Writing a literature review怎样写文献综述英文版.ppt

Writingaliteraturereview MarianMayFacultyofBusiness Purposesofaliteraturereview Toshowthatyouhavereadwidelyfrom all theresearchinthefieldToacknowledgetheworkofothersTojustifyyourchoiceofresearchtopicToidentifyagapintheresearchsothatyoudonotduplicatetheworkofothersTosummarise organise compare contrastandevaluate i e REVIEW theideasofotherssothatyouhaveanaccurategraspofwhatresearchhasbeendoneTosupportyourargument Examplesofliteraturereviews IntroductionofClatworthyandJones 2003 LiteraturereviewsectioninClatworthyandJones 2003 1 ClatworthyandJones Introduction Notethefirstsentence Accountingnarrativesrepresentanincreasinglyimportantfinancialreportingmedium Notethefocusonliterature research studiesNotethewaytheliteratureisusedtosupporttheirassertionsNotethestatementofaimandpurposeNotethewaytheydefinefocuson impressionmanagement NotethedefiningofscopeNotetheoutlineofthepaper Focusontheliterature 1 Manymoresentencescontainwordsthatrelatetoresearch studies scholarlywriting Forexampleonp 171 Empiricalresearchhasdemonstrated Theimportance iswelldocumented StudiesinAustraliaandNewZealand allshowthat Studiesoftheuseofinformation alsoshowthat Moreover inanempiricalstudy AbrahamsonandAmir 1996 determine Authorsusedasexamples e g LeeandTweedie 1981 Focusontheliterature 2 Notethefollowingstrongliteraturefocus weakauthorfocus EmpiricalresearchintheUShasdemonstratedthatboththeinclusionandthecontentofpresident sletterssignificantlyaffectthejudgmentsofindividualsinequityinvestmentdecisions Kaplanetal 1990 NB Here thesentencebeginswiththeresearch Theauthorsarenotinthesentence comparedwithfocusonauthor s Notethefollowingstrongauthorfocus Kaplanetal 1990 havedemonstratedthatboththeinclusionandthecontentofpresident sletterssignificantlyaffectthejudgmentsofindividualsinequityinvestmentdecisions NB Here theauthorsbeginthesentence andnospecificfocusonauthororliterature Boththeinclusionandthecontentofpresident sletterssignificantlyaffectthejudgmentsofindividualsinequityinvestmentdecisions Kaplanetal 1990 NB Here thefocusisonthecontent Thewritermakesastatementaboutthetopic supportedbyacitation 2 C J sliteraturereview p 173 NoteCandJ sfocus Thetheoryandpracticeofimpressionmanagementiswelldocumentedinaccountingresearch Thestudyofaccountingnarrativesisanimportantsub setoftheaccountingliterature SalancikandMeindl s 1984 resultsbroadlyreinforcethoseoftheotherthreestudies Questionstoaskaboutwhatyouread Whathasbeendoneandbywhom Howdothestudiesrelatetoeachothere g Dostudiesgrouptogether Whatdoeseachstudydothattheothersdonotdo Whatisusefulaboutthesestudies Canyouidentifyanylimitationsorshortcomingsofthestudies e g scope sample Anyproblemswithprocedure method data analysis theory reporting etc HowC Jdothis Whathasbeendonebywhom e g JonesandShoemaker 1994 forexample identify36thematicand32readabilitystudiesupto1993 p 173 Howdostudiesgrouptogether e g p 173 Thestudyofaccountingnarrativesisanimportantsub setoftheaccountingliterature Inaccounting fourUSstudiesinvestigateandfindevidenceof SalancikandMeindl s 1984 resultsbroadlyreinforcethoseoftheotherthreestudies Whatdosomestudiesdothatothersdonot e g Finally ClaphamandSchwenk 1991 investigatethepresident slettersofcompaniesintheUSelectricityandgasutilitysectorfrom1978 82 AlthoughtheyfollowSalancikandMeindl smethodology theyfindsomedifferencesfromtheminthepatternofresultsbetweenstableandunstablefirms Overall however theyfindthat p 173 Limitationsorshortcomingsofthestudies e g scope sample e g AlthoughthesestudiesfindsomeevidenceofattributionintheUSinthe1980s themethodologicalapproachislimitedintworespects First theunitofanalysisistheattributionstatement sonoaccountistakenofthenumberofwords Second nodistinctionisformallymadebetweenexplicitandimplicitattributions p 173 Structuralissues Howwillyoustructuretheideas e g chronological thematic conceptual methodological Howdothevariousstudiesyouhavereadrelatetoeachother HowhaveClatworthyandJonesstructuredtheirliteraturereviewsection Yourintroduction IdentifyyourtopicTellthereaderwhythistopicisworthreviewing i e Whyistheliteratureonthistopicimportantoruseful Istheredebateonthisissue forexample OutlineyourobjectiveinwritingtheliteraturereviewOutlinethescopeofyourreview e g Thisreviewcoversliteraturefromthefollowingsources or Therearefoursectionsinthisreview first second third andfourth Amapforthereader Tellthereaderhowyouwillstructurethereview e g haveyouusedahistoricalapproach Oratheoreticalapproach Give signposts throughoutthereviewtohelpthereaderfollowyourprogressForalongerreviewitisusefultousesub headingsMarkyourconclusionclearlye g Toconclude or Tosummarise Themainpartofthereview DecideonastructureIdentifythemesandissuesSynthesisethebodyofliteraturebysummarisingthemaindevelopments arguments debates changes influences keyfiguresCompareandcontrastthestudieswitheachotherInterpretthestudiesforthereader Yourintroduction IdentifyyourtopicTellthereaderwhythistopicisworthreviewing i e Whyistheliteratureonthistopicimportantoruseful Istheredebateonthisissue forexample OutlineyourobjectiveinwritingtheliteraturereviewOutlinethescopeofyourreview e g Thisreviewcoversliteraturefromthefollowingsources or Therearefoursectionsinthisreview first second third andfourth Interpretingstudiesforthereader e g Theseattributionsaremostprevalentwhencompaniesdoworsethanexpected althoughBettmanandWeitz 1983 donotpartitiontheirsamplebycompanyperformance p 173 Useverbsthatinterprettheliterature e g Xshowsthat Yarguesthat Zassertsthat Tproposesthat etc Yourconclusion Usea signpost e g Insum thereforethepriorliteraturedemonstrates Clatworthy Jones2003 174 Focusontheliterature Sum