剑桥商务英语课文辅导1b communication.doc

学习重点 1 Speaking forms of communication 2 Reading Is your English too English 3 Leaving voice mails and Taking messages 4 Vocabulary consolidation 5 Self study exercises 6 Memo writing 7 Oral Practice 8 Homework I I Speaking Speaking KeepingKeeping inin touchtouch 1 frequency n 频率 2 formality n 正式程度 Discussion Which methods of communication do you like best Letters phone calls or e mails I like sending e mails They are quick inexpensive easy and efficient Also when I write my thoughts on the computer I can edit and organize them to ensure that I am communicating clearly However sometimes it takes a long time to receive the reply so I have to make a phone call PointsPoints underunder considerationconsideration forfor theirtheir advantagesadvantages andand disadvantagesdisadvantages price speed of communication user friendliness Time consuming II Reading IsIs YourYour EnglishEnglish TooToo English English Para 1Para 1 executive n 执行者 经理主管人员 corporate adj 公司的 dominancedominance noun uncountable the fact of being more powerful more important or more noticeable than other people or things 优势 统治 动词 dominate political economic cultural etc dominance 政治 经济 文化统治 the economic and political dominance of Western countries 西方国家在 经济和政治上的绝对优势 television s dominance over other media 电视在媒体中的统治地位 exceedexceed verb transitive formal 1 to be more than a particular number or amount 超越 胜过 Working hours must not exceed 42 hours a week 工作小时数不能超过 42 小时 His performance exceeded our expectations 他的表现超过了我们对他的期 待 2 to go beyond what rules or laws say you are allowed to do 超过 He was fined for exceeding the speed limit 由于超速 他被罚款 Explanation Explanation communicatingcommunicating internationallyinternationally Para Para 2 2 bilingual adj 能说两种语言的 consistentconsistent adjective 反义词 inconsistent 1 always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes standards etc usually used to show approval 连续的 持续的 consistent in We need to be consistent in our approach 我们必须在方法上保持连贯 a consistent improvement in the country s economy 该国经济持续改善 consistentlyconsistently adverb consistently high performance overestimateoverestimate verb transitive 1 to think something is better more important etc than it really is 过高评价 反义词 underestimate He tends to overestimate his own abilities 他总是想过高地评价自己的 能力 2 to guess an amount or value that is too high 过高地估算 Most patients overestimated how long they had had to wait to see a doctor 许多病人都过高地估计了需要等待看医生看病的时间 estimateestimate noun countable 1 a calculation of the value size amount etc of something 计算 a rough estimate not an exact calculation of how much time we ll need 粗略的估算我们需要的时间 The figure will only be about two million less than half the original estimate 这个数值只有 2 百万左右 比原先的计算少一半还要多 2 a statement of how much it will probably cost to build or repair something 修理 建设估价表 The garage said they d send me an estimate for the work 汽车修理行说 他们会给我寄来一份修车估价表 assumeassume verb transitive 1 to think that something is true although you do not have definite proof 估计 I didn t see your car so I assumed you d gone out 我没有看见你的车 所以我估计你已经走了 it is seems reasonable to assume that I think we can safely assume it is almost certain that interest rates will go up again soon 我认为我们可以非常放心地预计利率会很快上 调 2 assumeassume control responsibilitycontrol responsibility etc 实施控制 承担责任 formal to start to have control responsibility etc or to start in a particular position or job Whoever they appoint will assume responsibility for all financial matters 不管他们谁被任命 他们都会继续承担所有财政上的责任 Jim Paton will assume the role of managing director 将会担任总经理 一职 3 to be based on the idea that something else is correct 假设 The theory assumes that both labour and capital are mobile 这个理论 假设劳动力和资金可以移动 ExplanationExplanation AssumingAssuming tootoo muchmuch Para 3Para 3 adaptadapt verb 1 intransitive and transitive to gradually change your behaviour and attitudes in order to be successful in a new situation 使适应 使 适合 The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school 孩子们觉 得适应新学校很困难 adapt yourself itself etc to something How do these insects adapt themselves to new environments 这些昆虫是 怎样适应新环境的 2 transitive to change something to make it suitable for a different purpose 调整 adapt something to do something The car has been adapted to take