《英美概况》练习题.doc

英美概况练习题I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:The highest mountain in Britain is _.A. Scafell B. Ben NevisC. the Cotswolds D. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _.A. the Clyde B. the MerseyC. the Severn D. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. England B. ScotlandC. Wales D. Northern Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _.A. Europe B. the United StatesC. Africa D. the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _.A. the Normans B. the CeltsC. the Iberians D. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _.A. Roman invasion B. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasion D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. John B. James IC. Elbert D. Henry I9. Christmas Day _, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056 B. 1066C. 1006 D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _ dynasty.A. Windsor B. TudorC. Malcolm D. Plantagenet11. In 1265 _ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry III B. the PopeC. Barons D. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years war stated in _ and was ended in _, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of _.A. 1337, 1453, Flanders B. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, Agincourt D. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _ years and king _ was replaced by king _.A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorC. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in _ in the early _ century.A. England, 14 B. England, 15C. Italy, 14 D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _, a small group of Puritans sailed from _ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the New Land.A. 1620, London B. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, London D. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared _ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines. A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the Roses D. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _ in 1583.A. Canada B. AustraliaC. India D. Newfoundland19. _ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIII B. Edward VIIC. George VI D. George VII20. In January _ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957 B. 1967C. 1973 D. 197921. Soon after _, Britain not only gave up its economic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900 B. the First World WarC. the Second World War D. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _ rate and the highest _ rate.A. inflation, growth B. growth, inflationC. growth, divorce D. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _.A. the exhaustion of old mines B. costly extractionC. little money being invested D. the labor shortage24. Britains foreign trade is mainly with _.A. developing countries B. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countries D. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _.A. the Lord Chancellor B. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister 26. A General Election is held every _ years and there are _ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600 B. five, 650C. five, 651 D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _ and he or she always sits in _.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _.A. the Queen B. the CabinetC. the House of Lords D. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community law B. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _ passes sentenced and _ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the jury B. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the jury D. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. _ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates courts B. Youth courtsC. District courts D. The Crown Court32. Londons Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _.A. the England secretaries B. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _ and based at first on _.A. 1948, Acts of Parliament B. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of Rights D. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _.A. war pension B. child benefitC. family credit D. unemployment benefit35. Except that _ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churches or of none.A. the Lord Chancellor B. the Prime MinisterC. the Speaker D. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _.A. independent schools B. junior schoolsC. independent schools D. primary schools37. There are some _ universities, including the Open University.A. 900 B. 290C. 90 D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive partly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _ country in the world.A. largest B. second largestC. third largest D. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, _ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the Mississippi B. the MissouriC. the Hudson D. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the Potomac B. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande River D. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _.A. Yale B. HarvardC. Oxford D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nations capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _.A. the American West B. the Great PlainsC. the Midwest D. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in Americas most important _ area.A. agricultural B. industrialC. manufacturing D. mining industry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _.A. 1882 B. 1883C. 1900 D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from _ and _.A. Ireland/France B. England/ChinaC. Scotland/England D. England / Netherland48. Uncle Toms Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _.A. early settlers B. PuritansC. native Indians D. black slaves49. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _ great population movement in the history of the United States.A. two B. threeC. four D. five50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _.A. gold mines B. silver minesC. coal mines D. copper mines51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _.A. James Madison B. Thomas JeffersonC. Alexander Hamilton D. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _ adopted the Declaration of Independence.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention53. The victory of _ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. Saratoga B. GettysburgC. Trenton D. Yorktown54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil Rights D. Federalist Papers55. President Jefferson bought _ from France and doubled the countrys territory.A. New Mexico B. the Louisiana TerritoryC. Kansas D. Ohio56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _.A. Paul Revere B. John LockeC. Cornwallis D. Frederick Douglass57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by _.A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and Britain D. German, Italy and Japan58. