土木工程管理.ppt

1Thebasicinformationabouttheearth 地球的基本知识 2Rock 岩石 3Soilsformationandsoilsengineeringproperties 土的形成和土的工程性质 4Geologicalstructure 地质构造 5Groundwater 地下水 6Theanalysesofengineeringgeologyproblems 工程地质问题分析 7Engineeringinvestigation 工程勘察 Themaintopicsofengineeringgeology工程地质课程的主要内容 Introduction绪论 1thedefinitionofcivilengineeringgeology土木工程地质的基本概念2Thepositionofengineeringgeologyinthecivilengineeringcoursesystem 工程地质在土木学科体系中的位置 3themainsubstanceaboutengineeringgeology 工程地质学研究的具体内容 4theimportanceofGE 学习意义 5Demands requirements 要求 Themaintopicsinintroduction绪论中的主要内容 thedefinitionofengineeringgeology 工程地质学的基本概念 1 Engineeringgeologyisaboutapplyingallbranchesofthegeosciences 地质学 toassurethesafety efficiency andeconomyofengineeringandenvironmentalprojects 2 EngineeringGeologyisdevotedtotheinvestigation 勘察 studyandsolutionoftheengineeringandenvironmentalproblemswhichmayariseastheresultoftheinteractionbetweengeologyandtheworksandactivitiesofmanaswellastothepredictionandthedevelopmentofmeasuresforpreventionormediationofgeologicalhazards 地质灾害 3 Whicharemainlyconcernedwiththegeologicalproblemsencounteredincivilengineering Itsmaintasksistoinvestigateandevaluatethegeologicalengineeringproblems providethebasicinformationfortheplan designandconstructionofthecivilengineering 2Thepositionofengineeringgeologyinthecivilengineeringcoursesystem 工程地质在土木学科体系中的位置 Corecourse 基础课程 Differentialandintegral algebra probabilityandstatistics engineeringmath Physics ChemicalTechnologicalcorecourse 专业基础课程 Surveying engineeringmapping materials surveying engineering 工程测量 engineeringgeology 工程地质 soil rock mechanics 岩土力学 theoreticalmechanics materialmechanics structuremechanics elasticorplastic 弹塑性 hydrolicmechanics 水力学 Specializedcourse 专业课程 concretestructure 砌体结构 steelstructure 钢结构 roadengineering 道路工程 thedesignofroadsurvey 道路勘测设计 bridgeengineering 桥梁工程 trafficengineering 交通工程 foundationengineering 基础工程 constructiontechnology building 施工技术 engineeringmanagementandbudgetestimation engineeringbiddingrehabilitation building brigde road 工程招投标 3themainsubstanceaboutengineeringgeology 工程地质学研究的具体内容 ThepurposeofstudyingGEistoprovidegoodgeologicalenvironmentforengineeringortoevaluateandforecasttheengineeringgeologicalproblemsthatmayoccurredintheperiodoftheservicetime 服务期 ofthebuilding onthisbase togivetheeffectiveengineeringpreventionmethods thestudyabouttopographyandlandforms 地形地貌 thestudyaboutthefundamentalengineeringproperties physicalandmechanics ofsoilsandrock 岩土工程性质 geologicalstructure 地质构造 GeologicalEnvironment GeologicalCondition 地质环境和地质条件的含义 4theimportanceofGE 学习意义 hydrogeology 水文地质 地下水条件 theanalysesofengineeringgeologicalproblems 工程地质问题分析 theengineeringinvestigation 工程勘察 5Demands requirements 要求 1tomasterthebasicconceptaboutEG2tocomprehendthemaingeologicalproblemsoccurredinengineering knowingthathowtheproblemshappened howcanwepreventit 3classdiscipline4finishthehomeworkontime Chapter1Thebasicinformationofearth第一章地球的基本知识 SECTION1 1Innerstructureofearth第一节地球的内部结构 ThisregionisthincomparedtotheotherlayersintheEarth Itvariesinthicknessfrom10kmdeepto65kmdeep Thecrustismadeupoflighterrocksthat float ontopofthemantle Thislayerincludesthecontinentsaswellastherockundertheoceans wehavebuiltmanydeepminesbutNONEhaveyetreachedthemantle TheCrust 地壳 软流圈 岩石圈 上地慢 有关岩石圈 lithosphere StructureoftheEarth scrustandtopmostlayeroftheuppermantle 上地慢 Thelithosphere 岩石圈 consistsoftheoceaniccrust continentalcrust anduppermostmantle Beneaththelithosphereistheasthenosphere 软流圈 Thislayer whichisalsopartoftheuppermantle extendstoadepthofabout200kilometers Sedimentarydepositsarecommonlyfoundattheboundariesbetweenthecontinentalandoceaniccrust Thisregionliesunderthecrustandisapproximately2900kmthick Themantleismuchdenserthanthecrust whichiswhythecrustfloatsontop andhasatexturemuchliketar Therockinthisregionisrichincompoundsmadefromiron magnesium andsiliconwhichaccountsforwhyitisdenserthanthecrust TheMantle 地幔 Thisregionisdividedintotwoparts TheouterpartiscalledtheOuterCore Itisabout2100kmthickandmadeofliquidnickelandiron TheinnerpartiscalledtheInnerCoreanditistherealcentreoftheEarth Thispartisabout2800kmindiameterandismadeofsolidironandnickel TheCore SECTION1 2PlateStructureTheory第二节板块构造理论 1PacificPlate 太平洋板块 2NorthAmericanPlate 北美板块 3SouthAmericanPlate 南美板块 4EurasianPlate 欧亚板块 5AfricanPlate 非洲板块 6IndoAustralianPlate 澳印板块 7AntarcticPlate 南极州板块 1PacificPlate2NorthAmericanPlate3SouthAmericanPlate4EurasianPlate5AfricanPlate6IndoAustralianPlate7AntarcticPlate 板块构造理论 板块的形成 大陆漂移 海底扩张理论 TheoryofOceanFloorSpreading 海底扩张的证据 沉积物的年龄 海底扩张的结果 喜马拉雅山的形成 海沟的形成 岩石循环的概念 SECTION1 3 TheconceptofGeologicalAction function 第三节地质作用的概念 2TheclassificationoftheGeo Action 地质作用分类 1 outer dynamicsgeologicalaction 外动力地质作用 dynamicsourceisfromthesun gravity attractionforcebetweensunandmoon Weathering 风化作用 theRockisdestroyedattheplacewhereitwasformedbecauseoftheouterdynamics Erosion 剥蚀作用 Rockbody岩体isseparatedfromitsmotherrock 母岩 becauseofthewater wind glacier Carrying 搬运作用 theprocessthatrockiscarriedfromoneplacetoantherplace Becauseof Sedimentation 沉积作用 theprocessinwhichthecarryingmaterialssinktothebottomofgroundwhenthepowerofgravityofthematerialsisbiggerthanthecarryingforce Rock formationaction 成岩作用 theprocessthatthematerialssunktogroundsurfacetobecomehardorsolidrockbody Crustmovement 地壳运动 B Magmatism magmaticactivities 岩浆作用 magmaticintrusionandvolcaniceruption Earthquake 地震作用 2 Inner dynamicsgeologicalac