英语句子特征及句子成分.ppt

Lesson7英语句子特征及句子成分 Objectives 认知句子的基本特征 学会分析句子成分 Whichoneisasentence 1 Favoriteplayerfootballismyhe 2 Heismyfavoritefootballplayer 句子 概念 单词和词组按照各自的词性所表示的功能 按照一定的模式排列起来 表达一个相对完整的意思 这就是句子 特征 一个句子 一个句号 一个句子中只有一个或者几个并列的谓语动词 其他的动词都要用非谓语动词的形式运用到从句中去 tododoingdone 句子成分 定义 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分 分别为主语 谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语和同位语 主语 一般位于句首 是一个句子所叙述的主体 是动作的执行者 主语可由名词 代词 数词 不定式 动名词和主语从句等表示 例如 1 Countrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopularduringthe1990s 2 WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass 3 Twoplustwoisfour 4 Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure 5 Tellingjokesisagoodwaytomakegirlshappy 6 Whathesaidistrue 7 Itisnecessarytolearnaforeignlanguage 名词 代词 数词 不定式 动名词 主语从句 it作形式主语 真正的主语为后面的不定式 谓语 1 Hepracticesrunningeverymorning 2 Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks 3 Hehascaughtabadcold 4 Studentsarepreparingforanimportantexam 5 Smokingdoesharmtothehealth 6 Thatheisthewinnersurprisesus 找出下列句子中的主语 一般放在主语之后 表述主语的动作或状态 有时态和语态的变化 通常由动词或动词短语充当 表语 表语一般位于系动词之后用以说明主语的身份 特征和状态 表语一般由名词 代词 形容词 数词 不定式 动名词 介词短语 副词及表语从句表示 系动词 1 be动词2 感官动词 look smell taste sound feel3 become go turn seem appear 找出下列句子的系动词及表语 OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican Isityours Theweatherhasturnedcold 4 Helooksveryangry 5 Sheappearsyoung 6 HisjobistoteachEnglish 7 Thecaketastesgood 8 Timeisup 9 Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad 宾语 1 Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave Ihavefive 2 WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass 3 Hepracticesrunningeverymorning 4 Studentsarepreparingforanexam 5 Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic 6 Iguessthatheisournewteacher 宾语一般位于动词和介词后面 表示动作的承受者 通常由名词 代词 数词 动名词 不定式或从句充当 注 双宾语 间接宾语 直接宾语 例如 1 Pleaselendmeyourdictionary2 Shetellsmejokes 3 Wegivethemsomemoney 跟双宾语的动词 give tell buy bring lend show wish send owe 欠 请把我的外套带过来 妈妈给我买了本书 Pleasebringmemycoat MyMomboughtmeabook 宾语补足语 将宾语没有表达完整的意思补充完整 用来对宾语进行补充和说明 可由形容词 副词 名词 不定式 分词 介词短语和从句充当 HisfathernamedhimDongming Theypaintedtheirboatwhite Letthefreshairin Hetoldustostay Wesawherenteringtheroom Wefoundeverythingingoodorderinthelab 定语 修饰 限定名词或代词 说明名词或代词的特征 性质或范围的成分 通常由形容词 名词 数词 介词短语 动名词 不定式或从句充当 1 Guilinisabeautifulcity 2 Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool 3 HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised 4 Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout 想出 算出 5 ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn 状语 修饰动词 形容词 副词或整个句子 说明动词发生的时间 地点 原因 条件 方式 程度 目的 结果等状况的句子成分 通常由副词 介词短语 非谓语动词 状语从句或某些形容词充当 1 Lighttravelsmostquickly 2 Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears 3 Notknowingheraddress Ican twritetoher 4 Waitaminute 5 Onceyoubegin youmustcontinue 1 Howaboutmeetingagainatsix 2 Lastnightshedidn tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain 3 Ishallgothereifitdoesn train 4 MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor 5 Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare 6 Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand 7 Inordertocatchupwiththeothers Imustworkharder 状语的种类 时间状语 原因状语 条件状语 地点状语 方式状语 伴随状语 目的状语 8 Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately 9 Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold 10 Iamtallerthanheis 结果状语 让步状语 比较状语 1 Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus 2 Hehandedmethenewspaper 3 Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass 4 WhatabeautifulChinesepainting 5 Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning 6 Hisjobistotrainswimmers 7 Theapplestastedsweet8 Hesatthere readinganewspaper 9 WenamedourbabyTom 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分 Homework 过度教材P12Exercise1 2 7 HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing 10 11 Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime 13 HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish 14 Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay 15 Tobehonest yourpronunciationisnotsogood 16 Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress 17 18 Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy 19 Henoticedamanentertheroom 二 用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语 谓语 宾语 Ihopeyouareverywell I mfine buttired RightnowitisthesummervacationandI mhelpingmyDadonthefarm Augustisthehottestmonthhere Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm Althoughthefarmislarge myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden Itdoesn toftenraininthesummerhere Asaresult wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden 三 用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语 状语 补语 MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty evenatharvesttime Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside It sgreat Americanseatalotofmeat toomuchinmyopinion Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer Idon t becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina Well Imuststopandgetsomesleep Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents 四 选择填空 1 willleaveforBeijing A NowtherethemanB ThemanherenowC ThemanwhoisherenowD Themanisherenow 2 Theweather A wetandcoldB iswetandcoldC notwetandcoldD werewetandcold 3 Theappletasted A sweetsB sweetlyC nicelyD sweet 4 Hegotup yesterdaymorning A latelyB lateC latestD latter 5 Theactor attheageof70 A deadB diedC dyedD deaded 6 wereallverytired