listen this way 3 unit 1.ppt

ListenThisWay3 英语听力教程3 UnitOne IstheEarthBeingSqueezedDry Part Gettingready viciousadj 恶毒的 恶性的viciouscircle恶性循环 virtuouscircle良性循环monsoonseason雨季 季节性大雨 hygienen U 卫生 学 保健学summitn C 政府首脑会议 峰会 EU Chinasummit中欧峰会thinktank 政治 社会 经济问题的 智囊团 智库 专家小组 Propernames Carbondioxide 二氧化碳 Amazonforest 亚马逊热带雨林 rainforesttheSaharaDesert 沙哈拉沙漠 RiodeJaneiro里约热内卢 巴西共和国的旧首都 Brasilia巴西利亚 thecapitalofBrazil 1960 Part Gettingready Part Gettingready B Listentotwoshortextractions Writedowntheenvironmentalissuesmentionedinthem 1 burningoftheforests treeremoval deforestation reductionoftheworld srainforests2 globalwarming greenhouseeffect emissionsofCO2 摘录 Tapescript 1 TheAmazonforestsaredisappearingbecauseofincreasedburningandtreeremoval InSeptember satellitepicturesshowedmorethan20000firesburningintheAmazon Expertssaymostofthesefiresweresetbyfarmers Thefarmerswereattemptingtoclearlandtogrowcrops Part Gettingready TheWorldWildlifeFundsaysanotherseriousproblemisthattoomanytreesintheAmazonrainforestarebeingcutdown TheWorldWildlifeFundsaysthefiresshowtheneedforurgentinternationalactiontoprotecttheworld srainforests Thegroupwarnsthatwithoutsuchactionsomeforestscouldbelostforever Tapescript 2 EnvironmentalissuesswelltothefullinBerlinthisweek fortheUNsponsoredconferenceonglobalwarmingandclimatechangeisthefirstsuchmeetingsincetheRiosummitthreeyearsago 膨胀 增大 赞助 WithscientistsandgovernmentsnowgenerallyreadytoacceptthattheearthclimateisbeingaffectedbyemissionsofCO andothergreenhousegases overahundredcountriesaresendingdelegations ButhowmuchprogresshasbeenmadeimplementingthegreenhousegasreductiontargetagreedonatRio SimonDaryreports 温室气体 阻止地球上空的热量散发并引起温室效应的气体 尤指二氧化碳和甲烷 代表团 实施 执行 Part TheEarthatrisk clear cutadj 轮廓鲜明的 明确的 stabilizeverb I T 使 稳定Thepriceofcoffeehasbeenrisingandfallingsharply buthasnow been stabilized ranchn 大牧场hardwood硬木材 硬木树 阔叶树 softwood软木材 针叶树 unproductive贫瘠的wasteland荒地 ranchdressing牧场色拉酱makewayfor让路 为 开路domesticanimal家畜ironoremine铁砂矿atanalarmingrate以一种惊人的速度atthis thatrateintensiveagriculture集约农业 Part TheEarthatrisk Intensivefarmingorintensiveagricultureisanagriculturalproductionsystemcharacterizedbythehighinputsofcapital labor orheavyusageoftechnologiessuchaspesticidesandchemicalfertilizersrelativetolandarea Thisisincontrasttomanyformsofsustainableagriculturesuchasorganicfarmingorextensiveagriculture whichinvolvearelativelylowinputofmaterialsandlabor relativetotheareaoflandfarmed andwhichfocusonmaintaininglong termecologicalhealthoffarmland sothatitcanbefarmedindefinitely Part TheEarthatrisk Answerthequestions 1 WhatistheviciouscirclementionedbyBrianCowels Morepeople morefirewood fewertrees Moredomesticanimals moreplants feweravailableplants moredesert movesouth desertexpandingsouth nograssKey theimpactofthepopulationontheenvironment Part TheEarthatrisk Tapescript TheEarthatrisk BrianCowles StartingwithAfrica ourfilmshowstheimpactofthepopulationontheenvironment Generallyspeaking thishascausedtheSaharaDeserttoexpand It sabitofaviciouscirclewefind Peoplecutdowntreesforfirewoodandtheirdomesticanimalseatalltheavailableplants andsoconsequentlytheyhavetomovesouthastheSaharaDesertexpandsfurthersouth A Answerthequestions 2 Whyistherainsoimportanttosoil