公共管理专业术语讲述.doc

精选Reinventing Government Movement重塑政府运动The article compares the reinventing government movement with new public administration and the ways each would achieve government sector reform in the United States. Comparison of new public administration with reinventing government is made along six dimensions of public administration including concepts of change, concepts of relevance and empowerment, theories of rationality, organizational structure and design, theories of management and leadership, and epistemology methodology, and the issue of values. New public administration emerged from a period of urban riots, long-term discrimination against racial minorities, and a failing and deadly war in Southeast Asia. New public administration and reinventing government both emphasize responsiveness but in different ways and in different words. Reinventing government, on one hand, is a highly visible promise to improve government administration, coming primarily from outside the body of public administration. New public administration, on the other hand, means a subtly influential and comparatively quiet movement among both scholars and practitioners within the body of public administration.这篇文章比较政府再造与新公共管理运动的途径及在美国每个人能达到政府部门改革。比较政府再造与新公共管理是公共行政的沿六个维度包括概念的变化、概念的相关性和授权、理论的合理性、组织结构和设计、理论的管理和领导,和认识论方法论,这个问题的价值观。新公共管理出现在城市暴动,长期少数民族的歧视,失败和在东南亚致命的战争的一段时期。新公共管理与政府再造反应,但两者都强调以不同的方式、不同的单词。政府再造,一方面,是一个高度可见答应提高政府管理,主要从身体外面来的公共管理。新公共管理,另一方面,意味着一个微妙的影响,相对安静的运动在学者和教育工作者在公共行政的身体。在所有与现代美国政府管理相关的运动中，重塑政府运动(reinventing government movement)最引人注目。重塑政府以及与此相关的各种观念已经在政府管理实践的各个层面产生了广泛的影响。重塑政府运动是否像它的支持者所说的那样是一场革命，是否在世纪之交对不断推进的改革具有持续的影响力，大多数现代公共行政方式是否将从中产生，或者如20世纪四、五十年代一样塑造了现代行政领域的特性，这些只有靠时间来检验。 美国公共行政领域一直充满有关重塑政府范式的利多还是弊多的争论与讨论。因为这并不是这一领域的革命的第一次尝试，因此有必要将其与此前的一些运动相比较。这里，我将它与新公共行政学(new publc administration)相比较。新公共行政学兴起于20世纪60年代末期，一直延续到20世纪90年代初重塑政府运动开始。 我从六个方面对新公共行政学和重塑政府加以比较，即：变革的概念；回应与授权的概念；关于合理性的理论；组织结构与设计；管理和领导理论；认识论、方法论与价值问题。 Reinventing government movement is a recent and influential approach for reforming public organizations in many countries. Based on the New Public Management Paradigm developed in 1980s, the movement gained great momentum in the United States of America, especially with the introduction of the National Performance Review and the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 which reflected the reinventing ideas on reforming the federal government.While the acts managerial philosophy closely related to the New Public Management Paradigm and the Osborne and Gaeblers book, Reinventing Government, the main assumptions of the rational means-ends relationship structure established for achieving the expected reinventing goals are rooted in the Rational Choice Theory.This paper analyzes the rational assumptions of the reinventing movement in the American federal government and the threats to the validity of these assumptions. The study uses data from the academic literature as well the reports of public organizations that present findings about the implementation process. The study concludes that existing threats must be addressed to reach expected reinventing outcomes.最近,政府再造运动是一项改革和有影响力的方法对公共组织在许多国家使用。基于新公共管理范式1980年代发展起来的,运动取得了巨大的动量在美利坚合众国,特别是引入国家绩效评估和绩效结果的行为和思想体现了再造1993年改革联邦政府。虽然这个法案的管理哲学密切相关,对新公共管理范式和奥斯本和Gaebler的书,政府再造,主要假设的关系建立合理means-ends结构实现预期目标的再造植根于理性选择理论。本文分析了合理假设的再造运动的美国联邦政府和威胁这些假设的正确性。书房用数据从学术文学与社会组织的报告说,目前的发现实现过程。该研究报告的结论是:必须解决现有威胁再造达到预期的结果。Reinventing government movement has gained great momentum in the United States by the National Performance Review and the introduction of Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) of 1993, which is a reflection of result orientation as a public policy in government. GPRA is not an ordinary law but a reform initiative and directly related to reinventing government movement. As Clinton put it in his remarks announcing the National Performance Review in 1993, reinventing government aims at reforming the federal government (Shafritz and Russel 1997):政府再造运动取得了明显的趋势在美国国家绩效评估并引进政府绩效和结果法案(GPRA)的1993年,这是一个反思的结果导向作为一项公共政策,在政府内任职。GPRA可不是一只普通的法律,而是一个改革积极性和直接关系到政府再造运动。像克林顿把它放在他的言论宣布国家绩效评估在1993年,政府再造旨在改革联邦政府(特博士和1997):“Our goal is to make the entire federal government both less expensive and more efficient, and to change the culture of our national bureaucracy away from complacency and entitlement toward initiative and empowerment. We intent to redesign, to reinvent, to reinvigorate the entire national government.”我们的目标是让整个联邦政府既便宜且更有效率,并改变我们的国家官僚主义的文化权利向远离自满情绪,并主动和授权。我们重新设计意图,重塑,能使整个国家的政府。”GPRA attempts to contribute to cultural and organizational