新标准大学英语4课后翻译.docx

Unit 1英译汉If you ask me, real life is not all its cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. Its just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan,the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all thats before Ive had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if Im interested in buying a pension. And this rate, I wont even last till the end of the year, let alone till Im 60. 依我看，现实生活并没有人们想象的那么美好。我们上了12年的中、小学，又上了3年大学， 这期间老师们一直在没完没了地谈论在备受呵护的学生生活之外的那个广阔天地里的各种机会，可我遇到的又是什么呢？ 无论我怎么想保持心情愉快，可麻烦事总是接踵而来：有时是跟人发生矛盾(尤其是跟男孩子，天哪！他们什么时候才能长大？)，但通常是为钱发愁。这个地方什么东西都很贵！人人都想从我身上赚点钱：税务局要收个人所得税，银行经理要我偿清学生贷款，房东催我交房租、燃气费、水费、电费，手机账单也不断地寄来。所有这些还没算上吃饭的钱。更可气的是，不知从哪里冒出一个自作聪明的家伙我打电话，问我要不要买养老金。照这样下去，我甚至都支撑不到年底，更别提活到60岁领养老金了。汉译英我认为，选修第二专业并不合适每一位本科生。我大学本科主修英语专业，大一时就开始辅修经济学了。无疑，我是班里最用功的学生。我竭尽全力想同时达到两个不同专业的要求，但还是有不及格的时候。因为经济学需要良好的数学基础，我不得不花大量时间钻研数学，因而忽略了英语学习。 第二学期，英国文学及宏观经济学两门课不及格给我敲响了警种，这可是我一生中第一次考试不及格，这大大打击了我的自信心。虽然我不是一个容易向命运低头的人，在暑假结束的时候，我还是决定放弃经济学，以免两个专业都难以完成。当我只需修一个专业的时候，一切似乎又回到了正轨。 If you ask me, taking a second major isnt good for every undergraduate. In my freshman year as an English major, I took economics as my minor. By all odds, I was the most hardworking student in my class. But try as I might to meet the requirements of the two different subjects, I still couldnt do well enough to pass all the exams.Given that the study of economics required a good command of mathematics, I had to spend so much time on math that I neglected my English major. Failing English Literature and Macro-economics in the second semester sounded the alarm for me. This was the first time I did not pass a course in my life, which had greatly sapped my confidence.Although I was not a man who would easily bow to fate, as the summer break came to a close, I decided to give up economics for fear that I would fail in both subjects. Now that I had only one subject to attend to, everything seemed to be on the right track again. Unit 2英译汉 Indubitably the vast majority of books overlap one another.Few indeed are those which give the impression of originality, either in style or in content.Rare are the unique books less than 50, perhaps, out of the whole storehouse of literature.In one of his recent auto-biographical novels, Blaise Cendrars points out that Rmy de Gourmont, because of his knowledge and awareness of this repetitive quality in books, was able to select and read all that is worthwhile in the entire realm of literature.Cendrars himselfwho would suspect it?is a prodigious reader. He reads most authors in their original tongue.Not only that, but when he likes an author he reads every last book the man has written, as well as his letters and all the books that have been written about him.In our day his case is almost unparalleled, I imagine.For, not only has he read widely and deeply, but he has himself written a great many books.All on the side, as it were. For, if he is anything, Cendrars, he is a man of action, an adventurer and explorer,a man who has known how to “waste” his time royally. He is, in a sense, the Julius Caesar of literature.不容置疑的是，大多数书都互相重复，在文体或内容上让人感到具有独创性的书实在是少之又少。在整个文学库藏中，只有极少数作品-或许不到50本-是独具一格的。在最近出版的一部自传体小说中，布莱斯桑德拉尔指出，古尔蒙之所以能够选择并通读文学领域中一切值得读的书籍，就是因为他知识渊博，并且了解书的这种重复性。桑德拉尔本人就是一个博览群书的人，没有人会怀疑这一点。他阅读了大部分作家的原作。不仅如此，一旦他喜欢上一个作家，他就会阅读这个作家写的每一本书，包括他的书信以及所有有关他的书籍。