大城市停车换乘(论文摘要 多个).doc

大城市停车换乘（P&R）系统的实施条件及规划设计方法研究Implementation Condition and Planning Methods of P&R System in Metropolitans论文作者 论文导师 朱晓宁;陈金川,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 交通运输规划与管理论文单位 北京交通大学,点击次数 122,论文页数 79页File Size6698K2008-06-01论文网 /lunwen_34460642/ Park and Ride; Implementation Condition; Demand Forecast; Planning Evaluation停车是静态交通的重要组成部分。但长期以来,停车规划都未受到足够的重视,而今随着机动车保有量的迅猛增长,停车问题已成为城市交通的大难题。值得注意的是,我国大城市是在交通基础设施条件、交通管理水平相对不足的情况下,应对机动化交通快速增长的压力,这就会使停车设施短缺、道路拥挤、环境污染、交通安全等问题更加突出。至此,仅加强交通基础设施建设、提高整个路网的交通容量已难以满足交通需求,因此一些大城市在交通战略层面上提出了停车换乘这一措施。由国外实践表明,作为交通需求管理的一种手段和政策,停车换乘可以降低城市中心区的交通拥挤程度。 本文参考国外先进经验,结合我国大城市的实际情况,对停车换乘系统的实施条件及规划设计方法进行研究。主要工作有以下几个方面: 1.阐述了停车换乘系统研究与实践的现状,简要介绍了停车换乘系统的基本理论,包括停车换乘的定义、产生发展、类型及作用等,又从正负效应两方面总结了停车换乘的实施效果。 2.利用逻辑描述及模型量化的方法分析了停车换乘系统实施的条件,并对北京市设置停车换乘系统进行了可行性分析。 3.描述了停车换乘行为过程,采用出行行为与意向调查方法分析了停车换乘选择行为的影响因素。 4.重点研究了城市停车换乘系统具体的规划设计问题,包括停车换乘布局选址、停车换乘需求预测、停车换乘规划评价等。 5.最后对停车换乘实施的相关政策进行研究,包括停车产业化政策、公共交通优先政策及中心区拥挤收费政策。 本文的重点与难点在于,文中在对以上理论进行研究的基础上,结合北京市实际交通状况进行了北京市回龙观地区停车换乘系统选址及需求分析,并利用TransCAD软件对所规划的停车换乘设施的效果进行仿真评价。Parking is an important part of static traffic. But for a long time, parking facilities planning did not have enough attention. Along with quick urbanization and motorization developing, urban areas of cities in China have been experiencing a significant increase in traffic congestion. At this point, only strengthen the transport infrastructure construction or improve the road network capacity can not meet traffic demand, thus introducing the concept of the Park and Ride. Practice from abroad shows that as a means and policy of traffic demand management, Park and Ride can reduce urban central area traffic congestion. This paper provide a more suitable planning approach for our Park and Ride system referring to the advanced foreign experience and the actual situation of Chinas largest city. The mainly contents of this dissertation includes: 1. Study and practice situation of P&R is expounded. Basic theories of P&R including definition, development , type of role and positive and negative effects are introduced briefly 2. P&R implement conditions is analyzed using logic and model describe method. Then a feasibility analysis of P&R in Beijing is carried out. 3. P&R acting process is described. And impact factors of P&R choice are analyzed by the RP/SP survey. 4. The design issues of P&R system, including the layout of the site, the demand forecasts and the planning evaluation are solved. 5. Some relevant policy of P&R is researched at the last. The focus and difficult of this paper is combined with the actual traffic situation of Beijing, do the Park and Ride system site selection and needs analysis of Beijing Huilongguan area, and use TransCAD software simulate the effects on the planned Park and Ride facility.停车换乘（P&R）行为研究Study on Park and Ride Behavior论文作者 秦焕美论文导师 关宏志,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 交通运输规划与管理论文单位 北京工业大学,点击次数 55,论文页数 86页File Size874k2005-05-01论文网 /lunwen_6069752/ P&R;P&R 选择模型;logit 模型;意愿偏好性Park & Ride; P&R choice model; Logit model; Intent preference交通拥堵、停车问题是困扰国内外诸多大城市的难题,为了解决这一难题人们试用了各种方法。最初的想法是扩大道路交通容量,建设停车设施,然而对于有限的城市空间来说,大量新设施的建设是不现实的。根据国外的发展经验,停车换乘(Park & Ride, P&R)是解决中心区交通压力的有效办法,它可以使自驾车出行者在城市边缘地区停车,换乘高容量的公共交通,以减少进入城市中心区的小汽车数量,减轻道路拥堵,提高出行效率,使交通系统得到改善。目前,北美、欧洲部分国家以及日本等国均有成功建设P&R 系统的案例。在中国,为了缓解大城市中心区交通拥堵、促进轨道交通事业的发展、节省能源及保护环境,在北京等一些大城市正在积极规划、建设P&R 系统。为了提高P&R 系统规划决策的科学性,达到充分发挥P&R 系统的作用,使政府对交通项目的投入产生最大的经济和社会效益,因此有必要对P&R 行为进行研究。本文以在北京市建立P&R 系统为目标,从行为角度出发进行研究。文中首先回顾了国内外对P&R 的相关研究,由于国内的研究刚刚起步,因此重点对国外的研究情况进行了叙述,然后对P&R 系统的概念、起源、分类、意义进行了概述,简单分析了P&R 行为的一般影响因素。