宾语从句-ppt.ppt

宾语从句TheObjectClause Iknowhim 2 Iknowwhoheis 主语 谓语 宾语 简单句 主语 谓语 宾语从句 连词 从句主语 从句谓语 主句 复合句 宾语从句的概念 在复合句中放在动词或介词后充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句 句子结构 主句 连词 引导词 宾语从句 宾语从句三要素 一 引导词二 语序 陈述语序 主语 谓语 三 时态四 if when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别五 宾语从句的反意疑问句六 否定转移 第一讲 宾语从句的引导词 一 引导词 that从句是陈述句 口语中常省略 if whether 是否 从句是一般疑问句wh how 即特殊疑问词 从句是特殊疑问句Weknow that weshouldlearnfromeachother Pleasetellmeif whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare 引导词是从句的一个成份 所以用哪个引导词 看从句成份是否完整 不完整 一定是特殊疑问句 完整 判断主句语气 是疑问语气 用if whether 是肯定语气 用that 一 连词 引导词 1 当宾语从句是陈述句时 包括肯定句和否定句 连词由that引导 因为that在从句中不作任何成分 也没有任何具体意思 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略 LinTaofeels that hisownteamisevenbetter Shesays that shewon ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday Jimthought that thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty Hesaid that hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster 在主句为动词be加某些形容词 如sorry sure afraid glad等 作表语时 后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句 I msorry that Idon tknow We resure that ourteamwillwin I mafraid that hewon tpasstheexam 注 that在句中无词汇意义 在从句中不能充当成分 在口语当中往往省略 e g Ihear that 一小时后他会回来 Hesaid that 他非常想念我们 Theteachertoldus that 地球围着太阳转 hewillbebackinanhour hemissedusverymuch theearthmovesaroundthesun 2 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时 由连词whether或if引导 口语中常用if 因为if whether翻译成 是否 具有一定的意义 所以不能省略 Lilywantedtoknowif whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag Let sseeif whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity Sheaskedmeif whethershecouldborrowthesebooks If whether 是否 的区别 一般情况下 if和whether可以互换 但以下4种情况只能用whether 在不定式前 Whethertogothereornothasn tbeendecided 在介词后 Itdependson 依靠 whetheritisgoingtorain 与ornot连用 Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot 做主语从句 Whetherheisrightisn timportant 3 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时 由连接代词 what who whom which whose 或连接副词 when where how why 引导 因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分 具有一定的意义 所以不可以省略 Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow Idon trememberwhenwearrived IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney Pleasetellmewho whom wehavetosee Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves 由连接代词what whom whose which what及连接副词when where how why引导的宾语从句 1 Heasked 谁能回答这个问题 2 Doyouknow 他们在等谁 3 Heasked 谁的书法是班上最好的 4 Pleasetellme 我们什么时候开会 5 Canyoutellme 他在哪儿 6 Couldyoutellme 我该怎么去车站 7 Wouldyoutellme 为什么火车迟到了 whocouldanswerthequestion whomtheyarewaitingfor whosehandwritingwasthebestintheclass whenwe llhaveameeting whereheis howIcangettothestation whythetrainislate 带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句 Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast Idon tknowhowfaritistothecinema Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan 1 Theyoungmanasked it ssummerorwinter A eitherB thatC weatherD whether2 Wedon tknow theydidit A howB whoC whatD which3 Theteacherasksus Jimcancomebackontime A thatB ifC whenD whattime4 Doesanybodyknow wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot A ifB whereC whetherD that D A B C 5 Iwonder heiscryingnow A thatB whyC howD when6 Haveyoufoundout wecandoonHainanIsland A whatB howC ifD whether7 Lilysaid shehadfinishedhercomposition A ifB thatC whenD where8 Idon tknow hestillliveshere A whereB whatC whenD whether B A B D 二 时态1 如果主句是现在的时态 或祈使句 包括一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定 包括一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在完成时等 Iknowheliveshere Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow 第二讲 宾语从句的时态 2 如果主句是过去的时态 包括一般过去时 过去进行时 那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态 包括一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 Iknewwholivedhere Isawshewastalkingwithhermother Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow Hesaidthathehadseenit 3 当从句是客观真理 定义 公理 定理时用一般现在时 Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun 1 Ididn tknowwhattimehe theletter write 2 MissWangtoldmethattheearth move roundthesun 3 Couldyoutellmewho awaythebookalready take 4 LingFengtoldmehe toShanghaiseveraltimes be 5 Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun intheeast rise 6 Canyoutellmewhatthey yesterday do wrote moves hastaken hadbeen rises did 三 语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序 连接词 主语 谓语 其他成分 第三讲 宾语从句的语序 例如 Wheredoeshelive Idon tknow Idon tknowwherehelives 1 Whenwillhegotothelibrary Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary 2 Whatdoeshewanttobuy