北师大版高中英语必修3Unit 7词汇笔记讲解.doc

Warm up & Lesson 1 1、voyage, journey, travel, trip, tour 旅行voyage多指航海、航空之旅On the voyage home, they were caught in a stormjourney指有“预定地点”的旅行，多强调长距离的陆上旅行Well make journey to Shanghai for the Expo by traintravel旅行的总称，泛指各种无目的地的旅行，多用于长途We had ten days travel in our cars this summer.trip短途或往返旅行，在口语中可与journey互换The Smiths often take a weekend trip to the seaside.tour既指参观数处的漫游，巡游或周游，也指参观某一具体地的短途旅行，常合有回到原地的意思Its reported that Madonna will be on a concert tour in 2012.1）I made a five-month _ of India and the Far East. A tour B travel C journey D voyage2. choose, select, pickchoose 任意选择，（尤其是两者之间）choose.from .从.中选择 select 仔细考虑选择（强调多者间鉴别） pick 口语化选择（不涉及愿意与鉴别）3. as many as ( + 数词+可数名词复数)，“多达.”类似的还有：as much as 多达，as far as 远达，as high as 高达 The great fire burned down as many as twenty buildings. as much as + 数词 + 可数名词复数，表示金钱、距离、时间、重量、水量、热量等各方面的程度或数量，也表多达 Most of the stones weigh as much as 15 tons. as much as 还可以用来修饰动词，而as many as 则不能。 You can eat as much as you can 4 get (sb.) into trouble (使某人) 陷入麻烦之中be in trouble 处于困境中，有麻烦 ask for trouble 自找麻烦take the trouble to do sth. 尽力做某事 there be / have trouble (in ) doing sth. 做某事有困难5 follow v. 跟随，跟在后，沿着.走，明白，领会；听从，服从 as follows 如下 The results are as follows. 结果如下 follow around/ about 到处跟随 follow through 坚持到底，执行 follow up 跟进，采取后续行动1 用signal,sign,symbol, mark , symptom 填空 1) Dark clouds are usually a _ of rain. 2) A red light is usually a _ of danger. 3) The cross is the _ of Christianity. 4) Cigarettes can aggravate ( 使严重) the _ of a cold. 5) I put a _ in the margin . ( 页边空白) to remind me to check the figure.2. 1） matter (1) 要紧，重要，有关系 matter通常用于疑问句或否定句中。 (2) nC事情，问题 It is a matter of life-and-death for them. as a matter of fact = in fact实际上，事实上 a matter of的问题1) I cant say which wine is best its a (n) _ of personal taste. A affair B event C matter D variety2) Dad, Toms broken a glasses ! - _. Accidents will happen.A No way B Doesnt matter C No trouble at all D Dont mention it4. (1) set sail启航 sail n乘船航行；vi. （船）航行，开船，驾驶（或乘坐）帆船航行 sailing n帆船运动，（乘帆船的）航行 The ship is sailing for England， Sailing is loved by a lot of peoplesail for(船)驶向 head for朝（方向）前进，（船等）驶向leave for动身去 set out for动身去，启程去 start for动身去 关于set的常用结构 set about着手处理，开始做 set out动身，打算，开始 set aside搁置，取消，留出 set down放下，记下 set fire to使燃烧，纵火烧 set foot on/in登上，涉足 set off动身，出发，使爆炸 set up建立，创立 作“开始做”讲时，set about后接名词或动名词，而set out后接动词不定式。 She set about answering letters as soon as she arrived at the office. They succeeded in what they set out to do. (2) achieve vt完成，实现，达到（目的等） achievement n完成，达到，成就，成绩 He will never achieve anything if he doesnt work hard. Hes lucky enough to have achieved such great progress achieve success获得成功 achieve victory取得胜利achieve ones purpose达到某人的目的 achieve ones aim / goal实现某人的目标 (1)I can hardly imagine Peter _across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. Adriving Bto sail Csailing Dto drive(2) For all these years I have been working for others. Im hoping Ill _my own business some day. Aturn up Bfix up Cset up Dmake up(3) Flying across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time is a great_ Apace Bachievement Cprogress Dnew (4) Congradulations to you _ such a complete victory. A for achievving B on achieving C to achieve D of achieving 5. control vt控制，支配；nU控制，管理 be out of control失去控制 be under the control of受的控制 be in control of控制着 be in the control of受的控制1） He is in _control of the company. I mean, the company is in _control of him. Athe;/ B,the Cthe；the D：6. further (1) adv，更远，较远；进一步，进一层 We must go further into the question (2) adj 较远的；更进一步的，更多的 Have you anything further to add? (3) adv，而且，此外 We must do our work faster, and further better. (4) vt促进，推进，助长 He went abroad to further his study farther-farthest多指具体的距离“较远”，“最远”。 far further-furthest多指程度上“进一步”，“最深”等抽象意义。 （1）The Chinese Education Department suggests teachers should take_ education to catch up with the_ development. Afarther：late Bfarther; later Cfurther；lately Dfurther latest7. (1) according to根据，依照 According to my watch，its four oclock according as依照，取决于 You may go or stay according as you decide. according to后接名词、名词性短语或从句，according as后接从句。according to不能和人称代词的宾格及opinion等连用。 accord n条约，协议；vi 相符合，相一致；vt授予，赠予 accordingly adv.相应地，因此 according to与by 两者都有“依照，根据”的意思，但其用法有所区别： 指依据非常确定的事物（如the clock，the voice，the appearance，the smell等）时，by和according to可换用。 By/According to my watch，it is 10：00 by不能用于指“人”的词前，according to不能和me，opinion等连用。 Dont judge a person by his looks (2) get into trouble遇到麻烦，出事了 asking/looking for trouble自找麻烦 be in trouble有麻烦，有困难 get sbinto trouble使某人陷入困境 Watch out, you cant get her into trouble. trouble vt使忧虑，使烦恼 trouble sb( to do sth)打扰某人（做某事） (3) commit vt . 犯（罪、错等），做（坏事） vt. 花（钱或时间） commit oneself to( doing) sth. 承担义务做某事，承诺做某事 commit some money/time to( doing) sth 花费一些金钱或时间做某事在某事上 commit a crime 犯罪 commitment n. 承诺，已承诺（或同意）的事(1) _his grades, he is a hard-working student. A. Judged from B. Judged by C. According to D. According as(2) A great man shows his greatness _the way he treats little men. Aunder Bwith Con Dby(3) -Sorry to _you, but could I ask a quick question? -No problem Aworry Bprevent Ctrouble Ddisappoint (4) The council has _large amounts of money to housing projects. A. committed B. spent C. cost D. taken8. persuade (1) vt. 说服，劝服 You might be able to persuade him你也许能说服他。 persuade sb. into/out of doing sth.(=argue/talk sb. into/out of doing sth.)说服某人做不做某事 persuade sbto do sth说服某人做某事 persuade sbof sth使某人相信某事 persuade sbthat.伎某人相信 (2) vi被说服 persuade, convince与advise (1) persuade和convince的意思均为“说服”；前者着重情感上的“敦促，劝告”，后者着重理智方面的“辩证，证明”。两者都可用于以下结构： persuade/ convince sb. that. persuade/ convince sb. to do sth. persuade/ convince sb. of sth. He persuaded me that the book was not worth buying. (2) persuade和convince都表示结果，即“说服了”；若表示“说服”或“劝说”的动作，常用try to persuade/convince，也可用advise来表示。 I tried to persuade/ I advised him to start early but he didnt listen. 1) While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A to persuade B persuading C being persuaded D be persuaded 2) How did you manage to _? A persuade him stopping smoking B persuade him to stop to smoke C persuade him out of smoking D persuade him to smoke 3) There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. A being persuaded B persuading C to be persuaded D to persuade9. make it做成某事，获得成功 I just made it to the washroom before throwing up. I never thought she would make it as an actress. get it懂得，理解，明白 catch it受惩罚，受斥责 Oh,the paper is supposed to go in this side up.I get it. You will catch it if your mother finds out. (1)I wonder how you managed to _since there was only half an hour to go before you set off for the airport.A make that Bmake it Cdo it Ddo that10. in search of寻找，寻求 They started off at once in search of the missing girl. search for寻找 searchater探索，寻找 search out找出，查出 search.for.搜查以寻找 in a search for寻找 search,search for,search.for与in search of (1) search为及物动词，表示“搜查（某人或某地方）”。Search sp. / sb. 搜查某地/ 搜某人的身 (2) search后接介词for，表示花费极大的气力去“搜寻，寻找（某个特定的目标）”，含有look for的意思。 (3) search与for分开，为search.sb./sp. for，for后接具体的事物名词，表示“（在某地或在某人身上）搜寻（某东西）”。 (4)in search of为短语介词，多表示目的，常译作“为了寻找或寻求”。 (1) The enemy searched the village _the Red Army man. Ain Bfor Cby Dof (2) They went out_food. A. in search of B.in a search of C.in search D.in search for (3) He searched_the book and handed it to me. Afor Bout Cthrough D./11. (1) eventually adv最终，终于 He worked so hard that eventually he made himself ill. She eventually passed her driving test. eventually与at last eventually意为“（作为结果而）终于（发生），最终”。 If the population goes on increasing at the present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left on earth to sustain human life. at last通常表示“（在长久等待以后）终于（发生）”。 