高二-虚拟语气用法讲解(ppt).ppt

2020 3 15 条件句表示主句的条件 分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种 a 真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的 采用陈述语气 b 虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的 采用虚拟语气 SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气 一 用法归纳 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 主从句 构成 时态 虚拟条件从句 if 主句 与现在事实相反的假设 与过去事实相反的假设 If 主语 did be用were 主语 would should could might do If 主语 haddone 主语 would should could mighthavedone 主从句 构成 虚拟条件从句 if 主句 与将来情况相反的假设 If 主语 did If 主语 weretodo If 主语 shoulddo 主语 would should could mightdo 时态 二虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用 1 与现在事实相反从句谓语 主句谓语 IfIwereyou Iwouldgothere 过去时 would should could might 动词原形 注意 在虚拟语气中 只能用were 不能用was IfIhadalotofmoneyIwouldbuyavilla 三与将来事实相反从句谓语 主句谓语 IfitwereSundaytomorrow Ishouldgotoseeafilm IfheshouldhavetimenextSunday hewouldgotovisittheGreatWall IfIweretobetwentynextyear Icouldtakethecourse 1 过去时 would should could might 动词原形 2 should 动词原形 3 wereto 动词原形 四与过去事实相反从句谓语 主句谓语 Ifhehadcomeearlier hewouldhaveseenher had 动词的过去分词 would should could might have 动词的过去分词 Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully hewouldnothavehadthecaraccidentyesterday HadIhadtime Iwouldhavegonetoseethefilm IfIhadhadtime Iwouldhavegonetoseethefilm 五在虚拟语气的条件从句中 可以省略if 但要把状语从句变成一般疑问句语序 today hewouldgetthereonFriday WasheleavingB IfheleavesC WerehetoleaveD Ifheisleaving C 六有时虚拟语气的条件从句不用if引导 而用butfor without ifonly otherwise等词 Butforyourhelp Icouldn thavemadesuchgreatprogressinEnglish Withoutair wecouldn tlive 3 Ifonlytheweatherwerefine 4 Ihadbeentherebytaxi otherwiseIwouldhavemissedthetrain 以butfor without开头的句子 谓语动词的形式和if的主句的一致 主 从句的谓语动词的形式都和if从句相一致 以Ifonly开头的句子 谓语动词的形式和if从句的一致 七有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致 出现混合虚拟语气结构 Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor sadvice hewouldbewell IfIwereyouIwouldnothavegonetoseethefilmyesterday 在混合虚拟语气结构中 从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作的时间不一致 这时主 从句谓语动词的形式要根据它们发生的时间进行调整 ShetalkedaboutAmericaasifhehadbeenbornthere Hesingsasthoughhewereasinger 八 由asif或asthough引导的状语从句 其谓语动词用过去式或had 动词的过去分词 1 Heappearsasthoughhe anItalian A wereB wasC hasbeenD be2 Itseemsasifhe thereyesterday A wasB wereC hasbeenD hadbeen A D 九 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 1 wish 宾语从句IwishIwereadoctor IwishIshouldgoabroadnextyear 3 IwishIhadseenthefootballmatch 与现在事实相反 宾语从句的谓语动词用过去时 与将来事实相反 宾语从句的谓语动词用should would could might 动词原形 与过去事实相反 宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时 2 suggest等 宾语从句 这类动词有 order insist demand desire command propose request等 Theteachersuggestedthatoursportsmeeting should beputofftillnextweek Theheadmasterorderedthatallofthestudents should behereontime Heinsistedthatwe should attendthemeeting 在宾语从句中 谓语动词用should 动词原形 should可省略 在command order require demand request insist propose suggest等动词后面的宾语从句 要用虚拟语气 其谓语动词用 should 动词原形Wesuggestthatwe should haveameeting Weinsistedthatthey should gowithus 记住 insist suggest各有两种意思 要用不同的语气Insist表示 坚决要求 时 用虚拟形式 即should do Insist表示 坚称 坚持说 时 用陈述语气 表示事实 Suggest表示 建议 时 用虚拟形式 Suggest表示 表明 暗示 时 用陈述语气 注意 insist suggest后接的宾语从句不用虚拟语气的情况 sheinsistedthatshewasright 2 Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasunhappy 当insist的意思是坚持某人自己的观点时 