentableitems Initiatingprocesses Planningprocesses Controllingprocesses Executingprocesses Closingprocesses Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Initiatingprocesses recognizingthataprojectorphaseshouldbeginorandcommittingtodosoPlanningprocesses devisingandmaintainingaworkableschemetoaccomplishthebusinessneedthattheprojectundertakentoaddressExecutingprocesses coordinatingpeopleandotherresourcestocarryouttheplanControllingprocesses ensuringthatprojectobjectivesaremetbymonitoringandmeasuringprogressandtakingcorrectiveactionwhennecessaryClosingprocesses formalizingacceptanceoftheprojectorphaseandbringingittoanorderlyend Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Initiatingprocess TheformalinitiatinglinkstheprojecttotheongoingworkoftheperformingOrg Inputs productdescription strategicplan projectselectioncriteria historicalinformationToolsandtechniques projectselectionmethods expertjudgementOutputs projectcharter projectmanageridentified assigned constrains assumptions Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Planningprocesses CoreprocessFacilitatingprocess Scopeplanning ScopeDef ActivityDef Activitysequencing Resourceplanning Durationestimating Costestimating Scheduledevelopment Costbudgeting Projectplandevelopment Qualityplanning Communicationsplanning Riskidentification Riskquantification Riskresponsedevelopment Organizationalplanning Staffacquisition Procurementplanning Solicitationplanning Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Planningisofmajorimportancetoaprojectbecausetheprojectinvolvesdoingsomethingwhichhasnotbeendonebefore Theprocessesabovearesubjecttotofrequentiterationspriortocompetingtheplan Forexample iftheinitialcompletiondateisunacceptable projectresources cost orevenscopemayneedtoberedefined Inaddition planningisnotanexactscience twodifferentteamscouldgenerateverydifferentplansforthesameproject Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Scopeplanning developingawrittenscopestatementasthebasisforfutureprojectdecisionsScopedefinition subdividingthemajorprojectdeliverablesintosmaller ormanageablecomponentsActivitydefinition identifyingthespecificactivitiesthatmustbeperformedtoproducethevariousprojectdeliverablesActivitysequencing identifyinganddocumentinginteractivitydependenciesActivitydurationestimating estimatingthenumberofworkperiodswhichwillbeneededtocompleteindividualactivitiesScheduledevelopment analyzingactivitysequences activitydurations andresourcerequirementstocreatetheprojectschedule Resourceplanning determiningwhatresources people equipment materials andwhatquantitiesofeachshouldbeusedtoperformprojectactivities Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Costestimating developinganapproximation estimate ofthecostsresourcesneededtocompleteprojectactivities Costbudgeting allocatingtheoverallcostestimatetoindividualworkitemsProjectplandevelopment takingtheresultsofotherplanningprocessesandputtingthemintoaconsistent coherentdocument Qualityplanning identifyingwhichqualitystandardsarerelevanttotheprojectanddetermininghowtosatisfythemOrganizationplanning identifying documenting andassigningprojectroles responsibilities andreportingrelationshipsStaffacquisition gettingtheHRneededassignedtoandworkingontheproject Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Communicationplanning determiningtheinformationandcommunicationsneedsofthestakeholders whoneedswhatinformation whenwilltheyneedit andhowwillitbegiventothem Riskidentification determiningwhichrisksarelikelytoaffecttheprojectanddocumentingthecharacteristicsofeach Riskquantification evaluatingrisksandriskinteractionstoassesstherangeofpossibleprojectoutcomesRiskresponsedevelopment definingenhancementstepsforopportunitiesandresponsestothreatsProcurementplanning determiningwhattoprocureandwhenSolicitationplanning documentingproductrequirementsandidentifyingpotentialsources Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Executingprocesses Facilitatingprocesses Projectplanexecution Informationdistribution solicitation Teamdevelopment Sourceselection Scopevertification Qualityassurance Contractadministration Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Projectplanexecution carryingouttheprojectplanbyperformingtheactivitiesincludedtherein Scopeverification formalizingacceptanceoftheprojectscopeQualityassurance evaluatingoverallprojectperformanceontheregularbasistoprovideconfidencethattheprojectwillsatisfytherelevantqualitystandard Teamdevelopment developingindividualandgroupskillstoenhanceprojectperformanceInformationdistribution makingneededinformationavailabletoprojectstakeholdersintimelymannerSolicitation obtainingquotations bids offers orproposalasappropriatesourceselection choosingfromamongpotentialsellerscontractadministration managingtherelationshipwiththeseller Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Controllingprocesses