2016年高考英语热点题型和提分秘籍 专题13 特殊句式.doc

. 【高频考点解读】特殊句式比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。 【热点题型】题型一 主谓一致例1、The basketball coach，as well as his team，_interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. AwereBwas Cis Dare 【易错剖析】本题容易误选A。把谓语动词看成了和靠近的名词his team一致，注意：A，as well as B作主语时,谓语动词和A一致。 【提分秘籍】1people，cattle等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数形式， 但family，class，team，group，public等集体名词作主语时，如果把它们作为一个整体看待，谓语动词应用单数形式；如果强调的是个体成员，谓语动词应用复数形式。 All my family enjoy skiing. 我们全家都喜欢滑雪。 2如果主语由“more than onen.”或“many an.”构成，谓语动词用单数形式；如果主语由“more复数名词than one”构成，谓语动词一般用复数形式。 More than one boy likes to play basketball while many a girl is good at playing baseball. 不止一个男孩喜欢打篮球然而不止一个女生擅长打棒球。 3由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。 Either you or your secretary has to check over the speech draft and correct the mistakes.要么是你要么是你的秘书必须检查一下演讲稿并把错误改过来。 4如果主语后面带有as well as，as much as,no less than，along with，with，like，rather than，together with,but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引导的短语时,句中谓语动词的单复数取决于主语的单复数。 Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer. Dr.Smith将在今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京。 In my opinion，he rather than you，is to resign. 依我看来，他，而不是你该辞职。 5单复数同形的名词作主语时，应根据名词的意义来确定谓语动词的单、复数形式。 Every necessary means has been used to protect milu deer which are very valuable to us.As a result，the number of the milu deer is increasing. 用来保护对于我们来说很珍贵的麋鹿的各种必要手段都已使用。因此，麋鹿的数量正在增加。 6由each，every，no所修饰的作主语的名词即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数形式。 Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the English evening party to be held on Saturday. 每个女生和男生都希望参加星期六举办的英语晚会。 【举一反三】 The number of people who _ exposed to secondhand smoking in public places _ up to 740 million in China. Ais；are Bare；are Cis；is Dare；is 解析：选D。考查主谓一致。分析句子成分后可知“who _exposed to secondhand smoking in public places”是定语从句修饰先行词people，谓语动词用复数形式are；整个句子的主语是“The number of people”，意为“人们的数量”，谓语动词用单数is，故D项正确。 题型二 倒装例2、Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _ having a holiday abroad. Ahe had considered Bhad he considered Che considered Ddid he consider 【解析】选D。考查倒装。表达否定意义的连词短语位于句首时运用部分倒装，因此可以排除A、C两项。再分析句子结构可知，本空所在的是主句部分，结合从句时态可知主句用一般过去时态。句意：直到三年前从教学上退休后他才考虑到国外度假。诸如倒装、虚拟语气这样的语法题，我们要熟记规则。 【易错剖析】本题容易误选B。只注意到了倒装而忽视了时态，主从句的动作几乎同时发生，不存在时态差别。 【提分秘籍】 1部分倒装 (1)在so/such.that.句型中，若so/such.提到句首时。 So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气如此冷以至于我们不得不呆在家里。 (2)hardly.when., no sooner.than.，not only.but also.等引导两个分句时,前一个分句用部分倒装,后一个分句不变。 Hardly had they got to the airport when the plane took off. 他们刚到机场飞机就起飞了。 Not only should we learn English，but also we should learn how to apply it to practice.我们不但应该学习英语而且我们应该学会如何把它应用于实践。 (3)否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时。 Little did I know that this spilled the end of my career. 我一点也没想到这会断送了我的职业生涯。 It is said that by no means can the students be allowed to get into this laboratory without Mr.Jacksons permission. 据说未经Jackson先生的许可,学生绝不允许进入这个实验室。 (4)当“only状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”置于句首时。 Only when Tom fully recovered did he go back to work. 只有当汤姆完全恢复他才回去工作。 (5)用于as引导的让步状语从句中(表语/状语/动词原形as主语)。 Quiet student as he may be，he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. 尽管他是一名沉默寡言的学生，但课后谈起他最喜欢的歌手他却滔滔不绝。 2完全倒装 (1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。 On the top of the hill stands a temple where the old man once lived. 