新视野大学英语第三版第一册Unit 8 Section A.ppt

1 Gendervariablesinfriendship Contradictionornot Unit8SectionA 1 8 UNIT Inprosperityourfriendsknowus inadversityweknowourfriends JohnChurtonCollins Afriendisoneofthenicestthingsyoucanhave andoneofthebestthingsyoucanbe DouglasPagels SectionA 1 Gendervariablesinfriendship Contradictionornot Tolearnphrasesandpatternsfromthetext Objectives Totalkaboutgenderdifferencesinfriendships Tounderstandthetext sstructureandmainidea Tomastercontrastparagraphwritingskill Friendshipacrossgenderandborder Contents Warming up Textstudy Languageapplication Summary Warming up Lead in Pre readingactivities Culturalbackground 1 Howdoyouunderstandfriendship Tips Afriendinneedisafriendindeed Dedication loyaltyandsecurity Emotionalandrationalprocess Morehappinessandlesssorrow Shortanswerquestions Tips MenarefromMars womenarefromVenus Intimate caring understanding Sensitivetoone sfeelings Reluctanttoexpressone struefeelings Bemorerestrainedwithemotionalexpressions 2 Haveyouevernoticedanygenderdifferencesinyourfriendshipwithothers Shortanswerquestions Dothefollowingquestionnaireonfriendshipandthenworkingroupsanddiscusshowdifferentlyyoutreatmaleandfemalefriends Questionnaire 1 Whatkindoffriendsdoyouprefertohave A Someonewhocansharemyjoyandsadness B Someonewhocansharemysecrets C Someonewhocansharemylifeattitude D SomeonewhomIcanturntowheneverIhaveproblems Questionnaire 2 Doyouhavemorefriendsofthesamegenderthanoftheoppositegender A Yes farmore B Yes butjustalittlemore C No approximatelythesamenumber D No Ihavemorefriendsoftheoppositegender Questionnaire 3 Doyoufinditeasytoshareyourfeelingswithfriendsofthesamegenderortheoppositegender A Withfriendsofthesamegender B Withfriendsoftheoppositegender C Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo D Itdepends Questionnaire 4 Whatwouldyoudoifafriendoftheoppositegenderhadapersonalproblem A I drathernotinterferewithhis herprivacy B I dtalkwithhim herandsharehis herfeelings C I donlyoffersuggestionsandlethim hermakehis herowndecision D I dliketohelphim hermakeadecision Questionnaire 5 Whatdoyouthinkarethedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemalefriends A Malefriendsenjoydoingactivitiestogetherinsteadofsharingfeelings B Femalefriendsaremuchcloserandmoreemotionallyattached C Thereishardlyanydifference aslongasitistruefriendship D Itdependsonthepersonalityofthefriend notthegender Questionnaire OnfriendshipEveryoneneedsfriendship Noonecansailtheoceanoflifesingle handed Weneedhelpfrom andalsogivehelpto others Inthemodernage people moreimportancetorelationsandconnections Amanofcharismahasmanyfriends Hispowerliesinhisabilitytogive Listentoashortpassageaboutfriendshipandfillinthemissinginformation attach Compounddictation Theterm friend awiderangeofmeanings Itcanbeanoddingacquaintance acomrade aconfidant apartner aplaymate abrother an etc Aslifeisfullofstrifeand weneedfriendstosupportandhelpusoutofdifficulties covers Compounddictation intimate conflict Listentoashortpassageaboutfriendshipandfillinthemissinginformation Ourfriendsgiveus againstdanger Truefriendssharenotonlyjoybut moreoftenthannot theyshare Withfriendship lifeishappyand Withoutfriendship lifeishostileandunfortunate warnings Compounddictation sorrow harmonious Listentoashortpassageaboutfriendshipandfillinthemissinginformation Ihavefriendsintherankandfile Somearerichandinpower Somearelowand Somearelikemyself workingasateacher readingandwritingandcontentwiththesimplelifewehave Tomanyofmyfriends Iknowwhatto whattotolerateandwhattoshare common Compounddictation treasure Listentoashortpassageaboutfriendshipandfillinthemissinginformation