湖北省宜昌市2018_2019学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）.docx

湖北省宜昌市2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题（含解析）(考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）考生注意：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。并用2B铅笔将准考证号填涂在相应位置。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt？A. 19. 15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.答案C.1. What class is the woman having next？A. Volleyball B. Guitar. C. Singing2. How much will the man pay?A. $10. B.$15. C. $20.3. What did the woman get from his brother？A. A cap. B. An iPod. C. A doll.4. What does the man think of his work?A. Satisfying. B. Boring C. Difficult5. What are the two speakers talking about?A. The environment. B An activity. C. A lifestyle.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5秒钟；听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6. What was the man doing last night?A. Looking after his sick daughterB. Running a high fever.C. Seeing a doctor.7. How docs the man feel now?A. Worried. B. Relaxed C. Confused.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8Who is calling in the conversation?A. Tom Langley B. Tom Lane C. Daniel Wagner9. Why does the man call the woman?A. To cancel an appointment.B. To confirm an appointment.C. To reschedule an appointment.10.When docs the man finally come?A. At 2:00. B. At 4:00. C. At 10:30.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.What will the woman probably do if it rains this weekend?A. Go hiking. B. Go shopping. C. Do reading.12. What will the man probably do if he finishes the report?A. Watch some videos. B. Play video games.C. Practice playing drum.13. What would the woman do if she were rich enough ?A. Buy a huge TV. B. Open a studio. C. Live in a big city.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14. Where did Paul get the information about the flat?A. From a good friend. B. From Mrs Hamilton.C. From the newspaper.15. How many bedrooms are there in the flat?A. One. B. Two. C. Three.16. What does the woman ask Paul to do?A. Pay money first. B. Come to see the flat. C. Call her this afternoon.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. What does the speaker usually do first after getting up?A. Do physical exercise.B. Prepare his breakfast.C. Read morning papers.18. What subject docs the speaker like best?A. Science. B. Math. C. Physics.19 Why doesnt the speaker go back home right after school?A. To do his homework.B. To watch a football game.C. To sports with others20. What is the speaker mainly talking about?A. His daily life as a student. B. His weekly schedule. C. His colorful school activities第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；毎小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AEditors note: Whether people are overworked recently made headlines when several internet company bosses said the only way for employees to achieve success is through harder work and longer hours. Forum readers share their opinions.CeciliaWorking too many hours only means you arc time-wasting and inefficient(低效的).This means it takes you longer to produce something than someone else.A good manager knows how to encourage his employees to work in their full ability instead of expecting them to work late even if they dont have something to do. People who stay in their office until late hate their jobs and it affects their performance, as well as other ways of their life.RosemaryOverworking is just modem slavery. In many countries, overworking would be attacked because it shows poor work performance, and the boss would prefer you work in a better way 7 hours and then go back home than 8 hours with poor performance.Nervy Nowadays, its hard for a young person to build a good future, for pressures are on his or her shoulders: housing, children, parents, themselves, etc. But everyone must keep working hard to have them on the way to the good future, which is not certain. Whats sure is that if youre lazy and dont work hard, no good future will come.SunnyI dont think anyone wants to work overtime The fact is the competition is so extreme if you dont work hard someone will easily and willingly replace you, especially in the IT industry. Employees are told they need to work longer hours or they wont get raised. It is time to give up the culture of overworking.1. What will happen if Cecilia is forced to overwork?A. She will perform to her full ability.B. She will feel unhappy to do it.C. She will ask the employer to do it.D. She will encourage other workers to do it.2. Whose idea is a little bit different from the others?A. Cecilia.B. Rosemary.C. NervyD. Sunny.3. In which part of the newspaper can you find the passage?A. Culture.B. Business.C. Lifestyle.D. Opinion.