高考语法-虚拟语气讲解及练习.doc

高考语法-虚拟语气讲解及练习清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供高考英语语法专题讲解-虚拟语气1 虚拟条件句：1.1 与现在事实不一致，其句型为：If +主语did，主语should（could, would, 或might）do.如：If I were you, I would study hard. （可倒装）If it rained, I would not be here now.1.2 与过去事实不一致，句型为： If +主语haddone，主语should（could, would, 或might）havedone.如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved. （可倒装）比较这一句：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would be saved. -（混合虚拟:要求根据语境判断！）1.3 将来事实不一致，句型为：do，主语should（could ，would, 或might）do. 如：If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.（可倒装）If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.（可倒装）If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.（混合虚拟）P.S:1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。1.4 虚拟倒装：在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.1.5 without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含虚拟（语气较为含蓄）,分3种情况动词作同上的变化。1.5.1 与现在事实相反：Without you, I would never know him. But for your cooperation, we wouldnt have done the work so well. I would be most glad to help you, but I am busy now.I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor! 1.5.2 与过去事实相反：But that she was afraid, she would have said no. I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working. 2 名词性虚拟语气：在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹、感叹、愿望时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，具体类型有：2.1 遇到：suggest, suggestion, insist, insistence, order, demand, request, command, propose,proposal ,desire, plan, idea时:主语（should）do，如：Mother insisted（坚决要求） that John go to bed at 9 oclock.（宾语从句）（P.S当insist意为“坚称说”，不要虚拟语气！）We suggested that the meeting should not be held.The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（同位语从句） （P.S当suggest意为“暗示，表明”，不要虚拟语气！）It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（主语从句）That is their demand that their wages be increased.（表语从句）2.2It is+natural/ necessary/ important/ surprising/ strange/ funny/extraordinary/ suggusted/ proposed/ requested/ ordered +that+主语+（should）+doIt is + a pity/ a shame/ no wonder/ an honor +that+主语+（should）+do如：It is stange that he (should) go himself.P.S. 上述词只表事实，不表情感 Should+do (表现在或将来) 2.3 主语+ be+ sorry/ surprised/ disappointed (表情感的词) +that +主语+ Should+have+done (表过去)(这里的should意为“竟然”)如：Im sorry that things should have come to this.2.4 Its (high) time that+主语shoulddo / 主语did，例如：Its time that you went to school. =Its time that you should go to school. 你该去上学了。（早该去了，可你没去）2.5 wish后的宾语从句：与现在愿望不一致: 主语did；I wish I were you.与过去愿望不一致: 主语haddone；I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.与未来愿望不一致: 主语would（could）do。I wish I could met you tomorrow at the party. wish的感叹句: How I wish+根据3种情况的相应句法 = If only （用法同wish） 如： How I wish I had known the answer. = If only I had known the answer. P.S. wish+从句，表示不肯能实现的愿望，所以用虚拟语气；hope+从句，表示可能实现的愿望，不用虚拟语气2.6 would rather/ as if（though） 2.6.1 与现在/ 未来事实相反：did 如： I would rather you stayed here now. She loves the children as if they were hers.2.6.2 与过去事实相反：had done 如： I would rather you had stayed here at that time. Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. P.S. as if/ though 遇到 It seems/ appears/ sounds/ looks etc.时有时依据以需要，表示说话者认为有可能的事实。如：It sounds as if the bell is ringing.【虚拟语气专项训练】1、It is important that a college student a foreign language.Awill masterBmasterCmastersDwould master2、It is strange that she without saying a word.Ashould have gone outBwentCshould go outDgoes out3、If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.Ahad been, would have preventedBhad been, would preventCwere, would preventDwere, would have prevent4、“He is a brave man.”