赢在大学领英工程整理汇编-四、六级阅读难句分析.docx

赢在大学领英工程整理汇编-四、六级阅读难句分析四、六级阅读难句分析1. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets.分析：by短语有两个动名词短语：feeding them the sweetener和injecting them with a drug, 而a drug的定语从句中又包含了连词while+现在分词结构。1）从语义方面看，conditioned意为使形成条件反射，conditioned mice to avoid saccharin意为使老鼠对排斥糖精形成条件反射；2）the sweetener 指saccharin.译文：1975年，罗切斯特大学医学院的心理学家Robert Ader在使老鼠对排斥糖精形成条件反射的试验中，喂食老鼠粮精的同时给它们注射了一种药剂，这种药在破坏老鼠免疫系统的同时还会引起腹痛。2. Where is industrys and our recognition that protecting mankinds great treasure is the single most important responsibility?分析：主从复合句，thatresponsibility是recognition的同位语从句，从句的主语是动名词短词protecting mankinds great treasure. 1）industry 此处指公司，企业。如前文中的industrial denial指来自企业或公司的拒绝。2）the single most important 意为惟一最重要的，single在此表示强调。译文：企业和我们个人什么时候才能意识到保护人类的资源宝藏是最最重要的责任呢？3. If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now.分析：注意本句的表达及ever的强调意义。If ever there will be time for , that time is now. 这一句型是个很有用的句型，表达时能经常用得上。如：If ever there will be time for you to revenge yourself, that time is now. 如果你要复仇，现在正当其时。译文：如果说有需要环保专业人员站同来担负起领导责任的最佳时机的话，现在可谓是正当其时。4. The Times newspaper agrees, complaining that quality has suffered as student numbers soared, with close tutorial supervision giving way to mass production methods more typical of European universities.分析：本句中谓语动词agrees的内容是前句中对扩大招生的怀疑态度，现在分词短语complaining that 说明原因，介词短语will表示结果，说明现在分词短语。译文：泰晤士报对此有同感，它抱怨说，由于学生人数激增，教学质量受影响，因为个别指导不得不让位于欧洲大陆国这家高校里惯有的大规模生产方式。5. Those current changes are logged into a computer that sorts out odors based on their electrical signatures.分析：应注意，based on their electrical signatures不应看作过去分词短语作odors的定语，而应看作形容词短语作状语说明sorts out. 1)current changes, 从上下文看指电流的变化。）log作名词意为航海（或飞行）日志，作动词为把记入航海（飞行）日志此处引申为记录。6. If food already contains natural carcinogens, it does not make sense to add dozens of new man-made ones.分析：句中it是形式主语，不定式短语to add dozens of new manmade ones是真实主语。1）if 此处等于even if，表示让步而非条件。2）make sense意为讲得通，有意义。此处可理解为有道理。译文：尽管食品中已经含有了天然的致癌物质，但是，再人为地增加一些有毒物质也是很不应该的。7. By studying mineral grains found in materials ranging from rocks to clay articles, previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back , including .分析：本句较长，应注意几个现在分词短语的作用。Ranging from修饰materials, 而dating back和including修饰reversals.1)mineral grains: 矿物颗粒2）clay articles: 陶器，articles此处指物件3）此外，应注意reversals和switch是同义替换，都指polarity reversal.译文：通过研究岩石，陶器等一系列材料中含有的矿物颗粒，先前的研究人员已能够确认早在1.7亿年发生的磁场两极转化现象，以及发生在73万年以前的最新一次两极转化现象。8. Several theories link polarity flips to external disasters such as meteor impacts.分析：1）link sth. to sth. else 意为：将某物与另一物联系起来，此处可理解为将归因于2）flips此处是polarity reversals的同义说法。3）impact: 物理学上指撞击，冲击，碰撞，此处不应理解为影响9. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments.本保存涉及了认知学方面的重要原理，即：人们能够学习的原因是：人的经历能够带来奖励或惩罚。换言之，如果人的某一行为得到的是鼓励，他重复这种行为；如果他的某一行为带给他的是惩罚，他会避免这种行为。为了获得鼓励，避免惩罚，人会努力去做他人认可的事情，从而不断进步。 10. Out of our emotional experiencescomes a social feeling of agreement that, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-fromtowill accept.分析：本句由and连接两个并列分句，第一个分句为保持句子平衡而采用了倒装语序，将介词短语置于句首，主语置于句尾；第二个分句中破折号后的fromto结构比较大，用于说明动词apply的范围。此外，第一分句中的that从句是agreement的同位语从句。赢在大学领英工程整理汇编-四、六级阅读难句分析11. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate desire to put learning to productive ends.分析：1）从上下文看，the current crisis显然指前句内容，即has increasingly catered to narrow-minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students.2）此外，contend此处意为坚持认为，坚决主张3）derive from:起源，由来，来源于，表示因果关系4）legitimate:本义指合法的，此处可理解为合理的，正确的。译文：报告坚持认为，当前高校面临的危机不是由将知识运用于生产这一指导思想导致的，这一思想是完全正确的。 12. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological utopia little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor.分析：for all+句词短语结构表示尽管。译文：然而，尽管人们正在大谈特谈即将到来的令人神往的科技王国，却很少有人意识到这些技术发展对发展中国家意味着什么。13. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global market, -with destructive impact on the have -nots.分析：过去分词短语make possible by information technology修饰主语The electronic economy. With 介词短语说明整个句子，表示结果。14. Home schoolers habor few kind words for public schools, charging shortcomings that range from lack of religious perspective in the curriculum to a herd-like approach to teaching children.分析：现在分词短语chargingto teaching children作伴随情况状语，that range fromto teaching children 是修饰shortcomings 的定语从句。Charging shortcomings 是charge sb. sth. 结构的变体，意为把归咎于。1）home schoolers 在本文中指advocates of home-schooling, 家庭教育倡导者。2）herd-like approach to teaching children: 放牧式的教育儿童的方法。Approach意为方法，方式。15. Finally, advertisers try to begin commercials with sounds that are highly different from those of programming within which the commercial is buries.分析：本句是一个主从复合句，定语从句that are highly different fromthe commercial is buried中，又含有一个定语从句within which the commercial is buried，后者修饰programming. bury本文为埋葬，掩盖，这里指在正常节目中插播广告。16. The act, designed to protect species living areas, and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests.分析：应注意本句的主语是The actand policies, 过去分词短语designed to protect species living areas修饰The act，定语从句that preserve land and forests修饰policies.1)compete with: 与对抗，竞争。2）economic interests: 经济利益。此处interests不应理解为兴趣。译文：这一旨在保护动物生活场所的法案以及一些保护土地及森林的政策却与经济利益相抵触。 17. Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable这是一个省略句，可作如下补充：You say that is un-American, unfair and extremely unbelieveable? That指第二段的内容，即the conclusion和社会学家的数据表明的情况。18. Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties while acting just the contrary.分析：虽然句子较短，但应识别出mouthingthe contrary作宾语补足语。本句的难点在于理解mouthing pieties while acting just the contrary的隐含之义。其字面意思是嘴上说虔诚，做的却相反，隐含之义是心口不一，言行不一。19. Not content with its doubtful claim to produce cheap food for our own population, the factory farm