【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。最近几家互联网公司的老板说，员工获得成功的唯一途径是通过更努力的工作和更长的工作时间。论坛的四位读者分享了他们的观点。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Cecilia部分中最后一句People who stay in their office until late hate their jobs and it affects their performance, as well as other ways of their life.（那些在办公室呆到很晚的人讨厌他们的工作，这会影响他们的表现，以及他们生活的其他方式。）可知如果Cecilia被迫加班，她会不高兴的。故选B。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据Nervy部分But everyone must keep working hard to have them on the way to the good future, which is not certain. Whats sure is that if youre lazy and dont work hard, no good future will come.（但每个人都必须继续努力，让他们走上美好未来的道路，这是不确定的。可以肯定的是，如果你懒惰，不努力工作，就不会有好的未来。）分析其他三位读者的观点可知Nervy对于加班的看法和其他三位读者的看法不一样。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句Forum readers share their opinions.（论坛的读者分享他们的观点。）以及文章内容主要为四位读者的观点，可知最有可能在报纸的Opinion版块找到这篇文章。故选D。BIt was early in the spring about 15 years ago when I was a young police reporter, driving to a scene I didnt want to see. A man had accidentally backed his pickup truck over his baby granddaughter in the driveway of the family home.As I arrived. I saw a while-haired man in cotton work clothes standing near a truck, looking totally confused, he was trying to answer the reporters questions. Mostly he was only moving his lips, blinking and choking up.After a while the reporters gave up oil him mid fo1lowed the police into the small white house. A few minutes later, with all the details in my notebook and a three-by-five photo in my jacket pocket I went toward the kitchen where die police had said the body was.I had brought a camera in with me. Entering the kitchen, I came upon this scene.On a table lay the tiny body, wrapped in a clear white sheet. Somehow the grandfather had managed to stay away from the crowd He was sitting on a chair beside the table, looking helplessly at the dead body. As I watched, the grandfather slowly leaned forward, held the little in his arms and remained still.In that moment I recognized the makings of a prize-winning news photograph. I raised the cameraEvery element of the picture was perfect I dont know how many seconds I stood there, unable to press that shutter (快门). I fully realized the powerful story-telling value that photo would have, and my professional conscience (良心) told me to lake it. Yet I couldnt make my hand move and break into the poor mans inner sadness.At last I lowered the camera and moved away quietly with doubt about my suitability for the journalistic profession (职业). Now, sometimes, as Im watching news, I remember that day.I still feel right about what I did.4. Why did the author drive to the mans house?A. To comfort the poor man.B. To perform a duty.C. To offer some help.D. To get a prize-winning photo.5. What do we know about the grandfather in the passage?A. He was deeply sorry for the loss of his granddaughter.B. He didnt want to answer the reporters questions.C. He shared little about the accident with the authorD. He purposely created the scene for the authors photo.6. Why did the author give up taking the picture at last?A. Because he preferred better photos.B. Because the grandfather noticed him.C. Because professional training told him not to.D. Because his conscience told him to do so.7. What is the authors purpose in writing the story?A. To describe a heart-broken scene.B. To tell one of his experiences.C. To learn from other photo takers.D. To persuade people to pity others【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述“我”在一次新闻采访中本来捕捉到一个拍出来可以得奖的画面，但做人的良知让我没有举起相机，而且至今我也不为自己做过的事后悔。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段内容It was early in the spring about 15 years ago when I was a young police reporter, driving to a scene I didnt want to see. A man had accidentally backed his pickup truck over his baby granddaughter in the driveway of the family home.（那是大约15年前的一个早春，当时我还是一名年轻的警察记者，开车去一个我不想去的地方。一名男子不小心在他家的车道上把他的皮卡车倒在了他的小孙女身上。）可知作者开车去男人的家是为了履行职责。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Mostly he was only moving his lips, blinking and choking up.