初中英语完成时态讲义+习题.doc

.语法专项二十三现在完成时1、 过去分词1、 概念：过去分词是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。2、 过去分词变化规则：规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1) 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed ”。（然而要注意的是，过去分词并不是过去式）work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited(2) 以不发音的“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d ”。live-lived-lived(3) 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ed ”。study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried,try-tried-tried,fry-fried-fried.(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped,drop-dropped-dropped不规则动词，见不规则表（1）AAA型：即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共8个costcostcost cutcutcut hithithit hurthurthurt letletlet putputput readreadread set-set-set （2）ABB型：过去式、过去分词相同。（共42个）1）过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。（4个）bringbroughtbrought buyboughtbought thinkthoughtthought fightfoughtfought2）词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个）buildbuiltbuilt lendlent lent sendsentsent spendspent spent3）过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。（2个）catchcaughtcaught teachtaughttaught4）把-eep、-eel变为-ept、-elt。（4个）keepkeptkept sleepsleptslept sweep sweptswept feelfelt felt5）把-ell变为-old。（2个）telltoldtold sellsoldsold6）把-ell、-ill变为-elt或-ilt。（2个）smellsmeltsmelt spellspeltspelt 7）把-eed、-ead、-eet变为-ed或-et。（3个）feedfedfed leadledled meetmetmet8）过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（4个）learnlearntlearnt meanmeantmeant burnburntburnt dreamdreamtdreamt9）过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id（4个）saysaidsaid paypaidpaid laylaidlaid hearheardheard10）改变元音字母。（9个）meetmetmet feedfedfed getgotgot sitsatsat findfoundfound holdheldheldwinwonwon loselostlost stickstuckstuck11）改变辅音字母。（4个）makemademade buildbuiltbuilt sendsentsent spendspentspent12）改变元、辅音字母。（4个）leaveleftleft standstoodstood have/hashadhad understandunderstoodunderstood（3）ABC型：原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。（共39个）1）iau变化。（5个）beginbeganbegun drinkdrankdrunk sing sangsung ringrangrung swimswamswum2）词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。（5个）blowblewblown drawdrewdrawn grow grewgrown knowknewknown throwthrewthrown3） 词尾为“i+辅（1个）+e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。（4个）drivedrovedriven writewrotewritten ride roderidden riseroserisen4）过去分词在过去式后加n。（2个）wakewokewoken speak-spoke-spoken 5）过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。（2个）get-got-gotten/got forgetforgotforgotten6）过去分词由原形加（e）n构成。（6个）bewas（were）been eatateeaten fallfellfallen givegavegiven seesawseen hidehidhidden（hid）7）词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（3个）taketooktaken mistakemistookmistaken shakeshookshaken8）原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。（6个）dodiddone flyflewflown gowentgone lielaylain showshowedshown wearworeworn9）词尾为-eak时，过去式将其变为-oke，过去分词在过去式后加-n。（2个）breakbrokebroken speakspokespoken10）词中间为“oo+辅（1个）+e”或“ee+辅（1个）+e”，过去式将oo、ee变为o，过去分词在过去式后加-n。（1个）choosechosechosen （4）AAB型：过去式和原形相同。（1个）beatbeatbeaten（5）ABA型：过去分词和原形相同。（共3个）1）.词中间为“o+辅+e”时，过去式将o变为a。（2个）comecamecome becomebecamebecome2）.uau变化。（1个）run ranrun（6）情态动词型(除must)只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。（共4个）cancould maymight willwould shallshould must 既没有过去式也没有过去分词2、 现在完成时1、 概念：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。Eg：They have left. -他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里Eg：He has learned English since 2001. -从2001年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢2、基本结构 ：现在完成时的构成形式： have /has (助动词)+done(过去分词)Eg：I/You/They/We have talked . He/She has talked.（1） 现在完成时的肯定句：主语+have/ has +过去分词Eg：Susan has already finished her homework.（2）现在完成时的否定句：主语+have / has+ not + 过去分词I/You/They/We havent(have not) talked . He/She hasnt(has not) talked.（3）现在完成时的一般疑问句：Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词Have I/You/They/We talked . Has he/she talked.肯定的简略回答是：Yes，主语have/has.，否定的简略回答是：No，主语have/has not.。Eg：I have seen the film. Have you seen the film？ Yes， I have./No， I havent.（4） 现在完成时的特殊疑问句：疑问词 + have / has + 主语 + 过去分词Eg：How many times has he been to England ? 他去过英国几次？3、.