Iwillneverforgetmyoldfriendsandkeepmakingnewfriends Iwillnotbecoldand tothepoorfriendsandwillshowconcernforthem evenifitisonlyacomfortingword indifferent Compounddictation Listentoashortpassageaboutfriendshipandfillinthemissinginformation Questionspreviewing 1 Howdoyouunderstandthesentence MenarefromMars womenarefromVenus 2 DoyouknowJohnGrayandhisbookMenArefromMars WomenArefromVenus MenArefromMars WomenArefromVenus Tips Tips Tips 1 Howdoyouunderstandthesentence MenarefromMars womenarefromVenus Genderdifference Respectandappreciatethedifferences Practicalcommunicationtechniques MenArefromMars WomenArefromVenus Tips 2 DoyouknowJohnGrayandhisbookMenArefromMars WomenArefromVenus Americanrelationshipcounselor lecturerandauthor Oneofthebest sellingself helpbooksofalltime Apracticalguidetosolveproblemsinrelationshipsbasedonthedifferenttendenciesineachgender MenArefromMars WomenArefromVenus Mainidea structure Languagefocus Criticalthinking Textstudy The memoriestheauthorhasoffemalefriendsare and Incomparison memoriesofmalefriendsarean or movie Para 1 movie open intimate Mainideasoftheparts action adventure PartI Para 1 words actions Theauthorintroducesthetopicbycontrastinghismemoriesoffemaleandmalefriendsincinematicterms Henoticedthatingeneralhisfemalefriendslovetosharefeelingsthrough whereashismalefriendstendtoexpresstheirfeelingsthrough Mainideasoftheparts WhentheauthordidleaveforAmerica heandhisfriendDonald atthetrainstationreadyto Theydidn tknowwhattosay theycouldn t eachotherthistime Theyjust asthetrain Para 3 stoodrigid sayfarewell save criedsilently pulledaway Mainideasoftheparts Tips Mainideasoftheparts Farfromshore Detectashark Splashtowardtheshore Fallbacktoprotecther Spontaneouslysay Iloveyou WhathappenedwhentheauthorandhisfriendJessicawereswimmingatabeachintheAtlantic Para 4 PartII Paras 2 4 Usingtwoexamples theauthorvividlyillustrateshowdifferentlyhecommunicateswithhismalefriendandhisfemalefriend Mainideasoftheparts Withwomen Icouldbe and Withmalefriends itseemedimpossibletoexpress nomatterhow thefriendshipwas Para 5 open emotionallyhonest transparent caringfeelings deep Mainideasoftheparts Tips Whatdoesresearchshowthatgivestheauthorgreatrelief Para 6 Mainideasoftheparts Differentemotionalandrationalprocesses Differentgenetictendencies Tendtobemorestrainedwith Meansofexpressiondiffer PartIII Paras 5 6 Accordingtoexperts menandwomenhavedifferentemotionalandrationalprocessesbecauseofthegenetictendenciestheyarebornwith Thisexplainsthegenderdifferencesinourcommunicationstyles Mainideasoftheparts Usinghispersonalexperiences theauthorvividlyillustrateshowhiscommunicationstylesaredifferentwithhismalefriendsandfemalefriends Mainideaofthetext Thereasonforthis accordingtoexperts isthatmenandwomenhavedifferentemotionalandrationalprocesses Mentendtobereservedwhilewomentendtobemoreopen Soitisperfectlynormalforonetotreathis hermalefriendsandfemalefriendsinentirelydifferentways Mainideaofthetext Myfemalefriendsareopenandclose Weareattractedtoeachotherandliketoshareourfeelings Para 1 MymalefriendsandIdoadventurousthingstogetherinsteadofchattingandsharingfeelingswitheachother Para 1 Introduction The movie memoriesIhaveofmyfemalefriendsandmalefriendsarecompletelydifferent Structureofthetext DonaldandIneverexpressedourdeepfeelingsforeachother notevenonthedayIhadtoleaveforAmerica Paras 2 3 Jessicaspontaneouslysaid Iloveyou andIsaiditbacktoherafterIsavedherfromanillusionarysharkattack Para 4 Introduction Examples Structureofthetext Mycommunicationstylesaregender basedandIwasdeterminedtofindoutthereason Para 5 Explanation Menandwomenhavedifferentemotionalandrationalprocesses