unleaded gas 这辆车被改装成一辆可以 加装无铅汽油的车辆 adapt something for somebody These teaching materials can be adapted for older children 这些教学 资料可以改编后让大一些的孩子们使用 3 transitive usually passive if a book or play is adapted for film television etc it is changed so that it can be made into a film television programme etc 改编 be adapted for something Many children buy books after they have been adapted for television 这本书改编成电视剧之后有很多儿童纷纷购买此书 simplifysimplify verb transitive to make something easier or less complicated 让 更简单 an attempt to simplify the tax system 针对简化税收体系而做出的努力 The law needs to be simplified 法律应该更被简化 a simplified version of the game 一个简化版本的游戏 over over over complicateover complicate complicatecomplicate verb transitive 1 to make a problem or situation more difficult 让问题或情况更困难 The situation is complicated by the fact that I ve got to work late on Friday 我周五必须要工作到很晚这一事实让情况更为复杂 chunkchunk noun countable 1 a large thick piece of something that does not have an even shape 短而厚的一块 肉 木头等 ice chunks 冰块 a chunk of bread 一块面包 2 a large part or amount of something 一大部分 The rent takes a large chunk out of my monthly salary 租金花掉了我月 薪中的绝大部分 A huge chunk of the audience got up and left before the end of the show 绝大多数观众都在演出结束之前起身走了 ExplanationExplanation KeepingKeeping itit simplesimple Para Para 4 4 idiomatic adj 惯用的 合乎语言习惯的 getget downdown toto somethingsomething phrasalphrasal verbverb to start doing something that is difficult or needs a lot of time or energy 精心做事 It s time we got down to work 该是我们工作的时间了 get down to doing something I always find it hard to get down to revising 我总觉得修改起来很困难 understateunderstate verb transitive to describe something in a way that makes it seem less important or serious than it really is 有意轻描淡写 保守地说 反义词 overstate The press have tended to understate the extent of the problem 平面媒 体想轻描淡写地说明问题的波及面 insist on v 坚持 坚决要求 specificspecific adjective 1 only before noun a specific thing person or group is one particular thing person or group 某一具体的事情 人或团体 games suitable for specific age groups 专门适合某年龄组的游戏 2 detailed and exact 具体的 Mr Howarth gave us very specific instructions 给我们非常具体的指示 specific about Could you be more specific about what you re looking for 你能把你正 在找的东西说得更具体些吗 Explanation Explanation UnderstandingUnderstanding culturalcultural differencedifference Para Para 5 5 majoritymajority n 多数 大半 反义词 minority great vast overwhelming majority of something almost all of a group be in the majority a majority of 500 insensitiveinsensitive adjective 不敏感的 不注意的 insensitive to She s totally insensitive to Jack s feelings 她一定也不注意捷克的感觉 Companies that are insensitive to global changes will lose sales 那 些对国际变化不敏感的公司最终会丧失销售业绩 The service is insensitive to the needs of local people 这项服务对当 地人们的需求丝毫也不关注 insensitive to pain 对疼痛不敏感 relyrely verb relyrely on uponon upon somebody somethingsomebody something phrasalphrasal verbverb 依依赖赖 依靠 依靠 1 to trusttrust oror dependdepend onon someone or something to do what you need or expect them to do reliablereliable reliancereliance rely on somebody something to do something Many working women rely on relatives to help take care of their children 许多工作妇女依赖她们的亲戚帮助她们照看自己的小孩 rely on upon somebody something for Many people now rely on the Internet for news 许多人现在借用英特网来 浏览新闻 2 to dependdepend onon something in order to continue to live or exist 依赖借 以生存 For its income the company relies heavily on only a few contracts 这家公司的收入绝大程度上依赖仅有的几个合同 cross culturalcross cultural adjective only before noun belonging to or involving two or more different societies countries or cultures 跨文化的 cross cultural communication 跨文化交流 evaluationevaluation noun uncountable and countable a judgment about how good useful or successful something is 评价 评估 同义词 assessment We need to carry out a proper evaluation of the new system 我们需要 对这套新体系做出一个正确的评价 They took some samples of products for evaluation 他们取出一些产品的 样本作评估 evaluateevaluate verb transitive to judge how good useful or successful something is 同义词 assess You should be able to evaluate your own work 你应该能够评价自己的工 作 Explanation Explanation RaisingRaising awarenessawareness III III LeavingLeaving voicevoice mailsmails andand TakingTaking messagesmessages Listening Listening 1 1 B B send me a copy of your department s figuresfigures copycopy noun 1 countable