2011同等学力英语二卷班——翻译讲义(郭崇兴老师)整理.pdf

学苑中心培训系列教材内部资料 翻版必究 1 第五部分翻译 一 英译汉 1 Happiness like a deer in the forest dislikes undue attention and if you chase it it will run away 2 In addition each camp is composed of many groups pursuing their own narrowly perceived self interest without any overall vision 3 In less than a millionth of a second the vast computer of an internation airline can simultaneously accept 800 booking inquiries and search its 50 million memory units for appropriate replies 4 It would be interesting to know whether the cat adopted the human race or the human race domesticated the cat 5 Many of the conditions that result from population pressures overcrowding unemployment poverty hunger and illness lead to dissatisfaction 1 The consolidation of the crumbling walls and towers has been carried out in accordance with a program agreed with the Department of the Environment 2 Adoctor s obligation when he can no longer hold back the approach of death is to make the patient comfortable including easing his pain 3 I cannot honestly see that a system which would require us to compromise the morning after the election is really so morally inferior to a system which has already obliged us to compromise our policies two years before polling day 4 That country will continue to make new nerve gas weapons after the conclusion of a global treaty banning them takes effect according to a secret administration policy review 5 One lesson he learned was that the key to survival in emergency was making the best use of whatever you have at hand Never has there been a language quite like English Abold statement yet nevertheless true Consider a few statistics Today one out of every seven people in the world use English in some way More than half the world s books are written in English the majority of international telephone calls are made in English 60 of the world s radio programs are broadcast in English English is even the working language of international air travel For the first time in history a single language has become dominant across a wide range of human activity ranging from music film and fine arts to the fields of business diplomacy science and technology 学苑中心培训系列教材内部资料 翻版必究 2 No one knows what time itself is We cannot see it Wecannot touch it We cannot hear it We know it only by the way we mark its passing For all our success in measuring the tiniest parts of time time remains one of the great mysteries of the universe One way of thinking about time is to imagine a world without time There could be no movement because time and movement cannot be separated Aworld without time could exist only as long as there were no changes For time and change are linked When something changes you know time has passed Love is of three varieties unselfish mutual and ordinary or selfish Unselfish love is of the highest kind Here the one who loves seeks only the welfare of the beloved and does not care whether he suffers pains and hardships thereby The second kind of love is mutual love in which the one who loves desires not only the happiness of his beloved but has an eye to his own happiness also Selfish love is the lowest lt makes a man care only for his own happiness without having any regard for the feeling of the beloved Optimism and pessimism are both powerful forces and each of us must choose which we want to shape out outlook and our expectations There is enough good and bad in everyone s life ample sorrow and happiness sufficient joy and pain to find a rational basis for either optimism or pessimism We can choose to laugh or cry bless or curse lt s our decision From which perspective do we want to view life Will we look up in hope or down in despair I believe in the upward look I choose to highlight the positive and slip right over the negative I am an optimist by choice as much as by nature Youth is not a time of life it is a state of mind it is not a matter of rosy cheeks red lips and supple knees it is a mater of the will a quality of the imagination a vigor of the emotions it is the freshness of the deep springs of life Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity of the appetite of adventure over the love of ease This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20 Nobody grows old merely by a number of years We grow old by deserting our ideals Years may wrinkle the skin But to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul Worry self distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust 学苑中心培训系列教材内部资料 翻版必究 3 For the past several years the Sunday newspaper supplementParadehas featured a column called Ask Marilyn People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old that gave her an IQ of 228 the highest score ever recorded IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies to envision paper after it has been folded and cut and to deduce numerical sequences among other similar tasks So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe whose IQ is 100 as What s the difference between love and fondness Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence It s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers Clearly intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test Just what does it mean to be smart How much of intelligence can be specified and how much can we learn about it from neurology genetics computer science and other fields For the past decades television and technology executives in the U S have been promising that viewers would use their remote controls for something other than channel surfing Well we ve seen how that s turned out Ventures like Microsoft s WebTV flopped In Britain however that dream has become a reality Thirty one percent of Britain s 26 million households have interactive TV compared with only 8 in the US How did Britain a country not known for its high tech powers achieve such dominance in interactive television Because cable was a novelty in England until recetly the country was able to skip a generation of technology and go straight to digital TV while U S cable companies are still upgrading their networks Consumer behavior differs too Fewer Britons own PCs and those who have Internet access spend less time online thanAmericans making them more willing to utilize Web like functions on their TV sets Because people make decisions by comparing costs and benefits their behavior may change when the costs or benefits change That is people respond to incentives When the price of an apple rises people decide to eat more pears and fewer appples because the cost of buying an apple is higher At the same time apple orchards decide to hire more workers and harvest more apples because the benefit of selling an apple is also higher As we will see the effect of price on the behavior of buyers and sellers in a market is crucial for understanding how the economy works Public policymakers should never forget about incentives for many policies change the costs or benefits that people face and therefore alter behavior For example a tax on gasoline encourages people to drive smaller and more fuel efficient cars It also encourages people to take public transportation rather than drive a private car or to live closer to where they work 学苑中心培训系列教材内部资料 翻版必究 4 11 The human brain contains 10 thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with humanlike ability but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure Quite soon in only 10 or 20 years perhaps we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain and if we can we will It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software 软件 or by altering the architecture but that too will happen I think it certain that in decades not centuries machines of silicon 硅 