介绍了在我国大城市北京进行的P&R 行为调查的设计方法,基于调查数据,通过初步统计分析得出了一些基本统计结论。然后利用最优尺度分析方法对不同性别、年龄、职业、收入等群体的P&R 选择意愿进行了分析,根据随机效用理论分平假日建立了P&R 选择行为Logit 模型,并对模型进行了分析和检验,两模型的精度均较高,平日模型中收入、出发地、目的地、支付方式、出行费用和时间是重要的影响因素,假日模型中,收入、出发地、目的地、出行目的、出行费用和时间是重要的影响因素。最后,基于出行方式选择具有偏好的假设,将调查样本进行了偏好性的分类,对各选择偏好群体的特征进行了分析,建立了考虑偏好性的出行选择模型,分析结果表明,考虑了选择偏好模型的精度较原模型得到很好的改善。Traffic jam and the lack of parking lots are the main problems that troubled a lot of domestic and foreign metropolis. In order to resolve the problems, people have tried out many methods. The initial idea is to expand the capacity of road and build parking facilities, but the construction of a large number of new facilities is unrealistic for the limited urban space. According to the experience of foreign countries, Park & Ride (P&R) is an effective method to relieve the traffic pressure in the centre district. It enables the persons who go out by their private car to park at the border of the city and transfer to the public transport with high capacity. Thus it can reduce the car quantity entering the center, relieve the road jam, increase the traffic efficiency and make the traffic system improved. Some countries in North America and Europe and Japan have successfully built the P&R system. In China, in order to alleviate the traffic jam in metropolis, promote the development of railway transportation, save the energy and protect the environment, P&R system is in actively planning in metropolis such as Beijing, etc. In order to improve the science in the planning of P&R system, make the system fully utilized and make the expend of the traffic project from the government produce the greatest economic and social benefit, it is necessary to do research on P&R behavior. This paper targets at the building of P&R system in Beijing and does research from behavior. It firstly reviewes the relevant studies about P&R at home and abroad in which the foreign research are emphasized because the domestic research has just started. Then it summaries the concept, origin, classification of P&R system and the basic elements influencing P&R behavior and introduces the design method and the basic conclusions of the P&R behavior survey carried in metropolisBeijing. Then it analyzes the P&R choice preference by Optimal Scaling Analysis under different sex, age, occupation, income, etc. After introducing the random utility theory, this paper sets up two P&R choice behavior logit models on weekdays data and weekends data respectively and analyzes and tests the models. The results show that the precision of城市综合客运交通体系中停车换乘系统研究Research on Park-and-Ride Services of Urban Comprehensive Passenger Transportation System论文作者 论文导师 邓卫,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 交通运输规划与管理论文单位 东南大学,点击次数 15,论文页数 52页File Size704K2006-03-01论文网 /lunwen_257377072/ passenger transfer;Park-and-Ride;layout location;evaluation本文对城市综合客运交通体系中的停车换乘问题进行了研究。结合我国实际情况,分析了停车换乘在我国实施的适用性,并分别对换乘选择模型的建立、换乘需求量预测、停车换乘设施布局,以及换乘设施综合评价等方面进行了较深入的研究。 在分析城市中心区交通问题的基础上,提出了小汽车在城市中心区外换乘的必要性。分析了轨道交通的发展及规划情况,结合轨道交通自身优势,指出轨道交通作为小汽车换乘方式的合理性。通过分析国外城市实施停车换乘的经验,总结实施停车换乘的城市应具备的一般性条件,并结合我国大城市实际情况,探讨了停车换乘对中国城市的适用性,并建立了研究的主要理论框架。 分析影响停车换乘的主要因素,确定换乘合理区。运用logit模型建立的基本原理,建立了换乘选择模型,并给出了模型的求解算法和步骤,并探讨了模型在停车换乘需求预测中的应用。 根据换乘站位置选择的原则,分析了影响停车换乘设施布局的因素,建立了换乘站的一般选址模型MO-MCDDP公式。同时根据停车换乘设施的最优选址是在距离换乘需求车辆最近的位置,建立基于GIS的换乘设施优化选址方法,并且确定换乘停车场的容量规模,为建设停车换乘枢纽提供依据。并对北京市的停车换乘设施选址进行了实例分析。 最后,通过对停车换乘枢纽评价指标体系建立的原则、选取指标的方法及量化等方面的探讨,建立了停车换乘枢纽规划布局方案以及交通设计方案的换乘效率综合评价指标体系,根据AHP法和DEA方法两种数学方法提出了城市停车换乘枢纽的评价方法,对轨道交通与小汽车换乘协调进行了综合评价。