something that is made to be exactly like another thing 复印件 She forwarded them a copy of her British passport 她将自己的英国护照 复印件交给了他们 2 countable one of many books magazines records etc that are all exactly the same 一份 一张 一本 a copy of the local newspaper 一份当地报纸 The hardback costs 16 99 a copy 这本精装书一本 16 99 英镑 The record sold a million copies 这盘磁带卖了 1 百万盘 Free copies are available on request 如果要求就可以得到免费的资料 2 2 G G tradetrade fairfair noun countable a large event when several companies show their goods or services in one place to try to sell them 博览会 同义词 trade show booth telephone booth stand complimentarycomplimentary adjective 1 given free to people 免费 赠送的 There was a complimentary bottle of champagne in the hotel room 在饭 店房间里有一瓶免费的香槟酒 I ve got some complimentary tickets for the theatre tonight 我得到了 今晚剧院的免费票 2 saying that you admire someone or something 赞扬的 夸奖的 complimentary remarks 奉承话 3 3 C C deadline by before until stress management time management prioritise tasks putput somethingsomething backback phrasalphrasal verbverb to arrange for an event to start at a later time or date 推迟 同义词 postpone put something back to The meeting has been put back to next Thursday 这次会议推迟到下周四 举行 workwork outout phrasalphrasal verbverb GET BETTER 带来好结果 有预期的结果 if a problem or complicated situation works out it gradually gets better or gets solved Things will work out you ll see 你会看到一切都会好的 EXERCISE to make your body fit and strong by doing exercises 锻炼身体 4 4 H H mobile phone client urgently proposal getget involvedinvolved to take part in an activity or event or be connected with it in some way be getbe get involvedinvolved inin More than 30 software firms were involved in the project 30 多家软件 公司参与了这个项目 I don t want to get involved in some lengthy argument about who is to blame 我不想被牵涉进这场旷日持久的关于到底是谁应该被指责的争论当中 5 5 E E optimistic pessimistic getget offoff 寄出 寄出 发发出出 SEND SOMETHING to send a letter or package by post I ll have to get this letter off by tonight 我必须要在今晚之前把信寄出去 I ll get the forms off to you today 我今天会把表格寄给你 LeavingLeaving answeringanswering machinemachine messagesmessages Hello person who is calling time day place purpose Analysis Analysis Call 1 and 2 are precise and call 4 and 5 are quite difficult Call 3 is intended to be in between CallCall 3 3 Call 3 is relatively concise However it is difficult for the use of socializing added in before Sue gets down to the message HowHow areare you you I I hopehope you reyou re notnot tootoo busy busy They may also find her use of phrasal verbs difficult workwork out out putput backback Sue also uses a rather British way of asking for postponement I I don tdon t suppose suppose couldcould we we It may be helpful for her to say when exactly she called and to give her number CallCall 4 4 Call 4 is longer and it is therefore difficult to retain the message One reason is that Colin includes unnecessary information e g I m traveling to a meeting with a client The purpose of the call comes rather late and the sentences are very long with more than one idea in each It may be more helpful to leave his number at the end rather than near the beginning of the message Once again it may be helpful to say exactly when he rang CallCall 5 5 Once again Call 5 is quite long Steve uses many of the features of British English mentioned in the article understanding e g a a littlelittle bitbit onon thethe optimisticoptimistic sideside get used with different meanings e g whichwhich I llI ll getget offoff toto youyou todaytoday and a generally idiomatic approach to language Again Colin could say when he called and give a telephone or extension number TakingTaking messagesmessages 1 trade fair 2 S126 25 3 3 4 Tuesday 23 23 November 5 Kati Gersel 听力基听力基础础知知识讲评识讲评 NamesNames 在我们对姓名做讲解之前 我们先来熟悉一下有关姓名的几组词汇 姓名 全名 full name 姓 family name surname last name 名 given name first name 6 the your message 7 cancelled 8 not available 9 27 November 10 confirm getget backback toto somebodysomebody phrasalphrasal verbverb 事后告知某人 to talk to someone or telephone them laterlater in order to answer a question or give them information I ll find out the prices and get back to you 我会找到价格并马上告知 你 availableavailable adjective 1 something that is available is able to be used or can easily be bought or found 可以 用的 