英文版基础会计学.ppt

Lesson1IntroductionToAccounting TaskTeamofFUNDAMENTALACCOUNTINGBusinessSchool SunYat senUniversity 2 Outline Thenatureoffirm Thevalueofaccounting TheEvolutionofaccounting Accounting Abirdview 3 OpeningStory EveryonehereissupposedtoknowtheOutlawsoftheMarsh QuestionI Whoplaystheroleof CFO oftheMarshMountainLiang Therearetwo 4 OpeningStory Someotherpositionsrelatedtoaccounting 5 OpeningStory QuestionII WhydoestheMarshMountaionLiangneedsuchpositionsasCFOandChiefController WemustknowthatthetitleofSHUIHUZHUANisalsotranslatedasAllMenareBrothers 6 TheValueofAccounting Whydoesaccountingexistineveryorganization Iexplainthisquestioninanotherway whatkindofuniquevaluedoesaccountingpossess Thevaluemustbefundamentalandthesocietycouldnotgowithout Anotherwaytoexplain Darwinism Naturalselectionandthefittestsurvive 7 TheNatureofFirm Althougheveryorganizationneedsaccounting wejusttalkaboutenterpriseaccountingforsimplicity Whatisthenatureoffirm Wediscussabouthumannaturefirst 8 TheNatureofMan EthicMan HumanNature Virtuevs Evil Confucisvs HsunTzuEconomicMan ThereisnoethicsconceptinEconomists dictionary Itisnotfromthebenevolenceofthebutcher thebrewer orthebakerthatexpectourdinner butfromtheirregardstheirowninterest AdamSmith 9 TheNatureofMan Weneedacompoundanalyticaltool MaslowandtheHierarchyofNeeds themostcommontool MichaelJensenandWilliamMecklingREMMResourceful Evaluator Maximizer Model 10 TheNatureofFirm Classicaltheories Adevicetocapturetransactioncosts Anexusofcontracts Agencytheory EconomicDarwinism REMMperspective Acoalitionofeconomicmen 11 TheNatureofFirm Onthecoalitionofeconomicmen WhydoesREMMjoinafirm Maximizationofhisowninterests WhendoesREMMquitfromafirm Seekdifferentchancetomaximizehisowninterests WhenwedefinehumanbeingasREMM wehavetosolvethefundamentalissue HowdoesREMMtrusteachother 12 TheValueofAccounting Withouttrust wecouldnothaveevenafamily letaloneafirm 911andtheincreaseoftrustingcost REMMshavetofindefficientwaystodevelopandmaintaintrust Theyknowthattheyhaveto Theproblemishow 13 TheValueofAccounting Historically REMMshavecreatedandexperimentednumerousways Accountingisproventobecost effective Itissuitabletoallkindsoffirms Nomatteroftheirsize Nomatterofthegeographiclocations Nomatterofownership 14 TheEvolutionofAccounting Nowthataccountingisconnectedwithhumannatureandtrustingissue wemaytracethehistoryofaccountingtotheearlydaysofhumanbeings orPrimitiveSociety theIncasandQuipu 15 SumerandCUNEIFORMPhoenicianandALPHABET 16 TheEvolutionofAccounting WhydoourancestorsinventAlphabet Tobuildtrustingviaenhancedmemory ThisistherightvalueofAccounting ChronologyofspellingbySteveBett 3200BCWritingdevelopedasanextensionoftheaccountingsysteminBabylon ABritishaccountingscholarclaimed PhoenicianinventedALPHABETforthesakeofaccounting 17 TheEvolutionofAccounting Theprimitivestageofaccounting Atooltohelptomaintainthetrusts Alphabet numericandorganizationalcontrol 18 TheEvolutionofAccounting Thebirthofdouble entrybookkeeping A C LittletononthebirthofDEB AnotherstoryTheCrusaders 1095 1270 Italiancommodityeconomy developedbankbusiness DEB thesymbolofaccountingscience 19 TheEvolutionofAccounting FromBookkeepingtoFinancialAccountingCapitalmarket accountinginformationiswidelycirculated Themostcommonusers outsideofthereportingentity GAAP thesymboloftheconversion FinancialAccountingisalsocalledExternalAccounting 20 TheEvolutionofAccounting Industrialrevolutionandmodernmassmanufacturingprocess Businessprofitingmodelischanged Originally buylow sellhigh Now buyrawmaterials manufactureintoproductsandsellout Thedeterminationofthecostofmanufacturedproductsisessentialinprofitdetermination CostAccountingis invented 21 TheEvolutionofAccounting Fromcostaccountingtomanagementaccounting Morecomplicatedbusinessactivities Dynamicandkeep changingenvironment Muchlargerbusinessscale Decisionmaking muchmorecomplicated ManagementAccountingis invented 22 TheEvolutionofAccounting Fromcommoditymarkettocapitalmarket Thedevelopingofcapitalmarketraisestwoissues Effectivewaystoraiseandallocatecapital Trustcrisis WehaveCorporateFinanceandAuditingsubjectsrespectively 23 CorporateFinanceandAuditing 24 TheEvolutionofAccounting Accountingwillevolvewiththedevelopmentofeconomyandtechnology Theinventionofcomputeranditsadoptionintoaccountingpractice Reducestime effortandcostofrecord keeping Improvesclericalaccuracy Changesthewaywestore processandsummarizelargemassesofdata 25 TheEvolutionofAccounting WebsiteandInternet disseminationofaccountinginformation easyandnoincrementcost Internetbasedfinancialreportingsystem ExtensibleBusinessReportingLanguage XBRL wasdevelopedtoprovideuserswithanefficientandeffectivemeansofpreparingandexchangingfinancialinformationovertheInternet ExtensibleAssuranceReportingLanguage XARL wasdesignedtoenableassuranceproviderstoreportontheintegrityofinformationdistributedovertheInternetandhelpusersandcompaniesplacewarrantedrelianceonsuchinformationEventsaccounting maybere introducedunderinternetenvironment 26 TheEvolutionofAccounting SOXanditsimpactonaccounting EnronfiledforbankruptcyprotectinDecember3 2001 WorldComreportedbillionsoffalseprofitinJune 2002 Sarbanes OxleyActof2002wassignedbyPresidentBushandbecamealawinJune30 2002 Itmainlyfocusesonaccounting 27 TheBoundaryofAccounting Accounting aboundlessdiscipline Whatshouldaccountantssupposedtodo Forinstance thejobdescriptionofCFO Thejobdescriptionofchiefcontroller Nodefinitedefinition Nogenerallyacceptedprinciples 28 Whatshouldwedo 郭靖 纵身离开北斗星位 抢到 天璇 他此时武功已胜全真诸子 兼之精通阵法奥妙 一加推动 阵势威力大增 北斗阵本以 天权 为主 但他一入阵 枢纽移至 天璇 阵法立时变幻 Theimplicationtous 29 Youmayuseknowledgefreelyassoonasyoufindtheunderlyingregularity 30 Summary Thenatureoffirm contemporaryinterestcoalitionofREMM REMMshavet