宾语从句PPT_.ppt

什么是宾语 Ilikemyteacher 名词作宾语 Ienjoyplayingbasketball 动名词作宾语 Idecidetostudyhard 不定式作宾语 Iknowhim 代词作宾语 宾语是动作 行为的对象 是动作的承受者 宾语由名词 代词 不定式或相当于名词的词 短语来担任 我们知道姚明WeknowYaoMing 我们知道他是一个著名的篮球运动员Weknow 宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语 并有一个连接词引导 一什么是宾语从句 试比较 宾o 宾o 主s 谓v heisafamousbasketballplayer that 连接词 我们知道他是一个著名的篮球运动员 谓v 主s 有哪些句子可以做宾语 1 陈述句 heisafamousbasketballplayer2 一般疑问句 Willourteachersattendthemeeting 3 特殊疑问句 whichcoatdidyouprefer 一 连词 引导词 1 当宾语从句是陈述句时 包括肯定句和否定句 连词由that引导 因为that在从句中不作任何成分 也没有任何具体意思 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略 LinTaofeels that hisownteamisevenbetter Shesays that shewon ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday Jimthought that thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty Hesaid that hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster 在主句为动词be加某些形容词 如sorry sure afraid glad等 作表语时 后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句 I msorry that Idon tknow We resure that ourteamwillwin I mafraid that hewon tpasstheexam 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句 e g Ihear that 一小时后他会回来 Hesaid that 他非常想念我们 Theteachertoldus that 地球围着太阳转 hewillbebackinanhour hemissedusverymuch theearthmovesaroundthesun 练一练 1 Thisisabook 2 Youlikesinging 3 Heworkedlastnight 4 Theywillgohome 5 JimhasbeentoBeijing 6 Shesingswell 用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句 1 Iknow 2 Shesays 3 Tellyourfriend that 一般疑问句做宾语 我问他是否想去游泳 1 改为陈述句语气 2 用if whether连接 Iask Doeshewanttogoswim hewantstogoswim If whether Iask 一 宾语从句的语序 句子的两种语序 1 陈述句结构叫陈述语序2疑问句结构叫疑问语序 宾语从句必须用 陈述语序 Thereisashopnearhere Isthereashopnearhere 练习 将下列句子改成陈述句语序 1 Isthereabanknearhere 2 IsitonFifthAvenue 3 Aretheydoinghomework Thereisabanknearhere ItisonFifthAvenue Theyaredoinghomework 4 Doessheworkinahospital 5 DidyougotoCenterPark 6 Dowehavetowearauniform sheworksinahospital youwenttoCenterPark wehavetowearauniform wecanwearhatsinschool 7 Canwewearhatsinschool 由if或whether引导的宾语从句 If和whether在句中的意思是 是否 例如 Iwanttoknowif whether helivesthere Heaskedmewhether if Icouldhelphim 注意一下情况只用whether 不用if 1 whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或ornot直接连用 如 Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot Letmeknowifyoucancomeornot 2 当宾语从句提到句首时 只能用whether引导 如 Whetheritistrueornot Ican ttell Ifitistrueornot Ican ttell 3 whether可以引导带to的不定式 如 Idon tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse Idon tknowiftoacceptorrefuse 4 whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后 作介词的宾语 如 IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings IworryaboutifIhurtherfeelings If与whether的区别 Idon tknow hewillcomeornot Idon tcareof heishandsome Hewondered tostayherethenextweek hewillcomeisnotdecided 与ornot连用只能用whether 介词后只能用whether 与todo不定式连用只能用whether 作主语只能用whether 练一练 1 Ishereading 2 Doyougetupatsix 3 DoesTomworkhard 4 DidyouwatchTV 5 Willtheyreadbooks 6 Canyousing 用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句 1 Doyouknow 2 Iwanttoknow 3 Theteacherasks if whether 我想知道你最喜欢那一条领带 特殊疑问句做宾语 特殊疑问句做宾语 Whichcoatdidyoulikebest Iwonderwhichcoatyoulikebest 用疑问引导 改为陈述语气 我想知道你最喜欢哪一条领带 Whichtiedoyoulikebest 特殊疑问句变成陈述语序连接词就是疑问词本身 Iwonder Iwonder ATTENTION whichtieyoulikebest 8 Where syourpenpalfrom 9 Wheredoeshelive 10 Whatlanguagedoesshespeak 11 Whydoyoulikepandas Whereyourpenpalisfrom Wherehelives Whatlanguageshespeaks Whyyoulikepandas Doyouknowwhere from he come Canyoutellmewhich tothepark beway hecomes Istheway 练一练 Whatisthis Whatareyoudoing Wheredoyoulive Whendoeshegetup Howdidyougotowork Whowillyouplaywith 用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句 1 Doyouknow 2 Iwanttoknow 3 Canyoutellme 四 宾语从句中时态的变化 填一填 was is willcook issinging hasbeen wasplaying hadlearned 1 当主句是一般现在时 宾语从句的时态不作限制 我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态 需要性原则 2020 3 16 23 可编辑 2 当主句是一般过去时的时候 宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态 从而达到主句和从句的相互一致 呼应性原则 1 HewillgotoHongKong 2 Heissick 3 Heisreadingabook 4 Hehasfinishedhiswork 