“Yes, I wish I his courage.”AhaveBhadCwill haveDmay have5、If it rain, the crops would be saved.AshouldBwillCis going toDwas to6、He ordered that the medicine by a special plane.Awas sent Bwould be sentCshould sendDbe sent7、If you the medicine, you better now.Atook, would feelBhad taken, feltChad taken, would feelDtook, would have felt8、She is my sister, but she often acts as if my mother.AisBwasCwereDhad been9、I went to bed early last night, but I wish I so.Adidnt doBhadnt doChavent doneDcouldnt do10、Id rather he tomorrow afternoon.Awill comeBcomesCcomingDcame11_ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given upC. Did he give D. If he gave up12. We insisted that the meaningless argument _.A. should bring to an endB. was brought to an endC. might come to an end D. come to an end13. I _ to your birthday party last Sunday. Unfortunately, you were out on business.A. had come B. came C. would come D. would have come14. His suggestion that you _once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tried C. must try D. can try15. _him not to do so, he wouldnt have made such a serious mistake.A. Did I persuade B. If I persuade C. If I should persuade D. Had I persuade16. Its high time that we students _ even harder at our lessons as the national entrance examination is coming nearer.A. work B. will work C. worked D. have to work17. It is necessary that people both young and old in China _some English to be prepared for the Olympic Games to be held in Beijing in 2008. A. learn B. will learn C. must learn D. have learned18. - We werent sure which way to go. In the end we turned right. - You _ the wrong way. You _ left. A. went; should have turned B. have gone; must turn C. went; would have turned D. had gone; must have turned19. If there were no subjective mood, English much easier.（84，17）A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be20. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rules. (85,10)A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey21. If she had worked harder, she . (86,10)A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeedD. would have succeeded22. There was plenty of time. She . (87,6)A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurriedC. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried23. I insist that a doctor immediately.(88,6)A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for24. The rice if you had been more careful.(88,9)A. would not be burning B. would not burnC. Would not have been burnt D. would not burnt25. If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.(89,15)A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would preventC. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented26. Jenny have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.(91,33)A. must B. should C. need D. would27. If it for the snow, we the mountain yesterday. (91,38)A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climbC. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb28. Without electricity human life quite different today.（91MET，38）A .isB. will be C. would have been D. would be29. We last night, but we went to the concert instead.(92,33)A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study30. If he , he that food. (93,25)Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned ;would not have takenC. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken31. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I for her.(94,16)A. had to write it out B. must have written it outC. should have written it out D. ought to write it out32. You didnt let me drive. If we in turn, you so tired. (96,19)A. drove, didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got33. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she something she would regret later.(96上海,21)A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said34. I wish I _ you yesterday. (88, 40)A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see35. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. (NMET/上海/2000/36)A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie36. What would have happened _, as far as the river bank? (NMET/Shanghai/2001/40)A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk fartherC. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther37. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. (NMET/Shanghai/2001/spr./40)A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored38. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! (NMET/Shanghai/spr./2002/31)A. has B. had C. will have D. had had39. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (NMET/Shanghai/2002/37)A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. shall fall D. were to fall40. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ your advice. (NMET/Shanghai/2003/spr./40)A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow41. If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock. (2005/湖南/30) What a pity! Tina _ here to see you.A. is B. was C. would be D. has been42. We missed you at this mornings meeting, Diana. _, but if I hadnt had to meet a friend, I would have been there. (2005/重庆/35)A. Me, too B. Im sorry C. Never mind D. Thank you43. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _ yesterday. (2006/全国I/31)A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened44. If it were not for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her to the party. (2006/福建/27)A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not45. _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006/湖北/31)A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be虚拟语气专项答案：1、B2、A3、A4、B5、A6、D7、C8、C9、B10、D11B 12.D 13 D 14.A 15.D16.C 17.A 18.A选校网 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit13-14重点句型1. Our eating habits have changed, as has our way of life.2. Only in this way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.3. Each time we celebrate a festival it change a little.4. It is not a sad day, but rather a time to celebrate the cycle of life.5. Not all of them are bad for us.6. Some food does have nutrients.7. There seems to be no other choice. 重点词汇1examine vt. 检查2. energy n. 精力，能量3. fuel n. 燃料，营养物4. diet n. 日常饮食5. product n. 产品6. mineral n. 矿物7. function n. & vi. 功能，作用，起作用8. chemical n. & adj. 化学制品，化学的9. balance vt. & vi. 平衡10. supplement n. 补充11. fit adj. 健康的，适合的 v.适合12. digest vt. 消化，领会13. gain vt. 增加，获得14. sleepy adj. 困乏的15. tasty adj. 可口的16. symbol n. 象征17. conflict n. 冲突18argument 7j争论19. honour n. & vt. 荣誉，给以荣誉20. ancestor n. 祖先，祖宗21. respect vt. 尊敬22. celebration n. 庆祝23. light vt. 点燃，照亮24. faith n. 信任，忠实25. creativity n. 创造力26. purpose n. 目的，意图27. principle n. 法则，原则28. commercial adj. 商业的，贸易的29. similar adj. 相似的30. advise vt. 建议，劝告 重点短语1. make a choice 做出选择2. now and then 有时，偶尔3. dross up 盛装，打扮4. in ones opinion 按照的看法5play a trick on sb开某人的玩笑6. take in 欺骗，摄取7. in the future 未来8. lose weight 减肥9. keep up with 与保持一致10. be good for 对有好处11. be based on 以为基础12. be careful with 小心，警惕13. look into the eyes 坦然地正视某人14. care about 关心15. lead / live an unhealthy life 过着不健康的生活16. be rich in 丰富17. combine.with. 结合18. a new cycle of life 轮回转世19. in other words 换句话说20. be short of 短缺短语闯关 下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过炎，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?1. _ food 垃圾食品2. _ to 应当，应该3. plenty _ 许多，大量的4. keep _ with 跟上；赶上5. _ a choice 作出选择6. now _ then 时而，不时；偶尔7. roll _ (使)成卷(或筒、球)形8. dress _ 盛装；(乔装)打扮；装饰9. _ ones opinion按照的看法10. _ a trick on sb. 