我猜想，在当今世界上，几乎没有人能像他一样，不仅读的广、读得精，而且还著述颇丰。可以说这一切都是在业余时间完成的。因为桑德拉尔是一个十足的行动家，一个四处跋涉的冒险家和探险家，一个懂得如何“肆意浪费”时间的人。从某种意义上说，他是文学界的凯撒大帝。汉译英 张磊是在毕业工作后才开始意识到读书的乐趣的。反思自己的大学教育时，他感慨不已：他的一些同学都沉浸于从图书馆或书店找到的各种有趣的书籍，而他却只读了一些教科书，其中连一本真正能让他爱不释手、值得一读的书都没有。他可以说是被剥夺了通过书了解作家奇妙世界的特权。 如今，他嗜书如命，废寝忘食，好像要把大学期间没机会读的好书全都读一遍。到目前为止他已经利用业余时间读了几百本小说、传记和游记。他意识到书不仅能向他展示一个充满希望的前景，帮他消除现实生活中的压力和疲劳，而且能够帮他澄清一些误解，找到生活的真谛。 It was not until after he had graduated from university and started to work that Zhang Lei became aware of the pleasure of reading. Reflecting on his undergraduate studies, he lamented that he, unlike his classmates who had immersed themselves in various interesting books they were able to lay hands on from the library or bookshop, had only read textbooks, none of which was really worthwhile, or could be read in one sitting. He was deprived of the privilege of gaining access to the writers fantastic worlds through the windows their books have opened, so to speak. Now he has become an avid and omnivorous reader. It is as if he wants to make up for those marvelous books he hadnt had a chance to read in his university days. By now, in his spare time, he has read several hundreds of books, including novels, biographies and travel notes. He realizes that books can not only reveal to him the vista of a hopeful future and help him withstand stresses and strains, they can also help him clear up some misconceptions and discover the true meaning of the life.Unit 3英译汉： 有时候，所谓的裙摆标志甚至能够预示股市的行情。2007年9月的纽约时装展展示了2008年春节流行式样，潮流转向了长衣、长裙，裙摆长及小腿中部，甚至到了脚踝。有人觉得这表明裙摆标志靠不住了，服装设计师已经丧失了对时装的主宰权。2008年9月，在伦敦和纽约时装展中，裙摆的高度继续降低。果然，2008年秋天金融危机袭击欧美，并波及全球，股指急剧下跌。这时，裙摆不再被动地追随股市的变化，而是预示股市行情及未来的经济趋势。汉译英：What you wear seems to dictate the kind of person you are supposed to be. Take primary school and high school students for example. One of the hard and fast rules they have to observe is that they must wear uniforms at school. There is no doubt that school uniforms would not have achieved their currency without a symbolic correlation between the uniformity of clothes and the students conformity to some common code of conduct.However, after years of school life, there is always a backlash secretly nursed in the students mind against the ubiquitous uniform which suppresses the expression of individuality. To compensate for this loss, students try to hunt for more casual and popular clothes and wear them on weekends. It is not until they start university, however, that they can really enjoy the freedom of dress, an anarchy associated with the cultivation of creativity and the encouragement of the free expression of ideas and talents. But this situation wont obtain for long. After a relatively short time of liberty, they may experience again the revived pressure of dress code as soon as they become professionals.Unit 4英译汉： 如今，尽管我们大多数人是因相爱而结婚，婚姻从根本上讲仍然是金钱上的结合。不管是工作的努力程度，还是决定消费多少或储蓄多少，我们生活中想要得到的-或不想得到的-许多东西归根结底都跟钱有关。对有些人来说，他们想要的就是一周工作80小时来支付第三套房的房款和乡村俱乐部的会员费；而对另一些人来说，他们想缩短上班时间，花更多的时间陪伴家人。 “关于钱的许多争论是提示我们想如何生活的密码，而生活方式的许多选择则与如何花钱密切相关。”宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院的商业及公共政策助理教授贝齐史蒂文森如是说，他研究婚姻和离婚经济学。 专家们说，夫妻共同做出这些选择是维护婚姻资产及婚姻关系的最重要的方法之一。当然，如果夫妻双方一开始就在钱的问题上看法相似，或者至少能够在钱的问题上互相妥协，那么事情就好办多了。