facilitatingprocesses Performancereporting Overallchangecontrol Scopechangecontrol Schedulecontrol Riskresponsecontrol Costcontrol Qualitycontrol Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Projectperformancemustbemeasuredregularlytoidentifyvariancesfromtheplan Thevariancearefedintothecontrolprocessinthevariousknowledgeareas Overallchangecontrol coordinatingchangesacrosstheentireprojectScopechangecontrol controllingchangetoprojectscopeSchedulecontrol controllingchangestotheprojectscheduleCostcontrol controllingchangestotheprojectbudgetQualitycontrol monitoringspecificprojectresultstodetermineifthecomplywithrelevantqualitystandardsandidentifyingwaystoeliminatecausesofunsatisfactoryperformancePerformancereporting collectinganddisseminatingperformanceinformation includingstatusreporting progressmeasurement andforecastingRiskresponsecontrol respondingtochangesinriskoverthecourseoftheproject Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Closingprocesses Contractclose out Administrativeclosure Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Administrationclosure generating gathering anddisseminatinginformationtoformalizephaseorprojectcompletionContractclose out completionandsettlementofthecontract includingresolutionofanyopenitems Theprocessillustratedabovemeetthetestofgeneralacceptance theyapplytomostprojectsmostoftime However notalloftheprocesseswillbeneededonallprojects andnotalloftheinteractionswillapplytoallprojects Whenthereisaneedtomakechange thechangeshouldbeclearlyidentified carefullyevaluated andactivelymanaged Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU II ProjectPlanning Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU WhydoIneedaP O D ToprovideabaselineofinformationforapprovalorrejectionoftheprojectproposalToidentifyrolesandresponsibilitiesbeforetheprojectisstartedTodefinecompletion success inadvance Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU P O D Function IdentifykeyassumptionDefineinitialprojectscopeprojectcompletioncriteriafunctionsaddressedandnotaddressedworkproductsandtheircompletioncriteriamajoractivitiessignificantdependencies Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU P O D Function2 Identifyresourcerequirementsresponsibilities organization skillstimeestimatesmaterialresourcesprojectcostDeterminepreliminaryscheduleTheP O D Shouldbeformalproposal Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU P O D Minimumcontent IntroductionKeyassumptionRolesandresponsibilitiesMajorproductsCompletioncriteriaEstimatedscheduleEstimatedcost Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU WhyplantheP O D TomanageriskTomaximizereturnoninvestmentToensureclientsatisfactionTocommunicate Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Inthebeginning Plans Schedule Scope Resource Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU P O D PlanningProcess DefinetheproductsIdentifytechnicalactivitiesEstimateshoursforactivitiesAddlevelofefforthoursDeterminedependenciesIdentifystaffingIdentifyotherresourcesIdentifyutilizationrateDetermineactivitysizeDetermineactivitydurationDevelopestimatedschedule Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU 1 Definetheproducts Standardproductsfrom Designproject systemrequirementsreportsystemdesignreportimplementationphaseplanImplementationproject detailedprogramspecificationsprogramsandprogramsdocumentationinstallationplan Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Non standardproducts Firstofitskind Firstinthiscompany Firstatthislocation Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU 2 Identifythetechnicalactivities Example designproject activitiesinclude 1 Orientation2 Interviewstandards3 Globalinterviewpreparation4 Standardsforrequirementsreport SRR 5 Interviews individualpreparation interview minutes confirm6 Consolidatedata7 Writerequirementreport8 Externaldesignphaseplan9 Externaldesignstandards10 Externaldesignphase11 Internaldesignphase Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU 3 Estimatehoursforactivities Activitiesworkhours1 Orientation 30hrs 6people 1802 Interviewstandards1603 Globalinterviewpreparation804 Standardsforrequirementsreport SRR 605 Interviews 20 640 16x2peoplex20 individualpreparation4interview4minutes4confirm46 Consolidatedata6007 Writerequirementreport1408 Externaldesignphaseplan809 Externaldesignstandards6010 Externaldesignphase200011 Internaldesignphase2000Projecttotal6000 Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU 4 Addlevelofefforthours ProjectmanagementChangeinvestigationProjectmeetings Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU 5 Determinedependencies logical orderofactivitiespredecessors successorsuncovermissingactivitiesinitiallyignoreresourceconstrainsidentifycriticalpath thecriticalpathisthepathoflongestdurationthroughnetwork