will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design In a real sense they will be able to reprouduce themselves Silicon will have ended carbon s long control And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through econmies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers first on earth through their ability to withstand environments harmful to ourselves Thus deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined Further ahead by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide the construction of a vast man created world in space home to thousands or millions of people will be within our power 12 Even plants can run a fever especially when they re under attack by insects or disease But unlike humans plants can have their temperature taken from 3 000 feet away straight up Adecade ago adapting the infrared 红外线 scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take temperature of crops to determine which one are under stress The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide 杀虫剂 spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field which invariably includes plants that don t have pest 害虫 problems Even better Paley s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye Mounted on a plane flown at 3 000 feet at night an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops The data were transformed into a color coded map showing where plants were running fevers Farmers could then spot spray using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would The bad news is that Paley s company closed down in 1984 after only three years Farmers resisted the new technology and long term backers were hard to find But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce and refinements in infrared scanning Paley hopes to get back into operation Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States says George Qerther of Texas Abut early man had several big advantages over the animals He had a large brain he had an upright body he had clever hands and he had in his brain special groups of nerve cells not present in animnals that enabled him to invent a language and use it to communicate with his fellow men 71 This ability to speak was of very great value because it allowed men to share ideas and to plan together so that tasks impossible for a single person could be successfully undertaken by intelligent team work Speech also enabled ideas to be passed on from generation to generation so that the stock of human knowledge slowly increased It was these special advantages that put men far ahead of all other living creatures in the struggle for existence They can use their intelligence against their difficlties and master them Since those far off times when he first appeared man has achieved a great deal He has used animals steam electricity and oil to move himself more and more quickly form place to place He has overcome rivers and seas with rafts canoes boats and ships of endless variety 72 He mastered darkness too first with dim lights and later with brighter and brighter lamps until he can now make for himself so dazzling a light with an are lamp 弧光灯 that like the sun it is too strong for his naked eyes Man found that his own muscles were too weak for the work which he wanted to do 73 he explored many forms of power wind water steam electricity until now he has his hands on the ultimate source of physical energy the nuclear power which ties together the smallest units from which all matter is made From man s earliest days the flight of birds has raised his wonder and desire Why should he not fly as they did Then he began to experiment At last he learnt how to make the right machines to carry him through the air Now he can fly faster than sound Already he has plans for conquering space and a series of experiments has been completed 74 It will not be long now before man takes a giant step away from this planet and visits the moon learning what it is like to have no weight to his body no upward direction and no downward Communication also presented man with a problem Not long ago in history even the most imprortant message took weeks to travel from one country to another in written form or by word of mouth now a joke on a wireless programme leaps across the world at a speed of 186 000 miles a second 75 Sight has followed sound man can now see things happening hundreds of miles away at the very moment when they occur 学苑中心培训系列教材内部资料 翻版必究 6 15 PartIVEnglish ChineseTranslation 2001 年 Directions Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese Your translation must be written neatly onANSWER SHEET 2 10 point In less than 30 years time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality Direct links between the brain s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall 71 There will be television chat shows hosted by robots and cars with pollution monitors that will disble them when offend 72 Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips computers with in built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools relaxation will be in front of smell television and digital age will have arrived According to BT s futurologist Ian Pearson these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium a period of 1 000 years when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life 73 Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040 Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer human links By linking directly to our nervous system computers could pick up what we feel and hopefully simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the star Trek holodeck he says 74 But that Pearson points out is only the start of man machine integration It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human befor the end of the next century Through his research Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted However there are still no forecasts for when faster than light travel will be available or when human cloning will be perfected or when time travel will be possible But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances Aboom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will for example cause problems in 2010 while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids 75 And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder kitchen rage 学苑中心培训系列教材内部资料 翻版必究 7 16 PartTVEnglish ChineseTranslation 2000 年 Directions Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese Your translation must be written neatly onANSWER SHEET 2 10 points Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community 71 Under modern conditions this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts 72 Furthermore it is obvious that the strength of a country s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all knids It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage For example they may encourage research in various ways including the setting up of their own research centers they may alter the structure of education Or interfere in order to reduce the wastege of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited or they may co operate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science economics and industry In any case all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds 73 Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the ressons given above At the same time the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past For example 74 in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization with all the far reaching changes in social patterns that followed was spread over nearly a century whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned 75 Additional social stresses may also occ