Mentendtobereservedwhilewomentendtobemoreopen Para 6 Conclusion genderdifferencesinmycommunicationstylesandtheexplanation Structureofthetext Introduction Examples Introduction Examples Conclusion Structureofthetext Gendervariablesinfriendship Contradictionornot The memoriesIhaveoffemalefriendsareopenandintimate Incomparison memoriesofmalefriendsareinanentirelydifferentfilmaltogether movie Summaryofthetext Myearliestchildhoodfriend DonaldandIusedto fly toAmericainanoldabandonedGermantruck Wepretendedtherewasanenginefailureand eachotherfromcertaindeathhundredsoftimes Butnotonewordofourevidentfeelingsforeachotherwasever Itwasalldonein saved uttered actions Summaryofthetext Arecentoccurrencemademereexamineand mybehaviorinanewlight Oneofmybestfriends Jessica andIwereswimmingatabeachintheAtlanticwhenweboththoughtwe ashark Inmypanic I tosaveher Afterwegotbackonthebeach she said Iloveyou andIreplied Loveyoutoo interpret detected fellback Summaryofthetext spontaneously Thegreatdifferenceinmy stylescanbejustifiedaccordingtoaresearch Itseemsthatmenandwomenhaveverydifferent andrationalprocesses Wearebornwithverydifferent tendencieswhichsocietyencouragesaseither masculine or feminine Soitisperfectlynormalforonetotreathis hermalefriendsandfemalefriendsinentirelydifferentways communication emotional genetic Summaryofthetext Practicalphrases 对 敏感 failtodo besensitiveto informationtechnology Inthishighlyglobalizedworld failuretobesensitivetonewinformationtechnologywillleadtolossofgoldenopportunityforanation sdevelopment besensitiveto 短语逆译 短语应用 在当今高度全球化的世界中 对新兴信息技术不敏感将会导致一个国家错失发展良机 意群提示 Practicalphrases 补偿 弥补 universaltruth makeupfor It sauniversaltruththatdiligencecanmakeupforone sintelligence makeupfor 短语逆译 短语应用 勤能补拙是普遍真理 意群提示 Practicalphrases 驶离 开走 seesb off wavesb goodbye pullaway Atypicalsceneofseeingpeopleoffislikethis peoplearewavingeachothergoodbyewithtearsintheireyeswhilethetrainslowlypullsaway pullaway 短语逆译 短语应用 送别的一个典型场景是 随着火车缓缓开动 人们眼中含着热泪相互挥手告别 意群提示 Practicalphrases 以 角度 becreative inadifferentlight Tobecreative weshouldlearntoseethingsinadifferentlight ina light 短语逆译 短语应用 要想具有创造力 我们应当学会从不同的角度看待事物 意群提示 Practicalphrases 被证明是 double edgedsword Angerisoneofthosethingsthattrulyprovetobeadouble edgedsword provetobe 短语逆译 短语应用 愤怒属于真正被证明为双刃剑的事物之一 意群提示 Practicalphrases 下定决心做 achieve adeterminedheart Thereisnothingthatcannotbeachievedwithadeterminedheart bedeterminedtodo 短语逆译 短语应用 有志者事竟成 意群提示 Practicalphrases 天生就有 makethemostof bebornwith Successfulpeoplearethosewhomanagetomakethemostofthequalitiestheyarebornwith 短语逆译 短语应用 成功人士能够将自己与生俱有的品质发挥到极致 意群提示 bebornwith Practicalphrases Functionalpatterns 我对女性朋友的 电影式 记忆是开放的 亲密无间的 相比较而言 我对男性朋友的记忆是完全不同的一部影片 原句译文 逆译练习 ThemoviememoriesIhaveoffemalefriendsareopenandintimate Incomparison memoriesofmalefriendsareinanentirelydifferentfilmaltogether 句型提炼 Functionalpatterns Statementofonething Incomparison sth elseis inan entirelydifferent filmaltogether 句型提炼 应用提示 用于比较 两个完全不同的事物 句型应用 Functionalpatterns complainabout incomparison positiveenergy 典型例句 一些人总是抱怨生活艰辛 工作压力大 与之相比 有些人却完全不同 他们充满了正能量 总是乐观对待人生 意群提示 Somepeoplearealwayscomplainingaboutthehardshipsoflifeandthepressurefromwork Incomparison thereareotherswhoareentirelydifferent Theyarefullofpositiveenergyandarealwaysoptimisticaboutlife Functionalpatterns 最近发生的一件事让我从新的角度重新审视和解释我的行为 原句译文 逆译练习 Arecentoccurrencemademereexamineandinterpretmybehaviorinanewlight 句型提炼 Functionalpatterns Arecentoccurrence accident etc madeonereexamine rethink reflectonsth inanewlight 句型提炼 应用提示 用于表达 对事物的新的审视 思索和认识 句型应用 Functionalpatterns PrismGatescandal EdwardSnowden debateandreflecton nationalsecurity