Idon tknowwhathewantstobuy Idon tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy 3 Whoarewegoingtomeet Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet 2020 3 16 22 可编辑 4 DoesheknowFrench Wewanttoknowif whetherheknowsFrench Wewanttoknowif whetherdoesheknowFrench 5 WilltheygotoCanadainsummer They renotsureif whethertheywillgotoCanadainsummer They renotsureif whetherwilltheygotoCanadainsummer 1 DidthestudentshaveapicniclastSunday Doyouknow 2 Mr SmithhavebeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears JimtoldLinTao Doyouknowif whetherthestudentshadapicniclastSunday JimtoldLinTao that MrSmithhadbeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears 3 WhichbookshouldIreadfirst Pleasetellme 4 Lighttravelsfasterthansound Ourteachertoldusinyesterday sclass PleasetellmewhichbookIshouldreadfirst Ourteachertoldus that lighttravelsfasterthansoundinyesterday sclass 1 could would是委婉语气 而不是过去式 因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态 注意事项 Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback 2 如果主句的谓语动词是ask时 连词不可能是that 如果主句的谓语动词是say时 连词用that Shesays that shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk Hesaid that hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation 3 如果从句中含有or或ornot时 只能用whether而不用if Couldyoutellmewhetherthat safasttrainornot Doyouknowwhetherheisrightornot Idon tcarewhetherhe llstayhereornot 4 否定的转移 当主句的谓语主语是第一人称 谓语动词是think believe guess suppose等词时 其后面的宾语从句的否定应转移到主句上 Idon tthinkheisright 附加疑问句 反意疑问句 1 当主句主语为I 我 主句动词为suppose believe think等 则根据从句判断 但肯 否定形式根据主句判断 Idon tthinkheisserious 5 标点符号的确定 带有宾语从句的主从复合句的标点符号取决于主句 主句是陈述句 HeaskedmewhereIwentjustnow 问句 Doyouknowwhenhe llbeback 1 Couldyoushowme A howcanIgettothestationB whereisthestationC howIcouldgettothestationD howIcanreachthestation2 Pleasetellme A whatdoeshelikeB whathedoeslikeC whathelikesD whathelike3 Mysistertoldhim A whatdaywasitB whenthetrainarrivedC whoshewaswaitingD wheredidyoulive C B D 4 Couldyoutellmewherewe nextweek A wouldgoB togoC hadtogoD willgo5 Couldyoutellmehowmuch toflytoHainan A doitcostB doesitcostC itcostD itcosts6 Thesmallchildrendon tknow A whatistheirstockingsinB whatisintheirstockingsC whereistheirstockingsinD whatintheirstockings D B D 7 Someoneisringingthedoorbell Goandsee A whoisheB whoheisC whoisitD whoitis8 Couldyoutellmehowlong A youhaveboughtthewatchB youhavekeptthissciencebookC haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina B D 将下列句子合并为一句 1 Wheredotheystopontheway Iasked 2 Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting Couldyoutellme 3 Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus Heasked 4 Iamdoingmyhomework Hesaid 5 Iwillcomeback Tomsaid 6 Ishedoinghishomework Jimasked Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway Couldyoutellmewhatyouwillspeakatthemeeting Heaskediftheylikedtomakefriendswiththem Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback Jimaskedifhewasdoinghishomework 例1 WhenIwenttohavethebill IrealizedIhadmywalletathome 2006北京市 A forgottenB left C hadD taken 中考典型例题解析 例3 Doyouknow Icouldpasstheexam Sorry I venoidea A thatB whetherC whatD which B 例2 Couldyoutellme 2003甘肃省 A whenwillTomcomeback B whendoesTomcomeback C whenTomwillcomeback D whenTomcomesback C B 例4 Doyouknow duringthecomingsummerholiday 2003北京海淀区 A whatwillTomdo B whatdidTomdo C whatTomwilldo D whatTomdid C 例7 MrKingdidn tknow yesterdayevening 2003吉林省 A whendoeshissoncomehome B whenhissoncomeshome C whendidhissoncomehome D whenhissoncamehome 例5 Doyouknow 2003北京市 Nextyear A whenhecome B whendidhecome C whenhewillcome D whenwillhecome C 例6 Couldyoutellus 2003河南省 A whenyouwillsendthefridgetoourhouse B whenwillyousendthefridgetoourhouse C whenyouwouldsendthefridgetoourhouse D whenwouldyousendthefridgetoourhouse D A 单项选择 1 Doyouremember lasttime A whatisyourteachersaying B whatyourteachersaid C whatdidyourteachersay D whatyourteachersays 2 Hedidn ttellme A howoldhewas B howoldwashe C hewashowold D howmuchdiditcost 3 Excuseme couldyoutellme A what swrongwithhim B whatwrongiswithhim C whatwaswrongwithhim D whatwrongwaswithhim 课时训练 B A A 4 Excuseme canyoutellme A doesthetrainleave B thetrainhadleft C thetrainleaves D didthetrainleave 5 Iwonder A wherehaveyougone B whereyouhavegone C wherehaveyoubeen D whereyouhavebeen 6 Hewantstoknow America A whenwillMr Lileavefor B whenwillMr Wangstayin C whywillMr Wangstayin D whenMr Wangwillleavefor7 Iwanttoknowif ameetingtomorrow A youhave B youwillhave C doyouhave D willyouhave C D D B 8 I dliketoknow A whenwillhegivebackthetape B whetherhashereceivedhighereduc