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _ and _ conditions.A. economy/political B. social/politicalC. economy/social D. political/cultural59. As a result of WWI, _ was not one of the defeated nations.A. Germany B. Austro-HungaryC. Ottoman D. Russia60. The aim of President Roosevelts New Deal was to “save American _.”A. economy B. politicsC. society D. democracy61. The longest war that the United States has fought is _.A. the War of Independence B. the Civil WarC. the Vietnam War D. the Gulf War62. After long and difficult negotiations in Paris, the United States and _ signed a cease-fire agreement on January 27, 1973.A. South Vietnam B. North VietnamC. China D. Vietnam63. President Kennedy inspired many to work to wipe out poverty and to end segregation and voting rights abuses. His Program was called _.A. the New Freedom B. the New DealC. the New Right D. the New Frontier64. _, which was passed by Congress in the spring of 1940, made it unlawful for any group to advocate or teach the violent overthrow of government in the United States.A. The Civil Rights Act B. The War Power ActC. The Smith Act D. The Marshall Plan65. It was this trend of conservatism that brought _ into the White House.A. Kennedy B. JohnsonC. Nixon D. Reagan66. The second busiest port in the United States is _.A. New York B. HoustonC. Los Angeles D. New Orleans67. In the postwar years government involvement was emphasized when the U.S. adopted _ theory in running the economy.A. monetarist B. KeynesianC. McCarthism D. New Freedom68. _ is the countrys leading state in oil and natural gas deposit.A. Alabama B. VirginalC. Texas D. Georgia69. _ is the Pacific Coasts largest and busiest commercial city and the second largest city in population in the U.S.70. Among the following, _ is not within the power of the U.S. President.A. He can veto laws passed by the CongressB. He appoints federal court judgesC. He is the head of the executive branch of governmentD. He is responsible for the interpretation of the Constitution.71. The “winter-take-all” system applies in all states except _.A. Rhode Island B. MaineC. Georgia D. Hawaii72. In the dual process by which the Constitution could be charged, amendments must have the approval of _ of the states before they enter into force.A. one-second B. two-thirdsC. three-fourths D. all73. After the 1828 election of _, the Democratic-Republican Party split.A. Thomas Jefferson B. Andrew JacksonC. Franklin Roosevelt D. Abraham Lincoln74. The system of higher education in the U.S. has three principal functions except _.A. teaching B. researchC. public service D. individual service75. What are the focuses of reform happened in the mid-1980s?A. the rising of the standards of teaching and learningB. the raising of the standards of teaching and learningC. eliminating drugs and violence from schoolD. both A and BII. Filling in the blanks:1. The ancestors of the English were _, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the _.2. In the mid-5th century, three Teutonic tribes _, _, and _ invaded Britain. Among them, the _ gave their name to English people.3. In the 8th century, the _ began to attack the English coasts. Under the leadership of King _ the West Saxons offered resistance.4. The battle of _ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.5. Under William, the _ system in England was completely established.6. The Great Charter was established at restricting the power of the _.7. _ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced Englands population from four million to _ million by the end of the 14th century.8. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in _.9. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported _, while the Roundheads supported _.10. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a _, later, he became _.11. The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _ and _. The former were the forerunners of the _ Party, the latter were of the _ party.12. In 1765, the Scottish inventor _ produced a very efficient _ that could be applied to textile and other machinery.13. The British Empire began with the founding of _ in 1583, and fell after the end of _.14. In the first Civil War, the kings men were called _and the supporters of parliament were called _.15. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “_” of the world.16. During the Second World War _ led Britain to final victory in 1945.17. The largest immigration movement did not take place until _.18. _ is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the American War of Independence.19. The Union Army defeated the Confederate army at _, Pennsylvania and it was the turning point of the Civil War.20. In 1620, the Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called _.21. The last war between the United States and Britain was fought between _ and 1814.22. _, which banned slavery, was added to the Constitution in December, 1865.23. Between 1607 and 1733 the British established _ colonies along the east coast of North America.24. The name of American Indian was given by _.25. _ was the magic word that drew people to America.26. In the early 1930s, the American foreign policy was _.27. _ and his Model T helped the Unites States to move on the way to becoming a nation on wheels.28. At the beginning of the Great Depression, the first blow to the stock market came on October 24, 1929, called _.29. During the First World War the U.S. pursued a policy of _.30. The Japanese attacked _ in Hawaii on December 7th , 1941.III. Rearrangement of the following historical events in the order in which they took place:A. 1. _ a. Norman Conquest2. _ b. Anglo-Saxon Conquest3. _ c. the birth of Parliament4. _ d. Roman Conquest5. _ e. Danish Invasion B. 1. _ a. the outbreak of the Wars of the roses 2. _ b. the outbreak of the Hundred Years War 3. _ c. the Black Death 4. _ d. the “glorious revolution” 5. _ e. the execution of Charles I 6. _ f. the restoration of Charles II IV. Translation of the following terms.1. the Hadrians Wall:2. Alfred the Great3. William the Conqueror4. the battle of Hastings5. the Great Charter6. the Hundred Years War7. Joan of Arc8. the Black Death9. the Wars of Roses10. Bloody Mary11. Elizabeth I12. Oliver Cromwell13. Whigs and Tories14. James Watt15. Winston Churchill16. the Emancipation Proclamation17. the Truman Doctrine:18. the Marshall PlanV. Answering the following questions briefly 1. What is the full name of the United Kingdom?2. What are the other names?3. What are the two large islands that make up the British Isles? 4. What are the four political divisions of the United Kingdom?5. Whats its respective capital（首府）?6. Whats the national anthem?7. Whats its national flower?8. Whats its national flag?9. Wha