汉译英：When it comes to the effects of the current economic downturn, the decrease of student activities is a good case in point. To enliven campus life, the university is always willing to carve out money for activities organized by student clubs and societies, but such sponsorships have been pared down this year because of huge budget cut. Apparently, student organizations need to weather their own financial crisis if they want to recover from their current state of inactiveness. Some suggest enrolling more club members, on the ground that the consequent increase of membership fees may help them get out of the difficulty.No doubt, if we have more members paying the annual fee, and if we cut back on our daily expenses, we can spare some money for organizing activities. But the bottom line is that the expenses of these activities are in proportion to the number of participants. Im afraid this wont be of much help. To boost student activities and to avoid going into the red, we still need to pool our ideas and come up with some other ways of raising money, in lieu of relying only on university grants and membership fees.Unit 5英译汉： 女人一填表就会暴露自己的个人经历。现在大多数的申请表会给出四种称谓选择。男人只有一种选择，即“先生”（Mr.），这除了表明他们是男性之外没有其他任何含义。女人则必须从三种称谓中选一个，而任何一种都是标记性的。如果一位女士勾选了“太太”（Mrs.）或者“小姐”（Miss）的称谓，那么她不仅暴露了自己的婚姻状况，而且还表明她在称谓方面很保守，或许在其他价值观念方面也很保守。如果她选择“女士”（Ms.）这一称谓，那么说明她拒绝透露自己的婚姻状况（而男士选“先生”这个称谓时则没有故意隐瞒任何事情，因为本来就没有要求他透露婚姻信息）。另外，在表格中勾选“女士”这一称谓的人会被标记为思想解放的人或叛逆者，这就要看评判她的人持什么样的态度和看法了。我有时会选择“博士”头衔，以避开这几种带标记的称谓选项。但这么做又会给自己带来风险，标明自己要么骄傲自大（于是乎招来讥讽的反应，比如“对不起，我不知道你是博士！”），要么是一个成功欲过强的人（那么对方的反应就是祝贺时的惊奇，比如“你真行！”）。汉译英：Our presumptions about what ideal husbands or wives are like reveal a lot about our gender expectations as well as our responses to them. If most girls want their fiancs to be tough, capable and reliable, there is no more option left for young men other than to be trained as tough, capable and reliable if they want to win girls heart. If they act to the contrary, they will most probably bemoan their bachelors status for the rest of their lives. Following the same unwritten rule, if most boys expect their fiances to be caring, patient and faithful more than anything else, girls are prone to let on that they will become faithful wives and loving mothers even if they are not the type.Looking into such gender expectations, we may find that they are based on both physiological and social factors. It goes without saying that women are physically prepared to bear children, whereas men are utterly unfit for the job. Therefore, a family is better-off when its male members devote their time to providing food and other necessities for it.Unit 6英译汉：历史学家不需要掌握特殊的技能去确定陶瓷或大理石残片的起源与断代、解读一段意义隐晦的铭文的含义、或是为确定一个准确的日期而进行繁复的天文计算。这些所谓的基本事实对所有的历史学家来说都是一样的，它们是历史学家可用的原始素材，而非历史本身。我要说的第二点是，之所以有必要确定这些基本的事实并不取决于事实的可靠性，而是取决于历史学家事先做出的判断。尽管C.P.司各特的那句箴言深入人心（注：司各特的箴言comments are free, but facts are sacred.“事实不可歪曲，评述大可自由”），但是现在每一名新闻记者都知道要影响大众舆论，最有效的方式就是对特定的事实进行选择和剪接。人们以前常说事实不言自明。这种说法显然是错误的，历史事实只是在历史学家用到时才会不言自明。哪些事实可以现身说法，以及这些事实以什么样的顺序或是在什么样的情景中出现都是由历史学家来决定的。 我记得皮兰德娄笔下的一个人物曾经说过：事实就像一个麻袋不塞点东西进去就立不起来。我们之所以对1066年发生在黑斯廷斯的战役感兴趣的唯一原因就是历史学家把这一战役看作是一个重大的历史事件。历史学家们依照自己的推断，认为凯撒穿越那条小河卢比孔河是一个史实，但没有人对在他之前或是之后几百万其他人穿过这条河的举动感兴趣。你半个小时之前或徒步、或骑车或开车来到这幢大楼，这件事和当年凯撒渡过卢比孔河一样都是一个关于过去的客观事实。( 这一段长句较集中。第二句的定语从句译成汉语时可拆分成并列句。注意 a priori decision和the appropriate facts 的译法。)汉译英：To make the campus safer, the university authorities recently released a new regulation th