英国文学课件(刘炳善版)ppt格式.ppt

2020 3 15 1 EnglishLiterature ForJuniors2006 1 5 2020 3 15 2 WhyLearnLiterature ItisjustacoursetogetscoresTomakeusmorecivilized qualifiedandknowledgeableToamuseourselvesandothersForfurtherstudy1 PostgraduateofEnglishandAmericanliteratureinFLinstitute2 PostgraduateofliteratureofforeigncountriesinChinesedepartmentresearchmore 2020 3 15 3 WhatandHowtoLearn NotmerelysatisfiedwiththetextbookLearningliteratureismuchmorethanreadingfamousworksorknowingsomeschoolsofliterature history philosophyandtheoriesofliteratureandartatleastBeanactivereader read thinkandwritesthonanauthororworkyouareinterestedinmost History philosophy psychology aestheticsandotherdisciplinestohelplearnliterature 2020 3 15 4 Contents PartIAncientLiterature beforetheMiddleAges PartIIMedievalLiteraturePartIIIRenaissanceLiteraturePartIVLiteraturein17thCentury Classicism PartVLiteraturein18thCentury Enlightenment PartVILiteraturein19thCentury Romanticism Realism Naturalismetc PartVIILiteratureattheturnof20thCentury Aestheticism Symbolismetc PartVIIILiteraturein20thCentury Realism Modernism Post modernism 2020 3 15 5 PartIAncientLiterature ComparedtothelonghistoryofEurope GBhasarelativelyshortone soitisimpossibletoknowwellthehistoryofEnglishliteraturewithoutknowingabouttheoneofEuropeThetwooriginsofEuropeanculture 二希 希腊 希伯来 theyareinteractiveaswellascontradictoryinthelonghistory1 Greco RomanElement2 Judeo ChristianElementTheideaofHumanismandalmostalltheartisticspiritsofthemodernliteratureinEuropeoriginatefromthemToexploretheorigin youwillfindtheanswersofmanyquestionsandmysteriesonliterature 2020 3 15 6 A GreekandRomanOrigin Man or human isthecoreandobjectofGreekandRomancultureToemphasizethat man oppositeto nature and society ispowerfulandwisethoughoftensubmissiveto fate ancientGreekliteraturesanghighlytoindividualismandaffirmthesecularlifeandthevalueofindividuallife 2020 3 15 7 A GreekandRomanOrigin ArtisticStyles GreekandRomanliteratureisthesourceofalmostalltypesofliteratureMyths GreekandRomanMythology Theyreflectedthelifeinthematriarchalandpatriarchalsociety OldPedigree Chaos UranusCronus Rhea Zeus PoseidonandHades 2020 3 15 8 A GreekandRomanOrigin NewPedigree MAJOR Zeus KingofOlympus Jupiter Hera Queen Juno Poseidon GodoftheSea Neptune Hades GodoftheUnderworld Pluto Hestia goddessoffamily Vesta Demeter goddessofagriculture Ceres Athena Goddessofwarandwisdom Minerva Apollo Godofthesun Apollo Ares Godofwar Mars Hephaestus Godoffire Vulcan Hermes Messenger Mercury Aphrodite Goddessoflove Venus Artemis Goddessofthemoon Diana 2020 3 15 9 A GreekandRomanOrigin MINOR Eros godoflove Cupid Dionysus godofwine Bacchus theGraces 3goddessesofamusement theMuses 9goddessesofliterature artandscience theFates 3goddessesoflifeanddeath 2 Epics Homer sepicsIliad thestoryofthe10 yearTrojanwar andOdyssey theadventureoftheheroOdyssey sreturninghomeandthereunionwithhisfaithfulwife 3 Fables Aesop sFables TheFoxandGrapes TheFarmerandtheSnake TheTortoiseandtheHare 2020 3 15 10 A GreekandRomanOrigin 4 Drama ItoriginatedfromthecelebrationsofDionysusthegodofwine Tragedy basedonthemythsandlegends 悲剧是将美好的东西毁灭给人看 threetragedians manyworksofthegreatpoetsandnovelistscomefromthem Aeschylus trilogyOresteia AgamemnonChoephoroi Eumenides PrometheusBoundSophocles Oedipustheking OedipusComplex Euripides Medea Jasonandthegoldenfleece Comedy Aristophanes Frogs Clouds Birds 2020 3 15 11 A GreekandRomanOrigin 5 Lyricpoetry Sappho thefirstwomanpoet waspraisedbyPlatoas the10thgoddessofliteratureandart Pindar knownforhisodes whichwasimitatedbyDryden Keatsetc 6 essays mainlyintheformofspeechesandphilosophyandhistoryworks