动词的时态和语态学案.doc

动词的时态和语态学案一、用所给单词的适当形式填空1. I think high school students should_ (give) pocket money2.The earth _ (go) around the sun.3.Black tea_(invent) in China more than 600 years ago4.There _ (be) more than 50 schools in our city next year.5.Parking _ (not allow) here.6.I _ (have) this bike for more than two years.动词的时态常考的各种时态的用法及构成时态用法构成时间状语例句一般过去时表示过去曾经发生的动作或存在的状态。动词的过去式yesterday, lastnight/Monday/week/month/year, in 2010,three monthsago, just now等。When I was a child, I oftenPlayed football in the street.当我还是个孩子时，我经常在街上踢足球。一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。shall/will动词原形；begoing to动词原形tomorrow,next year, intwo years，from now on,in the future等。They are going to havea sportsmeeting in a week.他们一周后要举行一场运动会。现在进行时表示说话时或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。is/am/are动词的现在分词(v.-ing)now, at themoment, atpresent，these days等。We are havingan Englishclass now.我们现在正在上英语课。过去进行时表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生的动作。was/were+动词的现在分词At this time yesterday, at 9 last night,from 7 to 9yesterdaymorningTheyWere watching TV at 7 last night.昨晚 7 点他们正在看电视。 注意：come, go, leave, arrive 等表示位置移动的动词可用现在进行时表示即将发生的或计划好的事情。如：Im leaving tomorrow.我明天动身。 动词的第三人称单数1一般情况直接加-s。如：stopstops looklooks readreads2以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾的动词加-es。如missmisses dodoes watchwatcheswashwashes fixfixes3以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i 再加-es。如：hurryhurries crycries carrycarries4be 动词的三种形式：am, is, are5特殊：havehas 动词的过去式和过去分词1规则动词：(1)一般情况直接加-ed。如：rainrained cleancleaned watchwatched(2)以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，只加-d。如：livelived likeliked movemoved(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed。如：dropdropped stopstopped planplanned(4)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，应变 y 为 i 再加-ed。 如：carrycarried studystudied crycried2不规则动词：不规则动词过去式和过去分词的变化规律性不强，只能分别记忆。 动词的现在分词1一般情况在词尾加-ing。如listenlistening dodoing studystudying2以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，去 e 加-ing。如：havehaving makemaking3以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ing。如：runrunning getgetting beginbeginning4以字母 ie 结尾的动词，变 ie 为 y 再加-ing。如：diedying lielying 现在完成时中的一些重要用法1短暂性动词和延续性动词短暂性动词可用于完成时态，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，也不能用于 how long引导的特殊疑问句中。如需使用，此时要将短暂性动词转换为延续性动词。如： borrowkeep diebe deadbuyhave joinbe a member of/be inbegin/startbe onfinish/endbe overcome/go/arrivebe in/atleavebe away (from)becomebeopenbe openclosebe closedsleepbe asleepmarrybe marriedreturnbe backget upbe up2have/has gone to, have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的区别(1)have/has gone to 强调“在去某地的路上或在某地”，人还未回来。如：Has he gone to Qingdao？他去青岛了吗？(2)have/has been to 强调“去过某地”，人已经回来了。如：Have you been to our town before?你以前曾经去过我们镇吗？(3)have/has been in 强调“一直待在某地”，常与一段时间连用。如：He has been in Guangzhou since 1989他自从 1989 年就待在广州了。3现在完成时和一般过去时的区别(1)现在完成时强调过去动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关；一般过去时仅强调在过去某一时刻曾经发生的动作，与现在无关。如：He has studied English for five years.他学英语五年了。(说明他现在还在学)He studied English for five years.他曾学过五年英语。(只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在学不学就不知道了)(2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。被动语态动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。中考考纲只要求考生掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时及含有情态动词的被动语态。被动语态的构成1一般现在时的被动语态肯定句：主语am/is/are过去分词其他否定句：主语am/is/arenot过去分词其他一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are主语过去分词其他？2一般过去时的被动语态肯定句：主语was/were过去分词其他否定句：主语was/werenot过去分词其他一般疑问句：Was/Were主语过去分词其他？3一般将来时的被动语态肯定句：主语will/shallbe过去分词其他否定句：主语will/shallnotbe过去分词其他一般疑问句：Will/Shall主语be过去分词其他？4一般现在时中含情态动词的被动语态肯定句：主语情态动词be过去分词其他否定句：主语情态动词notbe过去分词其他一般疑问句：情态动词主语be过去分词其他？被动语态的用法1当不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用被动语态。如：He was seen to go to the church.他被看到去了教堂。This bridge was founded in 1981这座桥于 1981 年竣工。2需强调或突出动作的承受者时常用被动语态。此时动作的执行者由 by 引导且置于谓语动词之后，也可省略。如：She is liked by everyone.她被每个人所喜爱。The novel was translated, read and filmed by people.这部小说被人们翻译、阅读并拍成电影。3.