In the paper the problem of the Park-and-Ride services of urban comprehensive passenger transportation system is made a systematic study. According to the fact of our country, analyses the following concrete problems including feasibility, choosing probability of park and ride, demand forecasting of park and ride, the layout of Park-and-Ride facilities and evaluation method of transfer effectiveness are studied in a deep-going way. On the basis of analyzing the traffic problem in the city center, put forward the necessity of implementing Park-and-ride. Analyzing around rail transit developing and planning condition and combining the advantages of rail transit and its position in the city transport traveling, it is pointed out that taking rational rail transit as the transfer object is rational. With the foreign citiessuccessful examples about Park-and-Ride and combining the actual condition in our cities, it is inquired into that Park-and-Ride is adapted to cities in our country. In addition, a main theory frame of the research is built up. Analyzing various kinds of Park-and-ride influencing factors, the rational area of transfering passenger flow generation is delineated. With the basic principle of logit model, Park-and-Ride selecting model is set up, and simultaneously, a method of the model and its steps are supplied. Finally, the application of the model is inquired into in Park-and-Ride demand predicting. Building on principle for selecting Park-and-Ride station and analyzing the influencing factors in layout location, a general location planning model (MO -MCDDP) is founded. Afterward, a GIS-based study on the optimum location is carried on addressing the concern of siting park-and-ride facilities as close to transfer demand as possible. Additionally, the scale of station facilities is analyzed to provide a basis for the park construction.At last, it is applied to Park-and-Ride layout location in Beijing as an example. Last but not least, by means of the study on setting up principle, choosing method, formulation, etc. of evaluation indices system, the comprehensive evaluation index system of planning and layout scheme and transfer efficiency of traffic design scheme is constituted. In accordance with two mathematical methods in appraisement including AHP method and DEA method, the evaluation method of urban Park-and-Ride service is expounded.城市公共交通换乘系统研究Study on the Change System of Urban Public Passenger Transport论文作者 陈琛论文导师 邓卫,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 交通运输规划与管理论文单位 东南大学,点击次数 17,论文页数 71页File Size1503k2004-03-01论文网 /lunwen_414381612/ 公共交通系统; 交通枢纽; 交通换乘; 非集聚模型; 网络优化; 数学评价模型Public Transport System; City Passenger Termainal; Transfer System; Disaggregate Model; Optimal Network; Mathematical Evaluative Model论文首先阐述了城市交通面临的问题,提出优先发展公共交通的基本方针。而换乘系统是城市客运交通系统的重要组成部分,是公共交通优先的保证,也是城市客运交通整体化的关键,对城市结构的完善、土地使用的合理化有着重要的意义。论文从分析公共交通换乘体系的构架入手,进行系统网络的分解,对国内外公共交通换乘现状及研究状况进行分析,指出解决公共交通换乘问题刻不容缓,要形成合理的交通结构,必须综合考虑各方面的因素。论文采用效用最大化理论推导换乘客流非集聚预测模型,并在选择合理的选择肢集合的基础上,建立枢纽换乘衔接客流量的MNL模型。并通过大量实例,探讨枢纽内各种交通方式之间的换乘衔接模式,以及枢纽内轨道交通的站台设计、轨道交通与常规公交接驳行车路线的安排。结合换乘枢纽对交通网络的反作用,侧重研究公交线路的设置,提出交通枢纽与网络设计同时优化的问题。最后,建立换乘系统评价指标体系,进行指标的规范化处理及权重系数的确定。