在山顶上有一个这位老人曾经生活过的寺庙。 For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together. 那会儿，什么都没发生。之后大家一起欢呼起来。 (2)表语连系动词主语(表语可以是:形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词) Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests. 出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授还有许多其他客人。 【举一反三】 I got in his old truck and off _ to one of the far corners of the farm to fix the fences. Adid we go Bwent we Cdid go we Dwe went 解析：选D。虽然off位于句首常用完全倒装，但前提条件主语须是名词，此处主语是代词，所以不用倒装。 题型三 强调句型例3、It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic_Zheng He sailed to East Africa. Awhen Bthat Cafter Dsince 【易错剖析】本题容易误选D。忽略了时态，since引导时间状语从句的话，主句要用现在完成时。 【提分秘籍】 1强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 It was in the shop that we met him yesterday. 昨天我们在商店里遇到了他。 2强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前，特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词is/wasitthat从句”。 Was it Mr.White that to blame for breaking the cup? 是怀特先生因打碎杯子而应受责任吗？ 3“It was not until.that.”这个句型强调时间状语。 It was not until I went there that I began to know something about the matter. 直到我去那儿我才开始知道有关那件事。 【举一反三】 Not a single word in the guildebook _ because it was in Italian. AI can understand BI understood Ccould I understand Dcan I understand 解析：选C。考查倒装结构。否定词或否定结构置于句首时，句子常用部分倒装；再根据句中“was”的提示可知，此处应用过去时态，所以C项正确。 题型四 省略例4、All the photographs in this book, _ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. Aunless Buntil Conce Dif 【解析】选A。本题考查连词的应用。句意：除非做出特别说明，这本书中所有的照片可以追溯到20世纪50年代。由信息词otherwise可知，A项符合题意。 【易错剖析】本题容易误选D。原因在于只理解出了是条件状语从句,忽略了句子的意义是：如果没有另外的说明，unlessif.not。 【提分秘籍】 1.在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引导的状语从句中,若谓语有be动词,而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时,从句的主语和be常被省略. Though surprised to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome. 教授看到我们，虽然很惊讶，但还是热情地欢迎了我们。 When people cut down big trees，new trees should be planted. If not they will have no trees to cut down in the future. 当人们砍倒大树时，应该种植新树，不然的话，他们以后就没有树木可砍了。 2不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。 (1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid，be glad，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后边。 Whats the matter with Della? Well，her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party，but she still hopes to. Della出什么事了？ 父母不允许Della参加晚会，可她仍然希望参加。 Will you join in the game？你愿意加入做游戏吗？ Id be glad to.我很高兴。 (2)如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。 Are you a sailor？你是海员吗？ No，but I used to be.不，但我过去是。 【举一反三】 The new technology，if _ to farming，will help increase the grain output. Aapplying Bto apply Capplied Dhaving applied 解析：选C。考查省略。if引导的条件状语从句中省略了与主句相同的主语及系动词，补全后为：if the new technology is applied to farming，因此选C。 【高考风向标】 1(2014大纲全国卷)Not only _the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.【答案】do【解析】考查倒装句。句意：护士们不仅希望涨工资，还希望减少工时。not only.连接并列分句置于句首时，其后要用倒装。2(2014湖南卷)Only when you can find peace in your heart _ good relationships with others.(will you keep, you will keep)【答案】will you keep3(2014福建卷)It was the culture, rather than the language, _made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.【答案】that【解析】本题考查强调句型的判定。句意：是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。从理解思路上先看本句是不是强调句型：It is/was被强调部分that其他部分。强调句型的判断方法是将It is/was与that去掉，来验证此句是不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断句子“The culture, rather than the language, made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.”