（大多数时候，他只是动了动嘴唇，眨着眼睛，哽咽着。）可知这位祖父对孙女的去世非常悲伤而说不出话来。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。倒数第三段中I fully realized the powerful story-telling value that photo would have, and my professional conscience told me to lake it.（我完全意识到这张照片所具有的讲述故事的强大价值，而我的职业良知告诉我不要拍下来。）可知作者最终放弃了拍照，是因为他的良心告诉他不要拍照。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容为记叙了作者十五年前在一次新闻采访中本来捕捉到一个拍出来可以得奖的画面，但做人的良知让作者没有举起相机的故事。可知作者的目的只是为了讲述自己的一次经历。故选B。【点睛】细节理解题解题方法细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。经常有新技术对将来人们工作和生活不良影响的预测，但事实证明结果并不是那样，我们有必要否定预测，以减少人们的恐惧。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如第一小题，根据第一段内容It was early in the spring about 15 years ago when I was a young police reporter, driving to a scene I didnt want to see. A man had accidentally backed his pickup truck over his baby granddaughter in the driveway of the family home.（那是大约15年前的一个早春，当时我还是一名年轻的警察记者，开车去一个我不想去的地方。一名男子不小心在他家的车道上把他的皮卡车倒在了他的小孙女身上。）可知作者开车去男人的家是为了履行职责。故选B。CThe Southern Ocean is well known for its storms, which can sink ships and cause flooding on distant islands. Now, a new study suggests the biggest waves there already the worlds largestare getting bigger, thanks to faster winds.For the past 33 years, global satellites have been collecting data on ocean wavesand the winds that drive them. But explaining the data is difficult: different satellites can give different wind speeds.To reduce those differences, Ian Young and Augustines Ribald , at the University of Melbourne in Australia, compared information from different satellites and corrected their data against an independent data set collected by a global network of buoys (浮标) floating in the ocean. When they were done, a trend stood out: since 1985, ocean wind speeds in most of the world have increased between 1 centimeter and 2 centimeters per second per year, leading to increases in wave height in many places.In the Southern Ocean, the trend is particularly strong. For example, although wind speeds there have increased by 2 centimeters per second each year, the speed of the top 10% fastest winds has increased by 5 centimeters per second per year. And although average (平均的) wave heights there have increased by just 0.3 centimeters per year, the top 10% highest has grown by an average of 1 centimeter per year a growth of 30 centimeters since 1985, they report today in Science.Young and Ribald have done a good job of cross-checking and double-checking from the three different types of satellite instrument, says Ole Johan at the University of Bergen in Norway. But, he adds, it might be “optimistic” to think that the data now contain no errors Confirming the ire I likely require more work, he believes.8. What caused the worlds largest waves in the Southern Ocean?A. The satellitesB. The stormsC. The windsD. The floods9. Which of the following can best explain “trend” underlined in Paragraph 3?A. deep thoughtB. novel methodC. special goalD. general direction10. What can be learned from the study in the Southern Ocean?A. Wave heights have risen by 2 centimeters since 1985.B. Winds speeds have grown by 30 centimeters each year.C. The top wave heights have slowly fallen since 1985.D. The top fastest wind speeds have been on the rise.11. What does Ole Johans attitude towards the new study?A. He thinks highly of it.B. He takes no interest in it.C. He shows concern about it.D. He says no to it.【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。南大洋因其风暴而闻名，风暴能使船只沉没，并在遥远的岛屿上引发洪水。现在，一项新的研究表明，由于风速加快，那里最大的海浪世界上最大的海浪正变得越来越大。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Now, a new study suggests the biggest waves there already the worlds largestare getting bigger, thanks to faster winds.（现在，一项新的研究表明，由于风速加快，那里最大的海浪世界上最大的海浪正变得越来越大。）可知风在南大洋掀起了世界上最大的海浪。故选C。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据下文since 1985, ocean wind speeds in most of the world have increased between 1 centimeter and 2 centimeters per second per year, leading to increases in wave height in many places.（自1985年以来，世界上大部分地区的海洋风速以每年1厘米到2厘米的速度增长，导致许多地方的浪高增加。）可知自1985年以来世界大部分地区的海洋风速总体趋势都增长了，故可推测划线部分单词意思为“趋势；大方向”。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句For example, although wind speeds there have increased by 2 centimeters per second each year, the speed of the top 10% fastest winds has increased by 5 centimeters per second per year.（例如，虽然那里的风速每年增加2厘米/秒，但速度最快的前10%的风速每年增加5厘米/秒。）可知从对南大洋的研究中我们可以了解到最高风速一直在上升。