运用本文的相关理论和方法,介绍广州市番禺中心城区交通规划相关的实例At first, there are many serious problem that city transport faces. It is proposed that the city public transport priority is the basic guideline to resolve these problems. City passenger terminal is the important composition of the passenger transport system and is the guarantee of the city transport priority, the key to the integration, which is significant for the perfection of the city structure and rationalization of land use.The research starts analyzing the frame of the change system of urban public passenger transport, decomposing the system network, and analyzing its domestic and foreign research . The paper Points out it is great urgent to solve the public transportation contradiction and forming the rational transportation structure must be well synthesized by many aspects. The paper deduces the model of transfer passenger stream by the Max Use theory. And with logically choosing limb aggregate, the paper establishes the MNL model of transfer passenger stream rate. The paper raise lots of examples to elaborating the transportation join pattern among the traffic modes in the terminal, the platform design of rail transportation in the hub, the joining routine layout between urban rail transportation and normal bus. Because the installing of terminals will influence the planning of the traffic network, it discuss how to set up the bus line, and present the method of optimizing simultaneously the transport pivot site and network design. At last, the paper brings forward the evaluating index system and comprehensive evaluating method of hub planning patterns.城市公共交通系统发展问题研究Study on Urban Public Transportation Development Problem论文作者 马荣国论文导师 严宝杰,论文学位 博士,论文专业 交通运输规划与管理论文单位 长安大学,点击次数 34,论文页数 151页File Size9212k2003-05-01论文网 /lunwen_595776697/ 城市公共交通系统发展问题,经济特性,公交优先,系统组织,系统可持续发展,系统工程,公交专用车道,公交专用入口引道Urban public transportation system development problem,Economic characteristic,Bus priority,System organization,System sustainable development,System engineering,Bus lane,Approach of intersection bus lane城市公共交通自17世纪出现以来，已逐步成为城市交通乃至整个城市系统中不可或缺的主要部分，它是保证城市各部门正常运转的动脉，而且对城市经济、文化事业的发展起着积极的推动作用。但从国内城市现状看，公共交通系统的发展还存在不少问题，带着问题我们对城市公共交通系统的发展问题进行了详细的研究。 本文在分析大量国内外关于城市公共交通方面研究成果的基础上，结合我们对西安城市公共交通做的许多实际工作，依据系统工程的基本思想，运用系统分析、系统设计和系统决策的技术方法，配合经济学、数学、运筹学等基础科学的理论和方法，对城市公共交通系统发展所涉及的问题进行了逐一剖析，取得了良好的研究成果，能真正指导实际生产。 首先我们从公共交通的起源以及其发展与城市发展的关系入手，找出了中国城市公共交通与国外城市的差距，在此基础上，提出了适合我国城市特征的城市公共交通发展理论框架。其次，关于城市公共交通系统经济特性方面，我们通过对公共交通运营票价的分析研究，明确了城市公共交通供需平衡关系，并从城市土地利用方面找出了公共交通带动城市经济发展的模式；关于公交优先，我们从政策、技术、意识等方面找出了实际落实的措施方法，尤其对公交专用车道、交叉口公交专用入口引道等具体内容作了详细研究，提出了相应的设置方法；关于城市公共交通系统组织方面，我们就系统组织优化措施、系统组织衔接关系以及公共交通换乘等内容进行了详细研究，找出了组织优化系统的理论新方法。最后，我们从系统科学方面的内容着手，找出了实现城市公共交通系统可持续发展的方法和措施。上述研究内容主要以西安为例进行实例分析和相应的效果评价，并以分散形式穿插于各章之中。Since 17th century its appearance, urban public transportation has been become a main part of urban transportation so much as whole urban system gradually. It is important for the normally operation of other city departments. It can exert active function to promote the development of urban economy and civilization. However, at present in the internal city, there are a lot of problems in the development of public transportation system. According to these problems, some development problems of urban public transportation are investigated in detail.Some problems with regard to the development of urban public transportation are taken apart seriatim in the base of many internal and international research productions analysis, combining some actual employments in Xian urban public transportation, according to the basic idea of system engineering, using system analysis, system design and system decision-making technical method, cooperating theories and methods of some basic subjects such as economics, mathematics and operational research. Favorable research productions are acquired and it can coach practice production.In this paper, the difference between urban public transportation in China and other country is found by anglicizing origin of public transportation, relation between it and