butnoneof wouldstoptotakearest A We usB Us weC We ourD We we 7 Hefoundthestreetmuch A crowdB crowdingC crowdedD crowdedly 8 Ithink necessarytolearnEnglishwell A itsB itC thatD thatis 9 Thedog mad A looksB islookedC isbeinglookedD waslooked 10 Iwillneverforgettheday Ijoinedthearmy A thatB whenC inwhichD where 二 简单句 并列句和复合句 一 句子种类两种分类法1 按句子的用途可分四种 1 陈述句 肯定 否定 Heissixyearsold Shedidn thearofyoubefore 2 疑问句 一般 特殊 选择 反意 Dotheylikeskating Howoldishe Ishesixorsevenyearsold Marycanswim can tshe 3 祈使句 Becareful boys Don ttalkinclass4 感叹句 Howclevertheboyis 2 按句子的结构可分三种 1 简单句 只有一个主语 或并列主语 和一个谓语 或并列谓语 e g HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning TomandMikeareAmericanboys Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers 2 并列句 由并列连词 and but or等 或分号 把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成 e g Youhelphimandhehelpsyou Thefutureisbright theroadistortuous 前途是光明的 道路是曲折的 3 复合句 含有一个或一个以上从句的句子 复合句包含 名词性从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 定语从句和状语从句等 e g TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall 二 简单句的五种基本句型 1 主语 系动词 表语 e g Heisastudent 2 主语 不及物动词 e g Wework 3 主语 及物动词 宾语 e g Henryboughtadictionary 4 主语 及物动词 双宾语 间接宾语 直接宾语 e g Myfatherboughtmeacar 5 主语 及物动词 复合宾语 宾语 宾补 e g Tommadethebabylaugh 注 其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展 变化或省略而构成 三 并列句的分类 1 表示连接两个同等概念 常用and notonly butalso neither nor then等连接 e g Theteacher snameisSmith andthestudent snameisJohn 2 表示选择 常用的连词有or either or otherwise等 e g Hurryup oryou llmissthetrain 3 表示转折 常用的连词有but still however yet while when等 e g Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting 4 表示因果关系 常用的连词有so for therefore等 e g Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark 练习二 简单句 并列句和复合句 一 判断下列句子是简单句 并列句还是复合句 1 WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon 2 TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom 3 Thereisachairinthisroom isn tthere 4 MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening 简单句 复合句 简单句 简单句 5 HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo 6 Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild 7 Neitherhashechangedhismind norwillhedoso 8 Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant isn tit 9 Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree 10 BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic 并列句 复合句 并列句 复合句 简单句 简单句 二 判断下列短文中各句是简单句 并列句还是复合句 Ihopeyouareverywell I mfine buttired RightnowitisthesummervacationandI mhelpingmyDadonthefarm Augustisthehottestmonthhere Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm Althoughthefarmislarge myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden Itdoesn toftenraininthesummerhere Asaresult wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden 复合句 简单句 并列句 简单句 并列句 简单句 并列复合句 简单句 复合句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty evenatharvesttime Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside It sgreat Americanseatalotofmeat toomuchinmyopinion Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer Idon t becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina Well Imuststopandgetsomesleep Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents 简单句 复合句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 简单句 三 选择填空 1 Givemeonemoreminute I llbeabletofinishit A andB orC ifD so2 It sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate A hasn theB isn theC isn titD hasn tit3 joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain A HowB WhatC WhataD Whatan 4 Letuspass A shan tweB shallweC won tweD willyou5 Isupposehe sserious A doIB don tIC isheD isn the6 Youhadbetternotsmokehere A willyouB hadyouC shallyouD haveyou7 Trainashardasyoucan you llwintheswimmingcompetition A thenB butC andD or 8 I msorrytohavetosaythis youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroomlastnight A andB butC soD because9 Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest and A Henryhasn ttooB HenryalsohasnoteitherC neitherHenryhasD neitherhasHenry10 Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice Someloveclimbing othersenjoyswimming A orB forC whileD so11 Doyoufeellikegoingout wouldyouratherhavedinnerathome I dliketogoout A orB andC butD so 12 isthetemperaturetoday It s38degrees A WhichB HowC HowhotD Howhigh13 Youruncleisn tanengineer ishe A Yes heisn tB No heisn tC No heisD Heis14 friendly toeveryone A How issheB What issheC How sheisD What sheis15 Marywenttobedearly shefeltverytired A orB soC forD yet 16 Mother adresswhenshecutherfinger A wasmakingB makesC ismakingD made17 Helayinbed readsomethingborrowedfromlibrary A butB andC orD yet18 I dreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo whatyouwantandIcangetitforyou A TellmeB IfyouwouldsaytomeC YouwilltellmeD Ifyoutellme19 Asheisstrong canliftonehundredpounds A yetheB butheC andD he 20 Ithoughtyouhadanumbrella Ihad I velostit A sinceB butC becauseD so21 downtheradio thebaby sasleepinthenextroom A TurningB ToturnC TurnedD Turn22 Idon tlikechicken fish Idon tlikechicken Ilikefishverymuch A and andB and butC or andD or but23 Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight I dliketo I mtoobusy A andB soC asD but 24 Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee shallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway A andB thenC orD otherwise25 Shesetoutsoonafterdark homeanhourlater A arrivingB toarriveC havingarrivedD andarrived26 Can tyouread Marysaid tothenotice A angrilypointingB andpointangrilyC angrilypoi