Socrates Plato Aristotle Herodotus Thucydides 2020 3 15 12 A GreekandRomanOrigin 7 TheoriesofliteratureandartPlato DialoguesandRepublicPlatohasthefamousline Menhaveknowledgebecauseoftheexistenceofcertaingeneral ideas likebeauty truthandgoodness Onlytheseideasarecompletelyrealwhilethephysicalworldisonlyrelativelyreal SohisphilosophyiscalledIdealism Plato s theideaofinspiration 灵感说 hasgreatinfluenceonromanticismandmodernism 2020 3 15 13 A GreekandRomanOrigin Aristotle Ethics PoeticsandRhetoricHedifferedfromhisteacherPlatoinmanywaysHeemphasizeddirectobservationsofnatureandinsistedthattheoryshouldbebasedonfact Idea andmattertogethermadeupconcreteindividualrealities materialismHeacknowledgedtheinstructiveroleoftheliteratureandartHistheorieshasgreatinfluenceonrealism 2020 3 15 14 A GreekandRomanOrigin AncientRomanliteratureisthedirectinheritanceofGreekliterature RomanEmpireconqueredGreecemilitarilyandpoliticallybutwasconqueredculturally VirgilAeneidHoraceArtofPoeticsOvidMetaporphoses 2020 3 15 15 B Judeo ChristianOrigin TheBibleandChristianity WesternersgivetheirnamesoutoftheBible anddrawstoriesanddailyepigrams allusionsandproverbsfromit TheBibleisacollectionofreligiouswritingscomprisingtwoparts 1 TheOldTestament itisaboutGodandtheLawsofGodandconsistsof39books theoldestandmostimportantarePentateuch 摩西五经 or 律法书 Genesis 创世纪 areligiousaccountoftheoriginoftheworld ofman ofthecareerofIssacandthelifeofJacobandhissonJoseph 2020 3 15 16 B Judeo ChristianOrigin Exodus 出埃及记 areligioushistoryoftheHebrewsduringtheirflightfromEgypt theperiodwhentheybegantoreceiveGod slawLeviticus 利未记 acollectionofprimitivelawsNumbers 民数记 acontinuationoftheaccountotheflightfromEgyptandmorelawsDeuteronomy 申命记 thefinalwordsofMosestohispeople restatinghisordersandfiftyyear sexperiencesasaleaderitsbeliefs monotheism Jehovah Godistheonlyruleroftheworldandmanshouldbeabsolutelysubmissiveobedient 2020 3 15 17 B Judeo ChristianOrigin TheTenCommandments Youshallhavenoothergodsbeforeme Youshallnotmakeforyourselfacarvedimage anylikenessofanythingthatisinheavenabove orthatisintheearthbeneath orthatisinthewaterundertheearth youshallnotbowdowntothemorservethem YoushallnottakethenameoftheLORDyourGodinvain RemembertheSabbathday tokeepitholy 2020 3 15 18 B Judeo ChristianOrigin Honoryourfatherandyourmother thatyoursdaysmaybeprolonged Youshallnotmurder Youshallnotcommitadultery Youshallnotsteal Youshallnotbearfalsewitnessagainstyourneighbor Youshallnotcovetyourneighbor shouse youshallnotcovetyourneighbor swife norhismaleservant nothisfemaleservant norhisox norhisdonkey noranythingthatisyourneighbour s 2020 3 15 19 B Judeo ChristianOrigin 2 TheNewTestament ItisaboutthedoctrineofJesusChristandtellsaboutthebeginningofChristianityandincludesfourbigaccounts Gospels 福音书 includingMatthew sGospel Mark sGospel Luke sGospel andJohn sGospel fourofJesus earlyfollowers Theytellofthebirth teaching deathandResurrectionofJesus ActsoftheApostles 使徒行传 ahistoryoftheearlyChristianmovement 2020 3 15 20 B Judeo ChristianOrigin Epistles 使徒书信 letterstothechurchgroupsaroundtheMediterraneanRevelation 启示录 avisionaryaccountofthefinaltriumphofGod spurpose itsbeliefs Godisthecreatorandruleroftheworld somanshouldbeabsolutelysubmissivetogod ManshouldbelieveJesusisSonandsorepresentativeofGodandisthesavioroftheworld Believersshouldbealwayskindandadheretothetruthandthecreeds 2020 3 15 21 B Judeo ChristianOrigin ComparisonwithGreekmythologyHebrewculturevaluesthesoulinsteadoftheflesh thegroupvstheindividualandthenextlifevsthesecularlife HeroesinChristianliteraturearegodlymanwhileheroesinGreekmythologyaremanlygod Man