开某人玩笑；欺骗某人；捉弄 某人11. take _ 欺骗；摄取12. (be) short _ 缺乏13. _ fit 保持健康14. lose (some) _ 减肥15. be harmful _ 对有害16. be careful _ 小心，警惕，当心17. in _ words换句话说18. make _ with与交朋友19. care _ 关心2O. get _ 下车21. go _ 适用于；应用于22. _ purpose故意地23. as _ as和一一样好；也24. ask (.) _ (向某人)要求得到某物25. be prepared _ 为做准备 交际用语1. Ive got a pain here. This place hurts.2. There is something wrong with .3. I dont feel well.4. Lie down and let me examine you.5. Drink plenty of water and get some rest.6. In my opinion, we should .7. I hope we can make a decision.8. I don t think it is necessary to . 词汇短语1. balance vt. / vi. / n. 平衡；使平稳 balanced adj. 平衡的；均衡的 I found it hard to keep my balance on the icy path. 我发现在结冰的路上行走很难保持平衡。 When you learn to ride a bike you must learn to balance. 你学骑自行车时必须学会保持平衡。 词组lose / keep ones balance 失去保持平衡 be in the balance 悬而未决；犹豫 on balance 考虑周全 strike a balance 力求公平 balanced diet 均衡的饮食2. fit v. 适合 adj. 健康的，适合的 This dress doesnt fit me. 这衣服不适合我。 Your theory fits all the facts. 你的理论与全部事实相符合。 It would be months before he was fit for the job. 他要几个月才能适应这项工作。 You look very fit, Mike. 迈克，你看上去很健康。 词组 keep fit 保持健康 Martha goes to keep fit classes and does exercises every morning. 玛莎每天早上去健身班上课做体操。3. light vt. / vi. 点燃；照亮；发出喜悦的亮光 light adj. 轻的 light n. 光线；灯 lighted adj. 点燃了的 He lighted his cigarette，said good night and went out. 他点燃烟，说声晚安就出去了。 One large lamp lit the room. 一只大电灯照亮了整个房子。 词组 light up 点燃；照亮；变得高兴起来 bring / come to light 为人所知 shed / throw light on 使明白，解释 (to make clear； explain)4. advise vt. 劝告；建议；忠告 advice U 劝告； adviser n. 顾问；劝告者advise sth. 建议某事/ sb. (not) to do sth. (劝告某人) / doing sth. 建议做某事 / sb. + 疑问词 + 不定式 建议某人怎么样 / (sb.)that + 主语 + (should) do sth. 建议某人应做某事He advised an early start./ me to start early/ starting early/ (me) that I (should) start early. Could you advise me what to do next?5. dress vt./ vi. / n. (1) vt. A. 给穿衣服。表穿的动作，用于dress sb. / oneself 结构 She hurriedly dressed her son and took him to the kindergarten. 她匆匆忙忙地给她儿子穿好衣服，然后带他到幼儿园。 B. 用过去分词作表语，表示穿着的状况。 The man is poorly dressed 那人衣衫褴褛。 C. be / get dressed in 表示穿着的衣服，后面接表 示衣服或者颜色的词。 The two foreign students were both dressed in Chinese style clothes. 那两个外国学生都穿着中式衣服。 (2) vi. A. 穿衣；穿(夜)礼服，后面常接副词或表示 目的、场合的介词短语。 Ill be ready in a moment; Im dressing. 我一会儿就准备好；我正在穿衣服。 Few people dress for dinner now. 现在很少有人穿礼服赴宴了。 They all dressed well (badly). 他们都穿得不错(不好)。 B. dress up 穿上盛装，乔装打扮(指欧美人在化装舞 会或演戏时穿的特殊服装)。 Dont bother to dress up. Come as you are. 用不着讲究穿衣服，就穿平常的衣服来吧。 (3) n. 女服；礼服；服装 dress 作“女服”、“礼服”解时是可数名词，作“服装”讲 时，是不可数名词。 At the palace ball, all the women wore their smartest dresses. 词语比较1. pain, ache, hurt 三词都可表示“疼痛”，但pain常作名词，有时也作动 词，可指一般的疼痛。ache常作动词，指局部较持久 的疼痛，是隐痛，作名词常出现在复合词中。hurt只 作动词，常指精神、感情伤害，也指肉体上疼痛。 I have pains (a pain / pain) in the arm. 我手臂痛。 His head aches when the weather is hot. 天气一热，他就头痛。 I was hurt at his words. 我对他的话感到不快。 Does your leg still hurt? 你的腿还疼吗?2. a bit, a little (1) a bit 和 a little 在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副 词及其比较级，可以换用，表示“一点儿”。如： The speaker spoke up a bit / a little so as to make himself heard more clearly. 演讲者把嗓音提高一点，以便使别人听得清楚。 (2) a bit 和 a little 在否定句中，意思正好相反。 not a bit = not at all not a little = very much / extremely Im not a bit tired. = Im not tired at all. 我一点也不累。 Im not a little tired. = Im very tired. 我非常累。 (3) a little 可直接作名词的定语，而 a bit 则要在后面 加 of 构成短语才能作定语，二者都只能修饰不可数 名词。 Theres only a little / a bit of food left for lunch. 午餐只剩一点儿食品了。 注意 a bit of 的复数是 bits of，而a little不能变复 数。3. in a / one word, in other words, in words (1) in a / one word意思是“简言之，总之”。一般作 插入语，通常位于句首，用逗号与句子隔开。 In a word, we must learn English well. 总之，我们必须学好英语。 (2) in other words 意思是“换句话说”“换言之”，常位 于句首，对前面所说的话进行解释。 You failed the exam this timeIn other words, you didnt pass the exam this time. 你这次没有通过考试。换句话说，你这次考试没及 格。 (3) in words 意思是“用语言，口头上”，也可以写为 with words，通常位于句末。 I do not want you simply to promise me with / in words that you will be good. 我并不要求你们只在口头上答应我你们要做好学 生。 I cant describe it in / with words. 我无法用语言来描述。4. allow, permit, let, promise (1) allow