成分完整，由此可以断定本句是强调句型，所以空格处应用that。4(2014天津卷)Give me a chance, _Ill give you a wonderful surprise.【答案】and【解析】考查连词。句意：给我一个机会，我会给你一个惊喜。从句子的意思来看，前后两句为顺承关系。“祈使句and陈述句”，两个分句之间是顺承关系，其中祈使句可以是名词短语。5(2014陕西卷)No sooner _ Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.【答案】had【解析】本题考查倒装句以及时态。句意：莫言一登上舞台，观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声。no sooner.than.“一就”是一个固定搭配，而且主句通常用过去完成时态；no sooner置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。这个句子转化为陈述句为：Mo Yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.6(2014四川卷)Was it because Jack came late for school _ Mr. Smith got angry?【答案】that【解析】考查强调句。句意：史密斯先生生气是因为杰克上学迟到了吗？强调句用来引起他人注意，其结构是：“It is/was被强调的部分that/who. . . ”，可译为：“正是”或“就是”。强调句的一般疑问句结构是：Is/Was it.that/who.？本题中是对原因状语从句“because Jack came late for school”进行强调。7(2014湖南卷)_(make) what youre doing today important, because youre trading a day of your life for it.【答案】Make【解析】考查特殊句式。句意：让你今天所做的(变得)重要，因为你是在以付出你生命中的一天来交换的。“because youre trading”是一个原因状语从句，故前面应是主句，是一个完整的句子，make是动词原形，构成一个祈使句。8(2014湖南卷)All we need _(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.【答案】is【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：所有我们需要的是我们在一年中生长的季节能种植各种各样果树的一小块土地。All we need相当于All that we need，作主语，谓语动词用单数；且本句表达的是客观需要，故用一般现在时。9(2014湖南卷)Its not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do _ makes life happy.【答案】that【解析】考查强调句型。句意：让生活快乐的不是做我们喜欢的事，而是喜欢我们必须要做的事。Its.that.是一个强调句型。10. (2014四川卷)_me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.【答案】Call【解析】考查特殊句式。句意：明天给我打电话，我就告诉你实验结果。分析句子结构可知，这是“祈使句and陈述句”句式，因此应用动词原形开头。11(2013福建，34)Not until he went through real hardship _ the love we have for our families is important.Ahad he realized Bdid he realizeChe realized Dhe had realized【答案】B12(2013湖南，35)Not once_to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.Aoccurred it Bit did occurCit occurred Ddid it occur【答案】D【解析】考查倒装。否定词(短语)放于句首，句子要部分倒装，此处即将助动词did放于主语it之前。故答案选D。13(2013江苏，27)“Never for a second，”the boy says，“_that my father would come to my rescue.”AI doubted Bdo I doubtCI have doubted Ddid I doubt【答案】D【解析】考查倒装句型。否定词或否定短语位于句首，句子要部分倒装，此处never for a second为否定短语，句子描述的为过去的事情，故答案选D。14(2013江西，25)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness _ to him again.AI will speak Bwill I speakCdo I speak DI speak【答案】B【解析】考查倒装。Only 状语(从句)放于句首，句子要进行部分倒装，即将助动词放于主语之前，故排除A、D项；根据句意可以判断应该是对于将来事情的叙述，故使用将来时态，因此答案选B。15(2013辽宁，26)At no time_the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.Athey actually broke Bdo they actually breakCdid they actually break Dthey had actually broken【答案】C16(2013新课标，12)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent_properly in this hospital.Acan be the patientsBcan the patients be treatedCthe patients can be treatedDtreated can be the patients【答案】B【解析】考查倒装句。Only状语(从句)提前放于句首，句子应用不完全倒装，即将助动词can放于主语the patients之前，故答案选B。17(2013天津，11)It was not until near the end of the letter_she mentioned her own plan.Athat Bwhere Cwhy Dwhen【答案】A【解析】考查强调句。此处考查固定句型not.until的强调句，其句型结构为：It was not until.that句子。故答案选A。18(2013新课标，10)It was only after he had read the papers_Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.Awhen Bthat C which Dwhat【答案】B【解析】考查强调句。题干可还原为：Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete only after he had read the papers，即可判断为强调句，因此填that。19(2013重庆，27)It was with the help of the local guide _ the mountain climber was rescued.Awho Bthat Cwhen Dhow【答案】B【解析】考查强调句。