personalprivacy 典型例句 最近被爱德华 斯诺登揭露的棱镜门事件使全世界人民对国家安全与个人隐私保护问题进行了辩论以及反思 意群提示 TherecentPrismGatescandaldisclosedbyEdwardSnowdenhasmadepeopleallovertheworlddebateandreflectontheissueofnationalsecurityversusprotectionofpersonalprivacy Functionalpatterns 和女性朋友在一起 我可以是开放的 真情流露的 直截了当的 但和男性朋友在一起时 不管我们之间的友情多深 我似乎都无法表达对对方的关爱之情 原句译文 逆译练习 Withwomen Icouldbeopen emotionallyhonest andtransparent Withmalefriends itseemedimpossibletoexpresscaringfeelingsnomatterhowdeepthefriendshipwas 句型提炼 Functionalpatterns Withsb onebe do Withsb else itseemedimpossibletobe do onebe do 句型提炼 应用提示 用于表达 某人对待不同人或事物的截然不同的态度或做法 句型应用 Functionalpatterns gentleasthewarmspring cruelasthefreezingwinter 典型例句 对待同志要像春天般的温暖 对待敌人要像严冬一样残酷无情 意群提示 Withcomrades weshouldbegentleasthewarmspring Withenemies weshouldbecruelasthefreezingwinter Functionalpatterns Languageappreciation Languageappreciation Languageappreciation Howdoyouchooseafriend Whatqualitiesshouldyourfriendshave Cantheoldergenerationbetruefriendswiththeyoungergeneration Why Whatdoyouthinkcausethedifferencesinbehaviorandcommunicationstylesbetweenmenandwomen Themeexploration Tips Tips Tips Iusuallydon tpickafriend Theycometome Inthebeginning theymayjustbemyschoolmatesorcolleagues However oncewediscoverthatwesharesomevaluesorbeliefs webecomefriends Ivaluemeritssuchashonesty truthfulness generosity humor faithfulness andmostimportantofall willingnesstohelpothers AndIexpectmyfriendstohavesomeofthesevirtues ifnotall Howdoyouchooseafriend Whatqualitiesshouldyourfriendshave Tips Themeexploration 2 Cantheoldergenerationbetruefriendswiththeyoungergeneration Why Tips Version1 Itishardforpeopleofdifferentgenerationstobecometruefriends Whiletheymaysharesomehobbiesorinterests theyoftendon thavemuchforconversationduetodifferentbackgroundsandlifeexperience Themeexploration Tips Theotherproblemisthattheydon thavethesamecircleoffriendsorpeers Mostimportantofall theymaynotsharethesamevaluesandtheirlifeoutlooksmaybedifferent Therefore truefriendsarerarebetweengenerationswithbigagegap Themeexploration 2 Cantheoldergenerationbetruefriendswiththeyoungergeneration Why Tips Version2 Yes therecanbetruefriendsaslongastheoldergenerationandtheyoungergenerationtrytheirbesttounderstandeachother Forexample Iaminmy20sbuthavemadesomegoodfriendswithpeopleintheir50sor60s Theseolderfriendstrytheirbesttoputthemselvesintheshoesoftheyoungerpeople andtheyaremoretolerantandconsiderate Themeexploration 2 Cantheoldergenerationbetruefriendswiththeyoungergeneration Why 2 Cantheoldergenerationbetruefriendswiththeyoungergeneration Why Tips Forme Irespectthemastheyhavemuchmoreexperienceandadvicetooffer I malsohappytoprovidemyseniorfriendswithnovelideas Theyappreciatethat That showourfriendshipstrengthens Themeexploration Menandwomendifferalotintheirbehaviorandcommunicationstyles Whiletheirphysicalandmentaldifferencesplayabasicrole thereareotherfactorswhichcancausesuchdifferences 3 Whatdoyouthinkcausethedifferencesinbehaviorandcommunicationstylesbetweenmenandwomen Tips Themeexploration Thefollowingaresomeexamples Theyhavedifferentexpectationsfromsociety Theyhavedifferentsocialimagesandroles Theysharedifferentvaluesoflife Theyhavedifferentemotionalandrationalprocesses Tips Themeexploration 3 Whatdoyouthinkcausethedifferencesinbehaviorandcommunicationstylesbetweenmenandwomen Tips HaveyouevernoticedanyculturaldifferencesinfriendshipsoftheChineseandoftheWesterners TheChineseexpectfriendshipstobemorelasting Chinesearefriendseveniftheyhaven tspokenfor20years Ifyousharedsomethingatonetime thenallyourlifeyouarefriends Cultureexploration Tips InNorthAmerica