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段Young and Ribald have done a good job of cross-checking and double-checking from the three different types of satellite instrument, says Ole Johan at the University of Bergen in Norway.（挪威卑尔根大学的Ole Johan说，Young和Ribald在对三种不同类型的卫星仪器进行反复检查方面做得很好。）可知Ole Johan非常关心这项新研究。故选C。【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to，be called或thats to say，such as等。 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly,the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。如第二小题，根据下文since 1985, ocean wind speeds in most of the world have increased between 1 centimeter and 2 centimeters per second per year, leading to increases in wave height in many places.（自1985年以来，世界上大部分地区的海洋风速以每年1厘米到2厘米的速度增长，导致许多地方的浪高增加。）可知自1985年以来世界大部分地区的海洋风速总体趋势都增长了，故可推测划线部分单词意思为“趋势；大方向”。故选D。DThe market for ride sharing is starting to look like a pie-eating competition where the prize is more pie.Lift went public on March 29, and the stock (股票) almost immediately went into a quick drop as money-providers noticed that the company hadnt made any money yet and didnt have any clear plans to do so.On April 11，Umber went public in the stock market too. The company said it commands more than 50 percent of the ride-hailing (叫车服务) market in America and Europe and had an operating loss of S3 billion last year, about three times as much as Lift lost.Think about that: those two companies lost nearly 4 billion in a single year transporting people.Whats happening in the ride-sharing market is special in a number of ways.First, it offers what is called “network effects”: The more riders you have, the easier it is to attract and send drivers, and the more drivers you have, the more riders you will attract. Markets that display network effects prefer to benefit a few players, and possibly only one.Second, ride sharing has low changing costs. Its simple lo get both apps on your phones, and many riders and drivers do just that, which means fierce competition over every single ride.There are only two ways that the price war can end. Either Umber and Lift come to some son of agreement to slop selling their services below cost, or at least one of the companies may need to die. And so the pie-eating competition may continue forever, until everyone bursts. There may finally be no route to money for these companies, no payoff tor money-providers. The number of major ride-sharing companies may not be two or even one, but none.12. What do Umber and Lift have in common?A. Going public in stock market.B. Enjoying a financially bright future.C. Entering for the pie-making competition.D. Benefiting the money-providers.13. What do we know about network effects?A. More network companies will survive.B. More riders will attract more driven.C. More players will crowd the marketD. More drivers will give up the use of apps.14. What is one way out to end the price war?A. Arriving at a win-win agreement.B. Putting more money into the market.C. Selling services below cost.D. Having free access to either company.15. What can be the best title for the text?A. Riding-hailing market, were coining.B. Umber or Lift, who cares?C. Locked in a price war only two ways out.D. The prize for a pie-eating competition.【答案】12. A 13. B 14. A 15. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要分析了Umber和Lift两家拼车公司都面临严重亏损，并指出价格战只有两种方式可以结束。要么Umber和Lift达成某种协议，以低于成本的价格出售服务，要么至少有一家公司可能需要倒闭。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Lift went public on March 29以及第三段第一句On April 11, Umber went public in the stock market too.可知Umber和Lift共同点在于它们都在股票市场上市了。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段第一句First, it offers what is called “network effects”: The more riders you have, the easier it is to attract and send drivers, and the more drivers you have, the more riders you will attract.（首先，它提供了所谓的“网络效应”:乘客越多，吸引和发送司机就越容易，司机越多，吸引的乘客就越多。）可知“网络效应”意味着更多的乘客将吸引更多的司机。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中There are only two ways that the price war can end. Either Umber and Lift come to some son of agreement to slop selling their services below cost, or at least one of the companies may need to die. And so the pie-eating competition may continue forever, until everyone bursts.（价格战只有两种方式可以结束。要么Umber和Lift达成某种协议，以低于成本的价格出售服务，要么至少有一家公司可能需要倒闭。因此，吃派的竞争可能会永远持续下去，直到每个人都崩溃为止。）可知结束价格战的一个办法是达成一个双赢的协议。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句There are onl