sworshiptoGodwasalteredandextremizedintheMiddleAges 2020 3 15 22 B Judeo ChristianOrigin Assignments ReadtheminbothEnglishandChineseGreekMythologyBiblestoriesHomer sEpicsMoredetailsonAeschylus SophoclesandEuripidesAesop sFablesMoredetailsonPlato Aristotleandtheirworksandideas 2020 3 15 23 C OldEnglishLiterature OldEnglish orAnglo Saxon periodextendsfromthedestructionofRomanEmpiretotheNormanConquest Itisthelisteningtime sopeoplelearnedthehistoryandBiblestoriesfromsongsoftheminstrels bards Caedmon thefatherofEnglishsongEngland wasjustakingdomofGermanEmpire Soithadnohistory ormoreexactly itshistoryofthenativeCeltswasnotrecorded 2020 3 15 24 C OldEnglishLiterature BeowulfItisanAnglo Saxonnationalepic inalliterativeverse originatingfromthecollectiveeffortsoforalliterature originallyintheoralformin6thcenturyandthepresentonewrittenin10th Thetheme itissetinScandinavianandtellsofhisthreemajoradventures howtheherodefeatsthemonsterGrendelandGrendel smother theseamonsterandafire breathingdragon buteventuallyreceiveshisowndeath 2020 3 15 25 OldEnglishLiterature Analysisofthepoem Battleisawayoflife Strength courageandloyaltyarebasicvirtuesforbothkingsandwarriors Itshowshowtheprimitivepeoplewageheroicstrugglesagainstthehostileforcesofthenaturalworldunderawiseandmightyleader But theforcesofwyrd fate seemtocontrolman sdestinywithmysteriousomnipotence fatalism 2020 3 15 26 OldEnglishLiterature Artisticfeatures structuralalliteration RhymelessMetaphorsunderstatements 2020 3 15 27 PartII MedievalLiterature Appreciationofpoetry Versification 韵律 Foot 音步 aunitofpoeticmeterofstressedandunstressedsyllableMonometer Dimeter Trimeter TetrameterPentameter iambicpentameterThelandwasoursbeforeweweretheland s Hexameter ifiniambics itiscalledAlexandrinecharacterizedinPope s Heptameter octameter 2020 3 15 28 PartII MedievalLiterature Meter 格 theregularpatternofstressedandunstressedsyllables Iambic 抑扬格 Isawtheskydescendingblackandwhite Trochaic 扬抑格 Letherlivetoearnherdinner anapest 抑抑扬 Therearemanywhosaythatadoghashisday Dactyl 扬抑抑 Takeheruptenderly 2020 3 15 29 PartII MedievalLiterature Note Footisnottobeconfusedwithmeter thoughthenamesforfeetendwith meter Meterisbasedonsyllables indicatinghowstressedandunstressedsyllablesarearranged Footisappliedwithasingleline indicatinghowmanymetersareemployedinthatline 2020 3 15 30 PartII MedievalLiterature Stanza aunitoflinesrelatedCouplet 双韵 对偶句 stanzaoftwolines usu withend rhymes TheOctosyllabiccoupletisiambicortrochaictetrameter Heroiccouplet arhymingcoupletofiambicpentameter forin18thcenturyEngland itisoftenusedinepics Triplet 三行联句 Terzarima 三行体 athree linestanzalinkedbyrhymetothenextstanza ababcbcdcShelley s OdetotheWestWind 2020 3 15 31 PartII MedievalLiterature Quatrain 四行诗 Theheroicquatrainisiambicpentameterrhymingabab Rhymeroyal a7 linestanzaofiambicpentameter rhymingababbcc Chaucer sOttavarima 八行体 a8 lineiambicpentameter rhymingabababcc Spenserianstanza a9 linestanzarhymingababbcbccSonnet Englishsonnet 3quatrains 1couplet rhymingababcdcdefefggItaliansonnet octave sestet rhymingabbaabbacdecde Milton Wordsworth Keats 2020 3 15 32 PartII MedievalLiterature Blankverse unrhymediambicpentameterFreeverse rhythmicallinesvaryinginlength adheringtonofixedmetricalpattern usu unrhymed Rhythm itiscommunicatedbythearrangementofstressedandunstressedsyllables Rhyme therepetitionofthestressedvowelsoundandallsucceedingsoundsMeter foot metricalrhythm versification 2020 3 15 33 PartII MedievalLiterature ThelanguageofpoetryRhyme alliteration simile metaphor pun personificationetc 1 Tobed tobed saidSleepyHead Tarryawhile saidSlow Putonthepan saidGreedyNan We