At last the spring came after a long severe winter. (2)句中的in an unknown land为介词短语作宾语补足语。“find sb/sth.+宾补”是一个很常用的结构，其中宾补可用现在分词、过去分词、形容词、介词短语、名词、动词不定式等充当。 I find the book hard to understand. When he woke up he found himself in hospital. Her blood was found to contain poison (1) There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we _gave up. A. eventually B. unfortunately Cgenerously Dpurposefully(2)A cook will be immediately fired if he is found_in the kitchen. A smoke Bsmoking Csmokes Dsmoked 12 “介词+关系代词”在从句中的作用 (1)“介词+which”在从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when，where和why。 The factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. This is the reason for which(= why) he was put it prison. (2)“短语介词+which（指物）/whom（指人）”在从句中作地点状语，表示存在的关系，关系分句主谓常倒置。They arrived at a farm house in front of which sat a small boy. I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird. (3)“介词+which（指物）/whom（指人）”在从句中作目的、方式或地点状语，这种结构中的介词一般受动词或介词后的名词制约。 Could you tell me for whom youve bought this coat? The man, from whom I learned the news,is an engineer. (4)“介词by+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”用于被动结构的从句中，在从句中作状语，说明动作的发出者。 The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot. The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter. (5)“介词of+ which“在从句中作后置定语，代替前置定语“whose” He mentioned a book,the title of which(= whose title) Ive forgotten. (6)“介词+which（指物）/whose（指人）”修饰后面的名词。 It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces. The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the map. (7)“不定代词或数词+介词of+ which（指物）/whom（指人）”在从句中作主语，说明整体中的部分。 China has a lot of islands,one of which is Taiwan. There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film. (1) He was educated at the local high school，_he went on to Beijing University.Aafter which Bafter that Cin which Din that(2) For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further,_New York is an example. Afor which Bin which Cof which Dfrom which (3) Have you seen the book _is yellow?Athe cover of it Bwhich cover Cthe cover of which Dwhichs cover13. 引导名词性从句的what，可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 (1)具有疑问代词性质的what，意为“什么，什么样的”。 I dont know what he needs. （what在宾语从句中作宾语） (2)在名词前表示感叹的what，意为“多么”。 Only then did I recognise what silly mistakes I had made.（定语）(3)具有关系代词性质的what，意为“的”。what在此相当于“the+名词+that”或者all that，既包含了先行词也包含了关系代词。 What (= The thing that) happened after that was interesting.（what在主语从句中作主语） China is no longer what (= the China that)it used to be.（what在表语从句中作表语） The boy dived into water and after what(= the time that) seemed to be a long time,he came up again.(宾语从句中作主语)(l)You can only be sure of_you have at present;you cannot be sure of something_you might get in the future. Athat：what Bwhat； Cwhich：that D；that (2) The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make_it is. A. what B.which C.how D.where(3) _was most important to her, she told me, was her family. AIt BThis CWhat DAs14.be known as作为而出名，被认为是 1）Beijing is known as the capital of China2）Lu Xun was known as the greatest writer of China in tne 1920s and 1930s. be known for因而出名 unknown adj. 不知道的，未知的（同义词：unfamous） be known to为所熟悉 an unknown number 一个未知数 make onself known to对作自我介绍 an unknown author 一位无名作者 as is well known众所周知 (1) _a famous artist,he follows his old way of life. AKnowing as BKnown as C. Known for D.To known of(2)_is well known, Chinas entry into WTO has as great a meaning to China as it does to the whole world. AIt BWhat CAs DWhich15. deed n行为，行动 good/evil deeds好坏事 We all consider that you did a good deed.do a good deed做一件好事in deed实际上 It is not difficult to do a good deed,but its difficult to do good deeds in life in name but not in deed名义上而不是实际上 (1) _are better than words ADeeds BDeed CThings DDead16apologise vi道歉 apologist n辩护者 apology n道歉，认错 apologise for( doing) sth.