1 HetoHongKong 2 Hesick 3 Heabook 4 He 辨一辨 wouldgo was wasreading hiswork hadfinished 确定从句的时态 根据主句时态 主句时态 从句时态 连接前 连接后 一般现在时 时态保持不变 一般过去时 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 3 当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时 就不用受到主句时态的限制 仍是用一般现在时态 特殊性原则 ATTENTION Hetoldme that SummerafterSpring is Iwastold that thesunmuchbiggerthanthemoon is thesunmuchbiggerthanthemoon nonewsgoodnews Myparentstoldme that is Findoutthemistakesandcorrectthem 1Couldyoutellmewheredotheylive 2SheknewthatDannyisastudent 3Hetoldmethatwinterwascolderthanautumn 4Doyouknowwhocaritis 找错误 was is whose 三 宾语从句与简单句的转换 一 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同 且主句的谓语动词是hope wish decide agree choose等时 从句可简化为不定式结构 eg 1 IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure mail Ihopetoreceiveyoure mail 二 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同 且主句的谓语动词是know remember forget learn等时 从句可简化为 疑问词 不定式 结构 eg 2 Shedoesn tknowwhatsheshoulddonext Shedoesn tknow 三 当主句的谓语动词是ask tell show teach等时 从句可简化为 疑问词 不定式 结构 eg 3 WillyoupleaseshowmehowIcanworkitout Willyoupleaseshowme 四 当直接引语为祈使句 变为间接引语时 用ask tell orderSb not todosth结构 eg 4 A Pleasebequiet B WhatdidBillsay A Heaskedustobequiet whattodonext howtoworkitout 四 否定转移在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中 当主句的主语为第一人称 谓语动词是think believe guess suppose等时 要将从句的否定词转移到主句中 即主句的谓语动词用否定式 宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式 eg 5 Idon tthinkhewillcomewithyou 注意 这种句子在其后接附加问句时 要特别小心 eg 6 Idon tbelievehehasfinishedthework 7 HeknewwhyJimwasn tatschool 解析 例6 当主句的主语为第一人称时 附加问句的主语由宾语从句的主语充当 例7 如果主句的主语非第一人称时 则附加问句的主语由主句的主语充当 hashe didn the 宾语从句三要素 that 陈述句 if whether 一般疑问句 特殊疑问词 特殊疑问句 主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态 语序 宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序 客观真理自然现象公式定理名言警句时态不变 七 本课小结 1 Didyouunderstand A whatshesaidB whattosayC whatdidshesaidD howshehadsaid2 whocantellus aboutoverthere A whattheytalkB whataretalkingC whatdotheytalkD whattheyaretalking3 Thegirlisthinkingabout shewillgoabroadtostudyEnglishnextyear A ifB whatC whetherD when4 theteachersaidthat A thesunmovesaroundtheearthB theearthmovedaroundthesunC themoonisoursatelliteD themoonwasoursatellite5 Idon tknowwhenhe back Pleasetellhimthenewswhenhe back A come willcomeB comes comesc willcome comesD willcome willcome A B C C c 6 Idon tknowifhisuncle Ithinkhe ifheisfree A willcome comesB willcome willcomeC comescomesD comes willcome7 Thereisnotmuchdifferentbetweenthetwo Ireallydon tknow A whatshouldIchooseB whichIshouldchooseC whichshouldIchoseD whatIchoose8 Nooneknows A whichgatewehavetogoB whichgatewemustgoC whichgatedowehavetogotoD whichgatewehavetogoto B B D 9 Doyouknow A wheredoessheliveB sheliveswhereC whereshelivesD whereshelive10 Hisparentswantedtoknowwhathe atthattime A isdoingB wasdoingC hasdoneD willdo C B 12 Lily smotherlookedforherforhalfanhour butcouldnotfind whatLilywasB whatwasLilyC whereLilywasD wherewasLily C 11 Wedon tknow ItissaidthathewasborninCanada whatheisB whenhewasbornC wherehecomesfromD ifheliveshere C 13Thegirlsaskedifthey somefoodanddrinkwiththem A tookB takeC takesD willtake 14Lindasaidthemoon roundtheearth A travelledB hastravelledC travelsD hadtravelled A C 15 Couldyoupleasetellme hewillcomeheretomorrow A ifB weatherC whatD which A 16 Couldyoutellme A whenwilltheyleaveBeijing B whenwouldtheyleaveBeijing C whentheywillleaveBeijing D whendidtheyleaveBeijing C Doyouknow A wheredoessheliveB sheliveswhereC whereshelivesD whereshelive2 Hisparentswantedtoknowwhathe atthattime A isdoingB wasdoingC hasdoneD willdo C B 巩固练习 I 从下列A B C D中选择一个正确选项填空 4 Lily smotherlookedforherforhalfanhour butcouldnotfind whatLilywasB whatwasLilyC whereLilywasD wherewasLily C 3 Wedon tknow ItissaidthathewasborninCanada whatheisB whenhewasbornC wherehecomesfromD ifheliveshere C 5Thegirlsaskedifthey somefoodanddrinkwiththem A tookB takeC takesD willtake 6Lindasaidthemoon roundtheearth A travelledB hastravelledC travelsD hadtravelled A C 7 Couldyoupl