llsupbeforewego 2020 3 15 34 PartII MedievalLiterature 2 MemoryOnehadalovelyface Andtwoorthreehadcharm ButcharmandfacewereinvainBecausethemountaingrassCannotbutkeeptheformWherethemountainharehaslain W B Yeats 2020 3 15 35 PartII MedievalLiterature Poetryisthemaingenre epics longnarrativepoems lyricpoemsballadsetc TypesofthemedievalliteratureChurchliteratureLanguageused Latin Greekcontents Biblestories storiesoftheapostles prayerbooks hymns religiousnarrativepoems religiousplaysetc MostoriginatedfromtheBibleanddescribeGod somnipotence VirginMary smiracles theapostle spreachingandpracticing 2020 3 15 36 PartII MedievalLiterature EpicsandballadsEpics Beowulf England SongofRoland France SongofCid Spain 尼伯龙根之歌 Germany 伊戈尔远征记 Russian Allofthemshowspatriotismandheroism 2020 3 15 37 PartII MedievalLiterature BalladsItisanarrativesongwhichbearsthecharacteristicsoffolkloreThemostobviousstylisticfeatureisitssimplelanguage Twocategoriesofballadsaccordingtoitscontents BorderBallads dealingwithbattlesfoughtontheborderofEnglandandScotlandTheseriesof37balladsinchildren scollection RobinHoodballads 2020 3 15 38 PartII MedievalLiterature ChivalryliteratureCreedsoftheknights beingloyaltohislord fightingforthechurch protectingtheweak respectingwomenofnoblebirth Thestandardizedplot adventuresor and lovestoriesoftheknightsgenres Lyricpoems Romance 2020 3 15 39 PartII MedievalLiterature Representativeworks SirGawainandtheGreenKnightKingArthurandhisround tableknightsMonstrousgreenknight schallengePromisetoacceptasimilaroneinexactlyoneyear stimeQuestingforthegreenknightCastle 2020 3 15 40 PartII MedievalLiterature HostgoinghuntingandhostseducinghimGirdlethatissaidtohavemagicpropertyTimetocome thelastdeceitbetrayedhimHewasslightlypunishedTheme aseriesoftestsonfaith courage purityandhumanweaknessOriginalsin 2020 3 15 41 PartII MedievalLiterature PopularfolkliteratureLangland sPiersthePlowmanSatirizecorruptionamongclergymanandthesecularauthoritiesUpholdsthedignityandvalueoflaborItiswritteninastyleofimaginativevigorIttakestheformofadreamvision afavoritedeviceofmedievalpoems 2020 3 15 42 PartII MedievalLiterature Greatmentobeknown ThomasAquinas anItalianphilosopherandtheologianwhoisnotedforhis scholasticism Godisthefirstcauseofall thereforeman slastendistoknowGod DanteAlighieriandhisDevineComedyHeisversatile anattentivelearnerofLatin rhetoric logic poetics ethics philosophy theology history history astronomy geography music paintingTheoreticalworks OnMonarchy ConcerningVernacularEloquence 2020 3 15 43 PartII MedievalLiterature Dante sTheDivineComedy AChristianvisionofman stemporalandeternaldestiny Allegory takingtheformofajourneythroughhell purgatoryandparadise WritteninItalianratherthanLatin33chapterseachplusthePrologue so100chaptersaltogether 2020 3 15 44 PartII MedievalLiterature BoccaccioandhisDecameron Flightof10youngpeople 7 3 fromBlackDeathtoarichwateredcountryside Eachmemberhasaturnaskingorqueendecidinghowtospendtheday Praisinglovestories soforsometimeitwasforbiddenasapornographybookSatirizingChristianity itwasforbiddenforsometimeasbookagainstGod Regardedas HumanComedy AsenseofspiritualrealitiesandanaffirmationofmoralvaluesShakespeare Goethe Keats Puskin 2020 3 15 45 PartII MedievalLiterature GeoffreyChaucerLife Chaucer sactivecareerascourtier soldier diplomat andcivilservantprovidedhimnotonlywithknowledgebutalsoexperienceswhichaccountedforthewiderangeofhiswritings Literarycareer TheFrenchperiod HetranslatedmanyFrenchworksandalsofamiliarizedwithwritingsinLatinesp VirgilandOvid 2020 3 15 46 PartII MedievalLiterature TheItalianperiod a HeimmersedhimselfintheworksofDante