thetaskonthecriticalpathiscriticaltask Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Determinedependencies 1 2 5 6 3 8 7 10 9 4 11 Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU 6 Identifystaffing Internalpersonnel skillsExternalpersonnel skills Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU 7 Identifyotherresources DedicatedtestconfigurationLaserprintersfordocumentationWordprocessingsupport Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU 8 Identifyutilizationrate Hoursavailable 2080 52x5x8 education80vacation holidays160administration80personal80others80Totalnon productivehours480Totalproductivehours1600 Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Utilizationvs Projectduration 173hourspermonth Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU 9 Determineactivitiessize utilization 75 Activitiesworkhoursweeks1 Orientation 30hrs 6people 1806 02 Interviewstandards1605 33 Globalinterviewpreparation802 74 Standardsforrequirementsreport SRR 602 05 Interviews 20 640 16x2peoplex20 21 3individualpreparation4interview4minutes4confirm46 Consolidatedata60020 07 Writerequirementreport1404 78 Externaldesignphaseplan802 79 Externaldesignstandards602 010 Externaldesignphase200066 711 Internaldesignphase200066 7Projecttotal6000200 Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU 10 Determineactivityduration technicalstaffing 6 Activitiesworkhoursweeksduration1 Orientation 30hrs 6people 1806 01 02 Interviewstandards1605 31 33 Globalinterviewpreparation802 71 34 Standardsforrequirementsreport SRR 602 02 05 Interviews 20 640 16x2peoplex20 21 33 8individualpreparation4interview4minutes4confirm46 Consolidatedata60020 04 17 Writerequirementreport1404 71 28 Externaldesignphaseplan802 72 09 Externaldesignstandards602 01 010 Externaldesignphase200066 711 211 Internaldesignphase200066 711 2Projecttotal600020033 6 Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU 11 Developestimatedschedule requirementsphase Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU P O D planningprocess anotherview Definescope Definetheproducts Identifytechnicalactivities Estimateshoursforactivities Addlevelofefforthours Determinedependencies Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Identifyresources Identifystaffing IdentifyotherresourcesDevelopschedule Identifyutilizationrate Determineactivitysize Determineactivityduration Developestimatedschedule Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Intheend Scope Plans Schedule Resources Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU P O D IntroductionKeyassumptionRoles responsibilitiesMajorproductsCompletioncriteriaEstimatedscheduleEstimatedcost Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Whentheprocessiscomplete EvaluateriskintheP O D Revisittheprocesstocontain reduceriskReviseoutputsaccordinglyIterateuntil readyforprojectassurance Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Weneverhavethetimetodoitrightthefirsttime butwealwayshavetimetodoitover Ifwedon thavetimetodoitrightthefirsttime whenarewegoingtohavetimetofixit Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU III Projectplanning Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Whyplan TomanageriskToincreaseusersatisfactionNosurprisesTotalteamownershipTocommunicateTogainsupportandunderstandingToknowwhatyouhavedoToknowhowyouwillgoaboutdoingitToprovideabaselinefortrackingprogressTomanagechangeToestablishcompletioncriteriaTominimizetime costs andotherresourcesneeds Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Projectplans WorkplansupportplanStaffingplanprojectreviewOtherresourcesplandocumentationFacilitiesplanapproval sign offChangecontrolplantrainingStatusreportingplansystemtestFinancialplaninstallationDocumentcontrolplanContingencyplan Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Planningbaseline P O D AssumptionsOthercommitmentsidentifybusinessdecisiontoacceptorrejectincorporateintobaselineplanactionsrequiredgetplansignedoffbyuserplaceapprovedbaselineplanunderchangecontrol Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Planningprocess 1 Definetheproducts2 Identifytasksandsubtasks3 Developprecedencediagram4 Assignhourstotasks5 Determinestaffhoursavailable6 Assigntaskstoresources balanceagainstschedule7 Addmanagementtasks8 ITERATEuntilcomplete9 Prepareremainingplansandsummaries Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Step1 Definetheproducts ProducttypesandsourcesTypes P O D Deliverables SupportproductsSources P O D Materials deliverables DeliverableguidelinesStatementofworkOther Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Standardproductsresourcestime Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Step2 Identifytasksandsubtasks Typesoftask standard project related level of effortSourcesDepartmentdocumentationprocedures