为（做）某事表示歉意 apologise to sb. for( doing) sth为（做）某事向某人道歉 make/offer an apology to sbfor( doing) sth因（做）某事而向某人道歉 (1) I must apologise _ not being able to meet you. A. to . B. at C. with D. forLesson 2 & Lesson 3 1 protect vt.保护，保卫 protection nU保护 sb. /sth. from+n protect sb./oneself from +doing 保护.不受.的危害 A against B under the protection of在的保护下 “阻止做某事”的几种表达 prevent.( from) doing sth. protect.from doing sth stop.( from) doing sth. keep.from doing sth 上述短语中，protect.from doing sth.和keep.from doing sth中的from不能省略，其他两个短语中的from可以省略。 (1) The white blood cells protect theJ body_germs. Afrom attacking Bfrom being attacked C from being attacked by D attacked by 2 pollution n污染 air pollution 空气污染 the pollution of atmosphere大气污染 pollute vt.使污染 polluted adj. 被污染的，被玷污的 polluter n 污染者，污染源 （1） -Why does the lake smell terrible? -Because large quantities of water_. A. have polluted B.is being polluted C. has been polluted D.have been polluted3. deal with(1)与做买卖 Weve been dealing with Mr Wang for many years. (2)对付 The person is hard to deal with(3)处理，安排 Hes able to deal with all kinds of troublesome cases. (4)论述，涉及 That book deals with Asian problems. how通常与deal with连用，what通常与do with连用。How can we deal with this problem? = What can we do with this problem? （1） With the world changing fast,we have something new _with all by ourselves every day.A. deal B. dealt C to deal Ddealing4make sure搞清楚，弄明白，确保 be sure that.确信，确保 be sure of/about对确信，对有把握 be sure to do 一定做 do sth. for sure肯定做某事，确定做某事(1)上述短语中的sure都可用certain代替，但在It is certain that.句型中，只能用certain，不能用sure。(2)be sure of/about/that.的主语多为人，意指“（主语）相信确信(l)-Can you show me Mr Jaffers office，please? -Sure. But I am_if he is in at the moment. Acertain Bnot know Cnot sure Dsure(2) He always works hard. It is _that hell pass the exam. Asure Bcertain Csurely Dcertainly5. remind vt使想起，提醒 remind sbto do sth.提醒某人做某事 remind sb. that.使某人想起 remind sbof sth使某人想起某事recall sth. to sb.使某人想起某事 warn sbof sth警告某人某事inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事 accuse sbof sth控告某人某事 reminder为名词，意思是“提示convince sb of sth使某人相信某事 suspect sbof sth.怀疑某人某事 使某人回想起某事的人或物”。(1) In our childhood, we were often_ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners. Ademanded Breminded Callowed Dhoped(2)Remind me_Alan before I go out. Ato phoning Bto phone Cphoning Dphone(3) The picture reminds me_my school days. Aof Bfrom Con Dto6(1) disappear vi消失，不见，绝迹，失踪 appear vi出现，露面(=turn up)(2) altogether adv 完全，全部 总而言之，总之 总共，一共 altogether作“完全，全部”讲时，与not连用表示部分否定。 altogether与all togetheraltogether表示“总共”、“总之”或“完全地”；all together表示“一起，同时”。 Altogether，I consider it wrong. Were all together again (1) Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage_the girl and took her away,_into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared Bseized；disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing7 solution n. 解决办法 常与to 搭配 the key to the door the way to the schoolthe answer to the question 电影院的入口_问题的解决办法_7 (1)It+ be+ adj.n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth句型 It is necessary to go over it again. Its our duty to help you. (2) responsible adj.有责任的，应负责任的 for sb be responsible for sth 对.负责 for doing sthHe is my son and Im responsible for him. Who is responsible for the mess? responsible作前置定语与作后置定语意思不同。 a responsible person 一个可信赖的人可靠的人 the person responsible负责人，主管人 (l) It is_for him to come tomorrow morning. A.perhaps B.possibly C.probably D.likely (2) Our efforts resulted_failure.I feel Im also responsible_it. Ain to Bfrom to Cin for Dfrom for8. real adj 真正的，真实的 reality n事实，现实 real,actual,true与practical(l)real“真的，真正的”，actual“实际上的，确实的”，这两个词很多时候可以通用。 What are your real/actual relations withJohn? 但从下面的句子中也可以看出二者稍有不同。 The actual value of labour in capitalist society doesnt represent the real value of labour. (2) true作“真的，真实的，符合事实的，真正的，严格意义上的”讲时，与real没有区别。 This was a tru