PetrarchandBoccaccio b HerehewroteTroilusandCriseyde thefirstmodernnovel whichalsobecamethesubjectofShakespeareandDryden TheMatureperiod TheCanterburyTalesReligiousattitude adevoutandorthodoxChristian 2020 3 15 47 PartII MedievalLiterature Chaucer spositioninEnglishliteratureMessengerofhumanism Heaffirmedman srighttopursueearthlyhappinessandopposedAsceticism praisedman senergy quickwitandloveoflife Thefirstrealisticwriter Comparedwithromance sreligiouspoetryandLangland sdreamvision Chaucer forthefirsttime presentedacomprehensiverealisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallworksoflife 2020 3 15 48 PartII MedievalLiterature Father ofEnglishpoetryandnovel ChaucerintroducedfromFrancetherhymedstanzastoreplacetheOldEnglishalliterativeverse Heroiccoupletandoctosyllabiccoupletwereemployedinmanyofhispoems HisTroilusandCriseydewascalledthefirstmodernnovelforhedevelopedtheartofliteraturethatcouldnotbefoundinmedievalliterature 2020 3 15 49 PartII MedievalLiterature MasteroftheEnglishlanguageBetweentheNormanconquestand1200 languagesusedbyeducatedmenwereFrenchandLatin ChaucerwasthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteinthecurrentEnglish HegreatlyincreasedtheprestigeofEnglishasaliterarylanguageandextendedtherangeofitspoeticvocabulary FortheRenaissance hewastheEnglishHomer Spensercalledhimmaster manyofShakespeare splaysshowassimilationofChaucer scomicspirit 2020 3 15 50 PartIII Renaissance RenaissanceinEuropeanhistory referstotheperiodbetween14thcenturyto17thcentury Renaissance means revival therevivalofinterestinAncientGreekandRomancultureandgettingridofconservatisminfeudalistEuropeandintroducingnewideasthatexpresstheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie ItstartedinItalyandendedinEnglandandSpain 2020 3 15 51 PartIII Renaissance ThebackgroundofthehumanisminEurope Theintroductionofprintingledtoanenlargedreadingpublicandacommercialmarketforliterature Thegreateconomicandpoliticalchangesledtotheriseofdemocracy Thespiritofnationalism Thegrowingof newscience etc 2020 3 15 52 PartIII Renaissance RenaissanceinEngland Thetime mainlyfromthereignofHenryVIII Edward MaryandthentoQueenElizabethandJacobeanEraCharacteristicsoftheElizabethanAge 1 Anageofcomparativereligioustolerance 2 Anageofcomparativesocialcontentment 3 Anageofdreams ofadventuresofunboundedenthusiasm 4 Anageofintellectualliberty ofgrowingintelligenceandcomfortamongallclassesandofunboundedpatriotism 2020 3 15 53 PartIII Renaissance Themainartisticstyles translation Ovid sMetamorphoses Homer sIliad Montaigne sEssaystravelbooks More sUtopiapoetry ThomasWyatt HenryHoward PhlipSidney WalterRaleigh EdmundSpenseressay FrancisBacondrama UniversityWits Shakespeare 2020 3 15 54 PartIII Renaissance Travelbook ThomasMoreandhisUtopia ForerunnerofutopiansocialismAnimaginativetravelnarrativewrittenintheformofconversationbetweenMoreandHythloday areturnedvoyagerdescribinganidealstategovernedbyreason influencedbyPlato sRepublicThesubjectisthesearchforthebestpossibleformofgovernment Utopia acommunityofproperty apure pre Marxformofcommunism 2020 3 15 55 PartIII Renaissance Poetry EdmundSpenserandhisworksTheShepherd sCalendar 12pastoralpoemsandeclogues oneforeachmonth mainlyforhislossofRosalindAmoertti aseriesof88sonnetsinhonorofhisloverElizabeth AllexceptonewaswrittenintheSpenseriansonnet alinkedquatrainsrhymingabab bcbc cdcd ee Epithlamion marriagehymnstocelebratehismarriagewithElizabeth 2020 3 15 56 PartIII Renaissance TheFaerieQueene 仙后 Theblendingofreligiousandhistoricalallegorywithchivalricromance GlorianaforQueenElizabethI 12knightsforthequalitiesofthechivalricvirtues thesixco