Growingcropsstabilizesoil withoutthemthetopsoiljustblowsaway Butifthereisn tenoughrainthecropsdon tgrow Typescripts TheEarthatrisk IntheUSA asyouknow intensiveagriculturerequiresaplentifulsupplyofrainforthesecropstogrow Imeanifthereisn tenoughrainthecropsdon tgrow Andgrowingcropsstabilizessoil withoutthemthetopsoiljustblowsaway Thisisalsotrueforanyregionthatisintenselyfarmed mostofEurope forexample 3 Whataresomeofthereasonsthattropicalforestsarebeingcutdown Peopletrytogrowfoodtosupportthemselvesortocreaterancheswherecattlecanberaised ortogethardwoodforexport ortomakewayformines A Answerthequestions InSouthAfrica asinCentralAfricaandSouthernAsia tropicalforestsarebeingcutdownatanalarmingrate ThisisdonesothatpeoplecansupportthemselvesbygrowingfoodortocreaterancheswherecattlecanberaisedtobeexportedtoEuropeorAmericaastinnedmeat junglewasdestroyedtomakewayforanironoremine HugenumbersoftreesarebeingcutdownforexportashardwoodtoJapan Europe USAtomakethingslikeluxuryfurniture Tapescript TheEarthatrisk B Outline EnvironmentalproblemsindifferentcontinentsA Africa1 expansion2 nograssforanimalstoeat EastAfrica B 1 problem intensivefarming agriculture2 potentialproblem SaharaDesert NorthAmerica mostofEurope topsoilblowingaway C SouthAmerica CentralAfrica SouthernAsia1 problem 2 consequencesa soil thin unproductive wastelandb c animal plantspeciesbecomingextinct climatechangeforthewholeworld B Outline tropicalforestsdestruction Tapescript TheEarthatrisk Theseforestscan tbereplaced theforestsoilisthinandunproductiveandinjustafewyears ajunglehasbecomeawasteland Tropicalforestscontainrareplantsandanimals oneanimalorplantspeciesbecomesextincteveryhalfhour Theseforesttreesalsohaveworldwideeffects Youknow theyconvertcarbondioxideintooxygen Theconsequencesofdestroyingforestsisnotonlythattheclimateofthatregionchangesbutthischangeaffectsthewholeworld PartIIITheEarthatrisk II Vocabulary depressingadj 使人沮丧的forward lookingadj 褒 向前看的 有远见的practically1 几乎 差不多2 实际上 事实上presumably pri zum bli 据推测 大概 可能 想必 ProperNames Bangladesh b gl de 孟加拉国Nepal ni p l 尼泊尔TheBlueNile青尼罗河Himalayas him lei z range喜马拉雅山脉GangesRiver恒河 India theInternationalUnionfortheConservationofNature IUCN 国际自然保护联盟 PartIIITheEarthatrisk II A Answerthequestions 1 Whyissomefloodingman made A Treeswouldholdrainfallintheirroots Whenforestsinthehigherup riverhavebeendestroyedbymen alltherainthatfallsinthemonsoonseasonflowsstraightintotheriverandstartstheflooding PartIIITheEarthatrisk II 河的上游 Tapescript thewholeofBangladeshisfloodedandthisisgettingworse Youknow thecauseisthatforestshavebeencutdownupinNepalandIndia Imean higherup riverintheHimalayas Treeswouldholdrainfallintheirroots butifthey vebeencutdownalltherainthatfallsinthemonsoonseasonflowsstraightintotheriverGangesandfloodsthewholecountry 恒河 2 WhatdoesBrianimplywhenhesaysthenationalgovernmentshavetobeforward looking A Heimpliesthatsomenationalgovernmentsjustconsidertheresultsoftheirpoliciesinthenearfuture orjustthinkasfaraheadasthenextelection PartIIITheEarthatrisk II Tapescript thenationalgovernmentshavetobeforward lookingandconsidertheresultsoftheirpoliciesintenortwentyyears notjustthinkasfaraheadasthenextelection Outline II II Reasonsforsome natural disasters