可以得到的 Tickets are available from the box office 你可以从票房买到票 No figures are available for the number of goods sold 没有已销售商品 数量的数据 There are plenty of jobs available in the area 这个地方有很多就业机 会 2 not before noun someone who is available is not busy and has enough time to talk to you 有时间 Collins was not available for comment on Thursday night 克林斯不能在 周四晚上发表评论 availabilityavailability noun uncountable 姓名前的称呼姓名前的称呼 TitleTitle 在与人初次见面时 如果在非常正式的场合下是不应该直接称呼对方姓名 的 而应该称呼对方为某某先生 某某女士等等 所以这里就需要给大家介绍有 关在姓名前如何称呼对方 称呼一般有以下几种 Mr 这是专门称呼男士的 无论对方是已婚还是未婚 意思是 XX 先生 Mrs 是称呼已婚女士的 意思是 XX 太太 Miss 是称呼那些未婚女士的 意思是 XX 小姐 有时我们并不方便先去了解 一下对方的婚姻状况 所以我们就可以采用 Ms 这种称呼 意思是 XX 女士 Dr 是对某人学历上的认可 意思是某某博士 DatesDates British English 英国英语US English 美国英语 Spoken 表达 the twenty sixth of October twenty sixth October October twenty sixth October the twenty sixth Written 书写 文字形式 26 th October October 26 th 数字形式 26 10 01 文字形式 26 th October 数字形式 10 26 01 从上面可以看出 英国英语表达时间通常是日 月 年的结构 美国英语是先说 月份 然后是日期 最后是年份 这点请大家注意 说说明 明 1 在书写日期时 可以将表示序数词标志的 st nd rd 或者 th 省略掉 这里 也建议大家不要写出来 因为有很多人在书写时会将它们混淆 比如正确的 写法是 1 号 1st 21 号 21st 31 号 31st 2 号 2nd 22 号 22nd 3 号 3rd 那么 11 号 12 号和 13 号怎么写呢 有很多人自认为已经搞明白了 就自作主 张 大笔一挥写成是 11st 12nd和 13rd 了 其实 11 号11 th eleventh 12 号12th twelfth 13 号13th thirteenth 2 在阅读日期时 如果写成日月的顺序 英国英语的读法是读出定冠词 the 和介 词 of 来 但是在书写时一定要注意不要写出来 同样道理 如果写成是月日 的顺序的话 在口语表达时 要读出定冠词 the 来 但是书写时就没有了 IV IV VocabularyVocabulary ConsolidationConsolidation onon UnitUnit 1b1b page page 163 163 V Self study 1b 4 Prepositions 1 at the moment 2 in 地点 3 on the phone 4 at 时间 5 on 具体日期 6 at 宗教节日 7 on 电话号码 8 in 月份 9 at 时间 10 on 具体日期 小结 介介词词用法用法简简介介 SayingSaying whenwhen thingsthings happenedhappened 在表示时间时 我们有三个介词可以选择 in at 和 on 介介词词 inin 的用法 的用法 介词 in 用在年 月份 季节 一天中某个部分以及年代的前面 比如 in 1999 在 1999 年 in August 在八月份 in winter 在冬季 in the afternoon in the evening in the morning 在下午 在晚上 在早上 in the 1950s 在 50 年代 in the 21st century 在 21 世纪 介介词词 onon 的用法 的用法 介词 on 用在星期几 几号等具体的日期前 比如 on Thursday 在星期四 on 19 January 在 1 月 19 日 on Monday morning 请比较 in the morning on a cold night 请比较 at night 但是当星期几的前面有指示性的词比如 this next 和 last 来修饰时 就不用介 词 on 介介词词 atat 的用法 的用法 介词 at 用在点钟 宗教节日和一些固定的词组中 比如 at 5 30 p m 在下午 5 30 分 at Easter 在复活节 at the end of the war 在战争的末期 at the beginning of the term 在这学期开始 但是当宗教节日中带有 day 这个词时 前面的介词用 on at Christmas on Christmas Day at on the weekend 在周末 VI VI MemoMemo WritingWriting 参考答案 To Alice Hu Secretary From David Guan Manager Date 29 June 2001 Subject Arrangement for my holiday I m going on my annual holiday nextnext MondayMonday 2 2nd nd July July forfor threethree weeksweeks Please keep my mail until I return If something urgent occurs please report it directly to our Deputy Manager or contact me on 12345678903 mailmail noun uncountableuncountable 1 the letters and packages that are delivered to you 2 especially American English the system of collecting and delivering letters and packages British equivalent post 3 messages that are sent and received on a computer synonym email VII VII OralOral PracticePractice CareerCareer goalsgoals What are your career ambitions 参考答案 I would like to become a HR manager Then I can help the company I work for to seek best candidate and make them fulfill their ambitions I intend to be a receptionist to meet people and show the best side of our business I aim to be self employed My career ambition is to set up my own company which can offer high quality products or services Do you think people should take professional advice when planning their careers 参考答案 Yes Sometimes people cannot really identify where their strength and weakness lie Therefore it s better to get professional advice to map out career development plans Do you think business people need to be flexibleflexible when planning their careers 参考答案 Yes The business environment changes very rapidly The chances are that your original career plan may not be reasonable at times and you cannot stick to your targets Then in this case people have to be flexible to make better achievements Do you think it is necessary to have long term goals in your careers 参考答案 Yes I think long term goals can ensure that you will always have a long way away from it It will encourage you to be tenacious and resilient to realize the goals in the end tenacioustenacious adjective determined to do so