现在完成时的时间状语: for+一段时间（时间段），since+时间点或时间状语从句（自从），so far (到目前为止，迄今为止), ever（曾经）, never（从来不）, just（刚刚）, yet（还，已经）， till now（到现在为止）, until now, up to now（直到现在）, in the past two yearsmonths(在过去的两年里数月), the last few years(近几年里), already（已经）, recently（最近）, lately（最近）, once（一次），twice(两次),three times（三次）等等4、 现在完成时的用法（1） 表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束Eg：We have already finished the work. 我们已经完成了这项工作。（2）发生在过去的动作对现在所造成的影响或产生的结果。Eg：Charlie has broken his left leg. 查理摔断了左腿。（3） 表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，或有可能继续延续下去。 Eg：I have lived in Shanghai since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就住在上海。（4） 表示从过去到现在曾经历过的事。Eg：I have read the book three times. 这本书我看了三遍。 5一般过去时与现在完成时的区别1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作； 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是结果、影响。I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2）一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用; 现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now- 具体的过去时间状语现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的时间状语6、 延续动词与非延续性动词（1）非延续动词（瞬间动词、终止性动词）：表示的动作有一个终点，到了终点就不能再延续。因此，在现在完成时中，这种动词不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 oclock;常用的瞬间动词：arrive 、begin、 borrow、 buy、 come、 die、 go、 join、 leave、 lose、 marry、 stopEg：Ive left Shanghai for 3 days.() Ive been away from Shanghai for 3 days. ()注意：如果现在完成时的谓语动词是终止性动词的否定式，则一般可以和表示一段时间的短语连用。因为终止性动词的这种否定式已变成一种可以延续的状态。（2）延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有: for+一段时间:for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换 leave - be away buy - have joinbe in begin/start - be on die - be dead finish - be overfall ill - be ill get up-be upcatch a cold - have a cold come here - be here go there - be therebecome - be come back - be back fall asleep - be asleepget to/ arrive/reach - be (in) leave - be away from go (get) out be out put on wear go be there get upbe up borrow/ lendkeep3、 过去完成时1、 概念：表示在过去的过去已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。即过去的过去。2、 结构：had + 过去分词3、 时间状语：（1）和already just ever yet等连用，表示过去的过去。Eg：He told me his team had already won.他告诉我他们队已经赢了。Eg：I heard that the predident had just arrived here. 我听说院长刚刚到达。（2） 过去完成时与by then（截止到那时）， by 9 oclock（直到9点之前）， by the end of -（在-末之前）by the time-（在-时之前）， up till then （直到那时）， up till last night（直到昨晚）Eg：By the end of 2007 many buildings had been built in the city.截止到2007年底，在这所城市盖起了许多新的建筑。Eg：By the time he came here he had been a famous doctor.他到这儿之前已经是很有名的医生了。（3） 与when , before, after, as soon as , till, until等引导的时间状语从句连用，强调动作发生的时间前后。Eg：When she got home, her childern had slept. 她到家时她的孩子们已经入睡了。Eg: When she had finished her job, she went to sleep. 当她把所有的事情做完之后，她睡觉去了。现在完成时专项习题1、 单项选择1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see 9、By the time I got to the cinema, the movie_for ten minutes.A. had begun B. had been on C. has started D.has been on10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began 15、By the end of last month, I_all the CDs of Justin Bieber.A. collect B. collected C. have collected D. had collected 16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . .has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 18、The meeting _by the time I got there yesterday.A. was on B. has been on C. had begun D. has begun19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 21、I_ a letter from him since he left Adidnt receive Bhavent got Cdidnt have Dhavent heard 22Our school is having a sports meeting. Someone _ here already.A. arrivedB. have arrivedC. has arrived23How long have you _ this book？Abought Bborrowed Chad Dlent 24Wheres Peter？ He _ to NanjingAis going Bhas been Chas gone Dwent 25Sam came to Baihai in 2002. He _ here for nine years.A. lives B. was living C. has lived D. will live26We have lived here _ five years ago Awhen Bsince Cbefore Dafter 27I have watched the game When _you _ itAhave；watched Bdo；watch Cdid；watch Dwill；watch 28How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？ Oh，I _ such a beautiful city Adont visit Bdidnt visit Chavent visited Dhadnt visited 29The old people _ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week Adont feel Bhasnt felt Chavent felt Ddidnt feel 30My grandfather_ in the small town all his lifeHe always says he likes the town Alived Bhave lived Chas lived Dis living 31Miss Brown _ to the Great Wall twice Ahave been Bhas been Chave gone Dhas gone 32His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _ he came to Yunnan Aafter Bbefore Csince Dfor 33His grandpa _ for two yearsAwas died Bhas been dead Cwas dead Dhas died 34Have you ever_ to Haikou？ Yes，I_ there with my family last August Agone；went Bbeen；went Cbeen；went to Dbeen；was in 35His sister _ her hometown for three years Shell return next year Aleft Bhas left Chas been away Dhas been away from 36. How long have you _ here?A. come B. got C. arrived D been37. My grandpa died _.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C when I was 2. D. my age was 6.38. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. went D. never been39.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet40. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had41.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young.A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned42. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live43. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?- Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B has gone to C. went to D. will go to44. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going45. Dad, I _ the station for minutes, but nobody came to meet me. Dont worry. Ill go to meet you soon.A. arrived at B. have been at C. will reach46. _ you ever _ Dali? Never. But I am going there this vacation.A. Dogo to B. Havebeen to C. Havegone to D. Willgo to47. My aunt is a writer. She _ more than ten books since 1980.A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will write48. Echo _ for half a month. Shell come hack in two months.A. left B leave C. has left D. has been away49.The Smiths came to Shanghai in 2008,they_ there for three years since then.A. live B. lived C. have lived D. will live50. Have you ever been to Nanning? Yes, _ .A. I was B. I do C. I am D. I have51. I my homework, I guess I cant join you.A. dont finish B. didnt finish C. havent finished D. wont finish52. Excuse me, where is Mr. Browns office?Sorry, I dont know. I _ here for only a few days.A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work53.Where is Bob? He _to Harbin for a meeting.A. went B. has been C. has gone54. Are you going to the bank, Laura? No, I _ to the bank already.A. have been B. have gone C. am going D. had been55. -Oh, you are here. Im looking for you all the morning. ？-To the library.A. Where have you gone B. Where will you go C. Where are you going D. Where have you been?56. May I speak to Miss Wang?Sorry. She isnt in. She _ to Hong Kong.A. has been B. has gone C. goes D.went57. My grandmother _ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here.Asees B. can see C. will see D. has seen58I many new friends since I came hereAmake Bmade Cwill make Dhave made59. Mrs. Weng came back from France in 2010. She _ there for four years.A. works B. worked C. has worked60. Wheres your brother, Jane? Hes not in Guiyang these days. He_ Beijing.A. has gone to B. has been to C. had been to61. She _ this book for nearly three weeks. A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has bought D. has kept62. They _ England and they will be back next week.A. have gone to B. have been to C. have gone in D. has been on63. He_ in this city since his family moved to Nanchong.A. live B. lived C. has lived64. Some students in Shanghai e-bags for several months. A. have B. have had C. had D. will have65.Is Mr. Smith still in Shanghai? Yes, he _ there for two months.A. has beenB. has goneC. has been to D. has gone to66. My brother and I _ in Yinchuan since 1997. A. had lived B. have lived C. live D. will live67. My pen pal said he would write to me, but I _ any letters from him so far.A. wont receive B. havent received C. hadnt received D. didnt receive68. Our country _the sixth population census(人口普查) already.A. finished B. has finished C. will finish D. finishes69.Thomas _ the army for two years, so he misses his mother very much.A. has joined B. has taken part in C. has been in70.How well do you know the Opera House?I know the place very well. I _ Sydney many times.A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have arrived in71.A:How clean the bedroom is! B: Yes, I am sure that someone it.A. cleans B. cleanedC. has cleanedD. had cleaned72. Where is Ben? He _ to the teachers office. He will be back soon.A. go B. has goneC. has been73. I _myhometown for a long time, I really miss it!A. left B. went away from C. have left D. have been away from74. Will you please go to see