urban development is put forward consequently, on the aspect of economy characteristic of urban public transportation system, this paper explicit the equilibrium relation to between supply and demand in urban public transportation, a model to urban economy development driven by public transportation from land use on the aspect of bus priority also is formed. In this paper a new method is posed, which could be used in practice from policy technique and consciousness. In addition by studying bus lane, approach of intersection bus lane, this paper puts forward corresponding method of layout on the aspect of organization of urban public transportation system. According to studying the measure to system organization optimization the relation to system organization connection and bus transfer, a new theory and method to organization optimization are formed. At last, setting about the content of system science. Method and measure are found out to realize the sustainable development of urban public transportation. In addition, the condition of urban public transportation in Xian is quoted to analysis and evaluates the content of the paper.可持续发展的城市公共交通模式研究The Study on the Sustainable Urban Transportation Mode论文作者 论文导师 宋锦洲,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 公共管理论文单位 华东师范大学,点击次数 52,论文页数 70页File Size4134K2007-10-01论文网 /lunwen_324022327/ urban public transport; public transport mode; sustainable development城市公共交通是城市的基础性和先导性行业，是城市发展规划和城市增长的基本要素，是城市人流、物流的载体，是城市经济活动的命脉，是维系一个城市社会、经济、文化等各行业良性循环的重要保证。城市经济社会活动要求城市交通体系能够安全、快捷、方便、舒适、经济地满足城市人流、物流的需求，现代城市的商品生产、流通、消费，居民出行，信息载体传递与交流都离不开城市交通体系，城市的一切经济社会活动都必须有现代城市交通体系予以支持和保障。因此，城市交通体系的良性循环不仅对实现城市功能，促进城市经济和社会的发展发挥着重要作用，而且是从根本上改善人居环境质量，有利于可持续发展的重要战略问题。 近年来，上海的机动车迅速增长，越来越多的轿车进入家庭给上海交通造成了前所未有的冲击。尽管公共管理部门作出了最大努力，局部道路拓展的结果导致更多的车流和堵塞，过低的车速又导致更多的尾气污染，如何治理上海交通成为广泛关注的热点和政府施政的难点。因此，迫切需要改革现有交通形式，发展立体交通以改善城市交通状况。 但是，城市交通规划是一项整体工程，必须考虑到城市可持续发展的要求。用可持续发展的眼光来审视城市公交体系，会发现它不仅是一个如何达到高效、便捷、安全地输送人流、物流的问题，还是一个从根本上改善人居环境质量，协调好城市系统与自然系统关系，实现城市人口、资源、环境“三位一体”可持续发展的问题。 本文从公共管理的角度，首先概述了可持续发展的城市公共交通模式，然后借鉴了北京、沈阳、东京、柏林等国内外大城市的公共交通模式，并进行分析，得出对我国公共交通管理的启示。随后通过对几位在公共交通领域工作的专业人员或者研究公共交通问题的学者的访谈，对上海市城市公共交通模式以及公共交通模式面临的问题进行较为系统全面的分析，在此基础上从公共管理的角度进一步探讨可持续发展的城市公共交通模式的方案。文章最后提出，在上海城市总体发展、人口布局调整、轨道交通快速发展的新背景下，常规的、服务功能单一的地面公交模式已经不适应国际化大都市快速发展的要求。应坚持以发展公共交通为基础，轨道交通为骨干，建立快速公交网络，形成多种公共交通方式协调发展的综合交通体系。能够满足不同出行距离、不同出行需求的多元化、多层次的公共交通新模式是保持公交竞争力，实现大都市公交优先策略的有效保障。Urban public transport is the basis of the city and leading industries, urban development and urban growth is now zoned the basic elements of citys human, material, information flow vector and urban economic activity. It is the lifeblood of a city to maintain social, economic, culture and other important industries. The requirements of economic and social activities for urban traffic system will be safe, fast, convenient, comfortable and economical way to meet urban passenger flow, logistics, information flow needs, modern city of commodity production, circulation and consumption, residents travel, information transfer and exchange carrier. Citys economic and social activities must have modern urban transportation systems support and protection. So, as an important role, urban transport system need achieve a virtuous circle of the functions of cities; promote urban economic and social development. City traffic is not only the convenience how to achieve high efficiency and enhance passenger and cargo flows, but also a fundamental improvement of the quality of living environment. It is important strategic for the sustainable development. In recent years, Shanghais rapid growth of m