eventherelationshipinwhichpeoplefeelcloseandtelleachotherpersonalproblemsmaynotsurvivelifechangessuchasmovingtoanothercity graduationfromauniversityormarriage Ifthepeopledonotseeeachotherregularlytherelationshipislikelytodie Cultureexploration HaveyouevernoticedanyculturaldifferencesinfriendshipsoftheChineseandoftheWesterners Tips TheWesternersexpectfriendstobeindependent Thefriendshipofthewesternersismostlyamatterofprovidingemotionalsupportandspendingtimestogether sotheydon tfeelcomfortableinarelationshipinwhichonepersonisgivingmoreandtheotherisdependentonwhatisgiving Cultureexploration HaveyouevernoticedanyculturaldifferencesinfriendshipsoftheChineseandoftheWesterners Tips Chinesegiveeachothermoreconcretehelp AChinesewillusepersonalconnectionstohelpafriendgetsomethinghardtoobtain Theygiveeachothermoneyandmighthelpeachotheroutfinanciallyoveralongtime Cultureexploration HaveyouevernoticedanyculturaldifferencesinfriendshipsoftheChineseandoftheWesterners Whatisaforeverfriendlikeaccordingtothepoem Listening discussing Listentoapoemonfriendshipanddiscussthefollowingquestion Tips Whatisaforeverfriendlikeaccordingtothepoem Afriendwalksinwhentherestoftheworldwalksout Aforeverfriendissomeonewhochangesyourlifejustbybeingpartofit someonewhomakesyoulaughuntilyoucan tstop someonewhomakesyoubelievethattherereallyisgoodintheworld Listening discussing Tips Someonewhoconvincesyouthattherereallyisanunlockeddoorjustwaitingforyoutoopenit someonewholiftsyouupinspiritsandmakesthedarkandemptyworldsuddenlyseembrightandfull someonewhogetsyouthroughthehardtimes thesadtimes andtheconfusedtimes Listening discussing Whatisaforeverfriendlikeaccordingtothepoem Languageapplication Writingdevices Essaywriting Paragraphtranslation InvertedstructureInordertolayemphasisonsomething peopleoftenuseaninvertedstructure Oneofthetypicalinvertedstructuresbeginswithanegativeexpressionsuchasno not seldom hardly never nowhere nothing notuntil rarely only atnotime innoway notonly etc Sentencewriting ExampleIcouldeasilyutter Iloveyou tomymother mysistersandgirlfriends yet notonceinmylifehadIbeenabletolookamalefriendintheeyeandsaythesamething Sentencewriting Appreciation Never neverandneveragainshallitbethatthisbeautifullandwillagainexperiencetheoppressionofonebyanotherandsuffertheindignityofbeingtheskunkoftheworld from NelsonMandela sInauguralAddress Sentencewriting 这片美丽的土地将永远 永远 永远不会再经历人对人的压迫 以及遭全球唾弃的屈辱 NotonlywasEinsteinaworldfamousscientist butalsoagoodviolinist Practice 1 爱因斯坦不仅是世界著名的科学家 也是一名优秀的小提琴家 2 吃得苦中苦 方为人上人 Versionone Hardlycanonebecomethebestofthebestwithoutsufferingthebitterestofthebitterest Versiontwo Nocross nocrown Sentencewriting Topicofcontrast Paragraphwriting Topicsentence Detailsofcontrast Example Genderdifferencesinfriendship Topic WhenIthinkofmygoodfriends Iseethemincinematicterms Thecameraworkisentirelydifferentformenandwomen Topicsentence Paragraphwriting Example The movie memoriesIhaveoffemalefriendsareopenandintimate Wearetalking interestedineachotherinamagneticsortofway Theylookstraightintomyeyes sensitivetomyfeelings listeningtomewithdeliberateattention Detail1 memoriesoffemalefriends Paragraphwriting Example Incomparison memoriesofmalefriendsareinanentirelydifferentfilmaltogether Anactionoradventuremovie Notmuchinthewayofdialog Theritualofmotion orthesequenceofaction makesupforthedeficiencyofdialogandhonestnarrative Detail2 memoriesofmalefriends Paragraphwriting Writingpractice Directions Takealookattheoutlinebelowandthesampleparagraphofcontrast Paragraphwriting Topic Acompactcarorabigcar Paragraphwriting Topicsentence Manyfamilieshavetochoosebetweenacompactcarandabigcar bothofwhichhaveadvantagesanddi