guidelinesBrainstormingsessionsExperiencedpeople Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU StandardmajortasksRequirementsdefinitionInternaldesignplanandorganizetheprojectplan organizeinternaldesignorienttheprojectparticipantsdevelopinternalsystemstructureestablishtheinterviewanddatadevelopprogramfunctionspecsgatheringplandevelopdatafilesspecsconductinterviewscompletesystemdesignreportconsolidateinterviewdatadeveloptestingstrategycompleterequirementsreportdraftconducttechnicaldesigninterviewreviewdraftandobtainuserapprovalreviewsystemdesignreportwithExternaldesignuserandgainapprovalplan organizeexternaldesigndeveloppreliminarysystemarchitecturedevelopfunctionalbusinessflowdesignuserinputs outputsdefineapplicationviewsofdatabasecompleteexternaldesigndraftandreview obtainuserapproval Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Project dependenttasksdatabasedevelopmentconversionplanningconversiontasksinstallationplanninguserandoperatoreducationplanningvendorproducttestingsubcontractorcoordination Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Level of effort LOE taskshardtodefinespecificoutputcompletioncriteriatendtobelongrunningworkonthemissporadic Orientationmanagementchangeinvestigationskillstransfermeetings Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU IdentifythetasksResponsibilitycanbeassignedtoonepersonTasksresultsaretangibleandrelatedtoproductTasksarelessthanonereportingcycle 40hrs Tasksareadayorlongerinduration Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU ProcessfordefiningtasksReview thelatestbaselineplansforsimilarprojectstandardtasklistssimilarproductGettogetherwithotherplannersBrainstorm namealltasksthatcometomind don tworryaboutsize skills duration listtaskswhereeveryonecanseethemDocumentthetaskinmoredetail title description completecriteriaAssigntaskID s Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Step3 Developprecedencediagram Determineinterdependenciesorderoftaskspredecessor successortasksIdentifymissingtasksInitiallyassumeresourceindependentCreatevisualpresentation Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Step4 Assignavailablehourstotasks ReviewprojectobjectivesestimatesEstimateindividualdetailedtasksSumuphoursCompareyourhourstohoursinestimatingbackupandresolveanydiscrepanciesindependentassessmentnegotiatewithmanager Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU RulesofthumbMeetingsrequire materialpreparationrehearsalthepresentationfollowuptimesandnumberofpeopleinvolvedInterviewstake2 3peopleplustheintervieweePlanning estimatingtakestimetooProjectmanagement15 20 ofthetechnicaleffortMustincludeindividualprojectcontroleffort LOE changecontrol statusreporting Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Projectobjectivesestimatingbackup requirementsphaseTasksTechnicalhours1 Orientation 25hrsx6 1502 Interviewstandards1303 Globalinterviewpreparation704 Interviews 20 20 x14x2people 560individualpreparation3hrsinterview4hrsminutes4hrsconfirm3hrs5 Standardsforreport506 Consolidatedata5107 Writereport1108 Externaldesignplan709 Externaldesignstandards5010 Levelofefforttasks300Totaltechnicalhours 2000 Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU EstimatingpitfallsNotidentifyingalltasksSloppycompletioncriteriaFuzzyobjectivesSoloestimating Superstar estimatingUsingsomeoneelse snumbersConsistentlygoingloworhighFailuretore estimate basedonresults to date Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Step5 Determinestaffhoursavailable BasisforprojectobjectivesscheduleHoursavailable year 2080 52weeksx5daysx8hours Education80hrsVacation holidays160hrsAdministration80hrsPersonal90hrsOthers travel sickness 70hrsTotalnon productivehours 480hrsTotalproductivehours 1600hrs77 utilization 133hours month Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU ProjectstaffingRequiredstaffActualstaffanalystskillprofilewritten verbal local nationalcommunicationthroughtechnical manages wordofmouth projectassurance Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Staffingplanconstruction Requiredskillsfortasks Skillsofstaff AvailabilityofStaff Precedencediagram Match Taskduration TaskassignmentDiagram Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU BlockouttimeNotavailablefortechnicaltasksEnternon projecttimeforeachperson weekend holidays vacation education Entertimenotavailableforeachpersonotherassignedtime illness personalbusinessEnterprojectcontrolLOEtaskstoeachpersonstatusmeetings changecontrolsupport statusreports miscellaneousmeetingsandsupport seefigures Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Step6 Assigntaskstoresources balanceagainstschedule Gettherightresourceatrighttime Dec 2001 WanjunJIANGGSMPKU Entertechnicaltasksfactorstobeconsideredprecedencepositionoftaskprojectstrategystaffingavailableskillsrequiredskillsavailablenumberofpeopleassigned