mainlyman madeA B floodinginSudanIII A nationalgovernments forward lookingB C stoppingusinghardwoodforfurniture makingD educatingpeopletorealizetheconsequences floodinginBangladesh Actiontobetaken populationcontrol PartIVTheEffectsofGlobalWarming fossilfuel矿物燃料 如煤 石油 天然气等 equator赤道contamination污染 玷污bacteria细菌diarrhea腹泻environmentalrefugee环境难民Britain sClimatePredictionCenter英国天气预测中心UniversityofLondon LondonSchoolofHygiene TropicalMedicine伦敦大学卫生与热带医学院 Doyouknowwhatsomeoftheeffectsofglobalwarmingare 5DeadliestEffectsofGlobalWarming Spreadofdisease Warmerwatersandmorehurricanes Increasedprobabilityandintensityofdroughtsandheatwaves Economicconsequences Polaricecapsmelting极地冰冠 PartIVTheEffectsofGlobalWarming 干旱 旱灾 热浪 热 辐射 波 南北极常年不融的 冰盖 冰冠 I A averagetemperatureB yearlyincreaseII Causesofglobalwarming PartIVOutline Warmingupoftheworld Tapescript Theworldiswarmingup Weknowthisbecauseaveragetemperaturesarethehighestsincescientistsstartedmeasuringthem600yearsago Theincreaseisabout0 2 everyyear Thismayseemveryslight butweknowthatslightchangesintemperaturecanhaveabigeffectonotherthings Mostscientistsnowbelievethisglobalwarmingisduetohumanactivity A greatchangesinrainfallB riseinthesealevelC D healthandsocialproblems PartIVOutline EffectsofglobalWarming reducedpotentialforfoodproduction Tapescript computersarebeingusedtopredictwhatthismaymean Theyshowedthattherecouldbegreatchangesinrainfallandtheriseinthesealevelasicecapsinthenorthandsouthpolesmelt ThiscouldhaveaseriouseffectonagricultureaccordingtoProf MartinPerry Hesaysitcouldbecomemoredifficulttogrowfoodinthetropicsatlowerlatitudenearertotheequator Themostclearpatternemergingisthepossibilityofreducedpotentialproductioninlowerlatituderegions PartIVOutline III EffectsofglobalwarmingD healthandsocialproblems1 environmentalrefugees2 changeofpatternsofdistributionofinsectsandinfectiveagents3 IV Timetotakeaction changeofpatternsofhear relatedfoodpoisoning etc Tapescript Foodproductionisonlyoneareathatcouldbeaffected Therecouldalsobehealthandsocialproblems Alreadyanumberofruralpopulationsaroundtheworldaresufferingfromthedeclineofagriculturalsystems Climatechangewouldaddtothis Andwewouldexpectthatitwouldacceleratethefloodofenvironmentalrefugeesaroundtheworld Tapescript Aclimaterefugeeisadisplacedpersoncausedbyclimatechange inducedenvironmentaldisasters Suchdisastersareevidenceofhuman influencedecologicalchangeanddisruptiontoEarth sclimatesystem primarilythroughtheemissionsofgreenhousegases Tapescript Butitincludesnotjustthefoodproductionsystems butthepatternsofdistributionoftheinsectsandinfectiveagentsaroundtheworld Itincludeslikelyeffectsonpatternsofheat Relatedfoodpoisoning watercontaminationanddiarrheadiseases lotsofthingslikethisthatwouldrespondverysensitivelytochangesinclimate PartVDoyouknow abundant丰富的 充裕的scarce缺乏的 不足的cubic立方的glacier冰河 冰川groundwater地下水freshwater淡水saltwater海水evaporate蒸发runoff径流 溢流 流走物 InternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstitute IFPRI 国际食品政策研究所indigenous本土的scarcityn 缺乏 短缺WestBangal西孟加垃takeabackseat 口 冷板凳Arsenicpoisoning砷中毒 砒霜中毒 PartVDoyouknow A 1 FInsomepartsoftheworld waterconsumptionhasincreasedfivefold 2 FIt softenbeensaidthatwaterratherthanoilwillbethecauseofwarfareinthene