Introduction and I Ching易经简介英文课件.ppt

ChineseCulture 凌海衡charles ling Whythiscourse knowthyselfinscribedinthepronaos forecourt oftheTempleofApolloatDelphi anancientGreekcityontheslopesofMountParnassus siteoftheoracleofDelphi WhattoLearn IChing orTheBookofChange 周易 Confucianism 孔孟程朱 Taoism 老庄 Budhism 肇论 坛经 History 战国策 史记 Others HowtoLearn Attendclasses Readthereadingmaterials Consultotherreferences Takenotes writepapers Chronology Yi Jing orTheBookofChange Chinesephilosophy bothConfucianism Daoism asdeepthinkingonthenatureoftheworldandthenatureofhumanselfcanbesaidtohavebegunwiththeformationofthetextofYi JingatthebeginningoftheZhoudynastyintheearly12thcenturyBCE Thenamesuggeststhatitdealswithallchanges 易yi intheworld thuscoveringbothnaturalchangesandchangesintroducedbyhumanaction FromDivinationtoPhilosophy ThedisclosureofphilosophicalinsightsembodiedinthetextsoftheZhou Yitransformeditfromatextofdivinationintoatextofphilosophicalwisdom ThistransformationisessentialforunderstandinghowtheZhou Yicouldberegardedastheformingofasystemofideasorviewsabouttheworldandourselvesashumanbeings Yin Yang Itconcernsthegenesisoftheonto cosmologicalworld nature intermsofthemovementandrestofyinandyang explainingallthingsintheirformationandtransformationincorporatinghumanbeingsaspart parcelofontocosmologicalprocessofreality realizationenablinghumanbeingstoactivelychangetheworldformingtheimage forms trigrams hexagramsguas卦 andyaos 爻 intheYi Jingtext Gua Thebookconsistsof64hexagrams gua andrelatedtexts Thehexagrams ascombinationsoftwotrigrams alsogua arecomposedofsixlines yao arrangedoneatoptheotherinverticalsequenceandreadfrombottomtotop Eachlineiseithersolid yang orbroken yin Thecombinationsaredeterminedbythenumericalmanipulationofdiviningsticks originallyyarrowstalks ormilfoil蓍草 TheEightGuas Allegedly alegendaryruler FuXi ca 2000BCE wasresponsiblefortheconstructionofthisearliestformofYijing Thesetrigramsrepresenttheeightbasicnaturalelements heaven 乾 earth 坤 water 坎 fire 离 wind 巽 thunder 震 mountain 艮 andlake 兑 朱熹 乾三连 坤六断 震仰盂 艮覆碗 离中虚 坎中满 兑上缺 巽下断 TheEightGuas Onthelevelofnaturalrepresentations theseeighttrigramsstandforeightbasicnaturalphenomena However theyalsostandforotherrelationsinametaphoricalsense E g inoneoftheTenWings theDiscussionoftheTrigrams 说卦 thetrigramsareassociatedwithvariousthings Constantflux orChanges Thesetrigramswereconceivedasimagesofallthathappensinheavenandonearth Atthesametime theywereheldtobeinastateofcontinualtransition onechangingintoanother Attentioncentersnotonthingsintheirstateofbeing butupontheirmovementsinchange Theythereforearenotrepresentationsofthingsassuchbutoftheirtendenciesinmovement Structure1 Eachhexagramisaccompaniedbyahexagramname 卦名 ahexagramstatement 卦辞 andlinestatements 爻辞 foreachofthesixlines ThelinestatementshaveasequentialorassociationalorganizationbasedonthegeneraltopicgivenintheJudgment 彖 Eachstatesaspecific differentiatedinstanceorvariationofthetopic followedbyachargeorinjunctionthatoneshouldtakesomeactionorrefrainfromitandafinaldetermination DukeZhou sPhilosophyofLife Atthisstage Yijingemergedasaphilosophyoflife Itwasnolongerjustabookfordivination Eachsituation symbolicallyrepresentedbyeitherthehexagramasawholeorasinglelineinthehexagram signifiesamoralsituationinlife TheJudgmentfrequentlydepictspossibleoptionsinanygivensituationalongwiththeirpossibleoutcomes Structure2 The2ndlayerconsistsofanothertwoparts commentaryontheJudgmentscalledTuanzhuan彖传andcommentaryontheabstractmeaningsor Images oftheJudgmentsandthelinestatementscalledXiangzhuan象传 TheJudgmentshave GreatImages 大象 theabstractmeaningsofhexagramsaswholeentities andthelinestatementshave LittleImages 小象 theabstractmeaningsofindividuallines ConfucianistPhilosophy 彖传turnedthemysticaloraclenatureoftheancienttextintoaphilosophicalexpositionofvarioussituationsinlife Itservesbothasananalysisofthevariouscontextsandasadiscussiononthemoraldutiesofindividualsinthesecontexts 象传fullydevelopedthesenseofNature spossessingmoralattributes orNature sbeingsymbolicrepresentationsofvariousmoralattributes TenWings ThetraditionalformatofYijingdividesthe彖传andthe象传eachintotwosections together theyformthefirstfouroftheso calledTenWings 十翼 oftheexegeticalmaterialincludedintheClassicofChanges AllTenWingsaretraditionallyattributedtoConfucius However individualWingsactuallydatefromdifferentperiods withsomepredatinghistimewhileothersdatefromaslateasthethirdcenturyB C GreatTreatise TheGreatTreatise 系辞传 receivedthemostattentionfromNeo Confucians Thistreatiseisdividedintotwoparts Itcoversawiderangeoftopics includingthenatureofYijing themethodofdivination thesocialreformsmadebyancientsages andthehistoryofhumancivilization ItcanbeseenasoneofthemostimportantphilosophicalfoundationsforNeo Confucianism Intheory TheBookofChange orYijing providesaprofoundcosmologicalfoundationforChinesephilosophy In