该句可还原为the mountain climber was rescued with the help of the local guide，故可知为强调句，答案选B。20(2013湖南，30)Every day_a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.Aread Breading Cto read Dreads【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子，不难判断，该句为祈使句，故用动词原形，答案选A。【高考押题】1Whats the matter with you?My parents wont allow me to go to the ball. But I still _.(hope to, hope so, hope not, hope it)【答案】hope to【解析】考查省略。句意：你怎么了？我父母不允许我参加舞会。但我还是想去。此处为动词不定式的省略形式，补充完整为：But I still hope to go to the ball.2Where did you pick up the stamp?It was at the post office _ we worked in the summer vacation.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句和强调句型。句意：你在哪里得到的那张邮票？在我们暑假一起工作的邮局。where引导定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。答句是强调句的省略形式，补充完整为：It was at the post office where we worked in the summer vacation that I picked up the stamp.3When _(ask) about the reason for winning the prize, the girl owed the success to her teachers.【答案】asked【解析】考查省略。句意：当被问到获奖的原因时，这个女孩把她的成功都归功于她的老师。When引导的时间状语从句使用了省略结构，省略了主语和be动词。由于从句的主语the girl与动词ask之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用过去分词。4Such an inspiring speech _ he make at the graduation ceremony that every one of us was deeply moved and strongly encouraged.【答案】did5It was not until Jake came to China as an exchange student this summer _ he began to realize the importance of learning Chinese.【答案】that【解析】考查强调句型。句意：直到Jake今年夏天作为交换生来到中国，他才开始意识到学习汉语的重要性。分析句子结构可知，该句为强调句，此处应用that构成强调句型的基本框架。6Strange _ it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.【答案】as【解析】考查倒装。as作“虽然，尽管”讲，引导让步状语从句时，从句必须用倒装语序，形式为：形容词/副词/名词as主语谓语。7Reputation is a treasure that, once _(lose), can never be won back.【答案】lost【解析】考查省略。once lost(一旦失去)为状语从句的省略形式，省略了主语和be动词，补充完整应该是“once it is lost”，it指代reputation。8 His mind went so blank that little _ he write down for the first ten minutes in the test.【答案】did【解析】考查倒装。此处表示否定意义的词little放在了从句的句首，因此从句需使用部分倒装结构；因主语he与动词write构成主谓关系，所以用did。9Was it because of his shortsightedness _ he was turned down by the company?No, it was because of his poor performance.【答案】that【解析】考查强调句型。句意：因为近视他才被这家公司拒绝的吗？不是，因为他表现得不好。分析句子结构可知，问句为强调句的一般疑问句形式，because of his shortsightedness为被强调部分，所以此处应用that。10Unless _(ask) to answer questions, the pupils wont talk in Mrs Smiths class.【答案】asked【解析】考查省略。句意：除非被提问，否则同学们在史密斯夫人的课堂上从不讲话。由于主从句的主语一致，且从句含有be动词，故此处省略了主语和be动词。又因the pupils与动词ask之间为被动关系，故此处用过去分词asked。从句补充完整为：Unless they are asked to answer questions.11Jack opened the door; there _ he had never seen before.(a woman stood, stood a woman)【答案】stood a woman【解析】考查倒装。句意：杰克打开门，门口站着一位他以前从未见过的女士。there位于句首，而且主语是名词，所以此处用完全倒装结构。12Do you have any idea that _ that makes The Voice of China so popular?【答案】what it is【解析】考查强调句型。句意：你知道是什么让中国好声音如此受欢迎吗？分析句子结构可知，_ that makes The Voice of China so popular是强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，由于作idea的同位语，所以要用陈述语序；根据句意可知，疑问词应用what，意为“什么”。故填what it is。13As is shown in the movie, under no circumstances _ faith and confidence.(you should lose, should you lose)【答案】should you lose【解析】考查倒装。句意：正如在电影中所展示的那样，在任何情况下你都不应该失去信念和自信。当under no circumstances, in no way, by no means等表示否定意义的词组置于句首时，句子需用部分倒装结构，即把助动词/情态动词/be动词置于主语之前。14_， I believe, and you will find him very capable.(Having a talk with Tom, Given a talk with Tom, One more talk with Tom, If you have a talk with Tom)【答案】One more talk with Tom【解析】考查固定句式。句意：跟汤姆再谈谈，我相信你会发现他很能干。分析句子结构及四个选项可知，本句是“名词词组and陈