当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。The window was blown open by wind.窗户被风吹开了。4表示客观的说明常用“It is过去分词that 从句”句型。这类句型有：It is said that.据说It is known to all that.众所周知It is reported that.据报道It is believed that.大家相信5为了使句子简练，上下文紧凑、连贯，常使用被动语态。如：Apples are good for health and are liked by almost everyone.苹果对健康有益，几乎所有人都喜欢。When he was five, he was taught how to swim.五岁的时候，他就被教会如何游泳。6文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语也常使用被动语态。如：Teachers Wanted.招聘老师。(省略 are)Road Blocked.道路堵塞。(省略 is)注意：不及物动词( 短语 )happen/take place, appear,disappear, come true, come out 等无被动语态.主动语态表示被动意义1 系动词 look, sound, smell, taste, seem, turn, get, become等的主动结构表示被动意义(系动词无被动式)。如：The idea sounds great.这主意听起来不错。The flowers look beautiful.这些花看起来很漂亮。2动词不定式作定语时常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：I have a lot of homework to do every day.我每天都有很多作业要做。She has a letter to write.她有一封信要写。3need doing (need to be done)用主动形式表示被动意义。如：This shirt needs washing.This shirt needs to be washed. 这衬衫需要清洗了。 巩固练习)1.(2012 年广东)Hot water_ in the students flats from 5 p.m.to 7 p.m.now.A.supplies B.is supplied C.supplied D.was supplied)2.(2012 年广东)Our English teacher is very nice.We _ friends since three years ago.Awere Bbecame Chave been Dhave made)3.(2012 年广东)Jenny _ in the kitchen when you called her at 5 oclock this afternoon.Ais cooking Bwas cooking Ccooks DCooked)4.(2012 年广东广州)Ive got the final Harry Potter book.You will love it.I _ it twice already.A.am reading B.have read C.was reading D.will read)5.(2012 年广东佛山)The cleaners _ the street and it is quite clean now.Aare sweeping Bwill sweep Chave swept6.(2012 年广东佛山)Yang Liwei, a famous astronaut _ to Foshan in March, 2012.Acomes Bcame Cwas coming7.(2012 年广东佛山)Air must _ fresh all the time.Its good for our health.Akeep Bis kept Cbe kept)8.(2012 年广东河源)Heyuan develops so fast.Thats true.Great changes _ in Heyuan in the last few years.Ahave been taken place Btook place Ctake place Dhave taken place)9.(2012 年广东河源)In the old days, they _ in the factory from morning to night.Awere made to work Basked to workCmade to work Dwere asked for work)10.(2012 年广东梅州)Where is your father?He _ Australia and he _ Sydney for two weeks.Ahas been to; has been in Bhas gone to; has been inChas been in; has been to Dhas gone to; has been to)11.(2012 年广东茂名)This is No.9 Middle School.Its door _every day after school. Awas closed Bis closed Cclose12.(2012 年广东茂名)Have you seen Mike?He _ football on the sports field.Aplays Bis playing Cwill play)13.(2012 年广东深圳)Its said a pianist will performat Poly Theater on Friday evening.Is it Lang Lang? Yes, it _ him.He _ for a weekAmust be; has arrived here Bmaybe; has been hereCmust be; has been here Dmaybe; has arrived here)14.(2012 年广东深圳)What will you do _ the summer holiday? I think I shall watch London Olympic Games.It will _ in August.Aduring; be held Bat; holdCduring; hold Dat; be hold)15.(2012 年广东湛江)_ you _ your homework?Not yetADo; finish BHave; finished CDid; finish DAre; finished)16.(2012 年广东肇庆)Have all the students know that our class will visit Mountain Tai this afternoon?Yes.Every student _ about it.A. told Bwas told Chas told)17.(2011 年广东)Alan, its late.Why not go to bed?Jenny hasnt come back yet.I _ for her.A. waited Bhave waited Cam waiting Dwas waiting)18.(2011 年广东)People who drink wine _ to drive after May Day.A. dont allow Bisnt allowed Cmustnt allow Dmustnt be allowed19.(2011 年广东)Our math teacher _ in our school for 20 years and he _ here when he was 23 years old.A.has taught; has come B.taught; comesC.taught; came D.has taught; came)20.(2011 年广东广州)Yesterday evening, I _ along the street when I suddenly met my maths teacher.A.walk B.walked C.was walking D.am walking)21.(2011 年广东佛山)The Chinese Culture Day _ in New York City on April 20th, 2011.A.celebrated B.is celebrated C.was celebrated)22.(2011 年广东佛山)Most of the sandstorms in our country _ in spring, from March to May. A.happen B.Happens C.is happening)23.(2011年广东佛山)The Guangzhou Tower _ thousands of tourists since it was open to the publicA.attracts B.Attracted C.has attracted)24.(2011 年广东