后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气 当suggest的意思是暗示 表明时 后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气 Mysuggestionisthatyou should visitthefarm Hisideaisthatthestudents should makeaplan 3 句中有suggestion plan idea order requirement motion recommendation proposal等名词 其后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词用 should 动词原形 虚拟语气用于表语从句 同位语从句中 名词advice order demand proposal command requirement insistence suggestion request等的表语从句和同位语从句要用虚拟语气 其谓语动词的构成是 should 动词原形Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe should gotoBeijingforoursummervocation 4 记住下面几个句型 natural important necessary impossiblesurprising strange funny essentialItis thatrequested suggested desired proposedapity amatterofregret ashame nowonder 从句的谓语动词用 should 动词原形 在主语从句中 谓语动词可以用虚拟语气表示惊奇 不相信 惋惜 理应如此等主观的情感 其谓语动词用 should 动词原形 1 Itisimportantthatwe should cleantheroomeveryday necessary natural strange etc 2 Itisapitythatyou should besocareless ashame nowonder etc 3 ItissuggestedthatMissLiu should giveaperformanceattheparty decided ordered requested proposed etc 2 It stimethatwehad 或shouldhave aclass 在It sabout hightimethat句型中 从句的谓语动词用过去时或shoulddosth 3 Iwouldratheryoufinishedtheworktoday Iwouldratheryoufinishedtheworktomorrow I dratheryouhadfinishedtheworkyesterday 在wouldrather句型中 与过去事实相反 从句的谓语动词用过去完成时 与现在 将来事实相反 从句的谓语动词用过去时 1 错综时间条件句 Ifyouhadlistenedtome youwouldn tbeinsuchtroublenow Ifthedoctorhadcomeintime Amywouldstillbealive Ifhehadreceivedsixmorevotes hewouldbeourchairmannow 十几种特殊情况 十一If可能被省略 从句要倒装 Weresheincharge Ifshewereincharge shewoulddothingsdifferently HadIknownyouraddress IfIhadknownyouraddress Iwouldhavewrittenbefore Shouldyouchangeyourmind Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind noonewouldblameyou 十二不含条件从句 但有条件假设意义 Withoutyourhelp Icouldn thaveachievedallthis Ifithadn tbeenforyourhelp 2 Butforhispension hewouldstarve Ifitwerenotforhispension 十三Ifonly意为 若是 那该多好啊 真希望 只要 只要 就好IfonlyIhadarrivedintime Ifonlyshedidn tdrivesofast IfonlyIwereabird IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice 十四由sothat inorderthat引导的目的状语从句中用虚拟语气 其谓语形式为may might can could 动词原形 SpeakloudersothatIcanhearyou Hegotupmuchearlierthismorninginorderthathemightcatchthefirstbustothecity IwenttothecinemaearlysothatIcouldfindagoodseat 虚拟语气是一种动词形式 表示说话人的一种愿望 假设 怀疑 建议等含义 虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实 SubjunctiveMood IwishpeoplewouldfindoutaboutthefactsandnotactasifIwereabadordangerousperson IfIwereyou IwouldgiveanAIDSpatientahug 条件句可分为两类 一类为真实条件句 一类为非真实条件句 非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况 故采用虚拟语气 一 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 虚拟语气常见用法 Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifitrains Fact Theweathermanforecastednorainfortomorrow butifitshouldraintomorrow theywouldn tgoforanouting 二虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点 1 非真实条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句的谓语动词不一致 叫做错综条件虚拟语气 也称为混合虚拟 主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定 如果你开车时不是太快 现在你就不会在医院了 Ifyouhadn tdriventoofast youwouldn tbeinhospitalnow 2 假设条件虚拟倒装 条件从句中有should were had三个助动词可以把if省略 并将这三个词提至句首 IfIwereyou Iwouldgiveitup WereIyou Iwouldgiveitup Ifyouhadn tbrokentherule youwouldn tbeintroublesnow Hadyounotbrokentherule youwouldn tbeintroub