北京东城高三二模英语试卷(2019年5月)—含答案和翻译.doc

.2019年北京市东城区高三二模2019年5月AWorld Environment Day is a UN Environment-led global event, _which_(1) takes place on June 5 every year and is celebrated by thousands of communities worldwide. Since it began in 1972, it has grown to become the _largest_(2 large) of all the celebrations of environment each year. China owns half the worlds electric vehicles and 99% of the world s electric buses. By _hosting_(3 host) World Environment Day 2019, the Chinese government will be able to showcase its innovation and progress toward to a cleaner environment.BWhy do people want to go to university? For some, it is the desire to learn. At university, you _will be taught_(4 teach) by lecturers and professors who may be leading experts _in_(5) their fields. The opporutnity to learn from them is what drives some people _to apply_( 6 apply)to university. For others, going to university provides the all-important stepping-stone for their careers. However, for the majority of _western_(7 west)people, university means freedom from home. CBillions of poor people around the world _depend_(8 depend) on the use of wood for cooking. And as they take more and more firewood from wild areas, they are destroying habitats around the world. Wood collection is one reason why many animals have become endangered. This is _why_(9) Dr, Metcalf spends each summer in Africa. He wants to teach women and children in villages how to cook with the sun. He helped create Solar Cookers International. Its an organization that introduces solar cookers to developing countries _and_(10) teaches people how to use them.第二节 完形填空Two birthdays, One mistakeZackary Johnson has a birthday coming up in a few days, so it wasnt surprising to have an envelope addressed to him last week. His mom， Glenda， _ noticed _(11) immediately that it was spelled “Zachary” Johnson. She didnt find that unusual because many people spell Zackarys name _ incorrectly _(12). But the senders pre-printed label made her confused. That name didnt _ match _(13) up to anyone of her friends or relatives. She asked her husband, “Do you _ recognize _(14) this name? “”Nope,” Steve responded and became somewhat _ concerned _(15).Still, they agreed to _ present _(16 the envelope to their son to see what was in it. Zack opened it to _ find _(17 $20 in a birthday card that said “Happy Birthday, Zachary!” He was excited 18 and was ready to go shopping!However, the _ unease _(19 increased for Glenda. The card was unsigned. She was wondering why a _ stranger _(20) would send money to her son and _how_(21 he would know it was Zacks birthday. A variety of scenes can go _ through _(22 parents minds, especially when they hear stories about Internet crimes. They knew they would have to make some inquiries not only to give them _ peace _(23 , but also to protect their son.“I know who that fellow is! He is an old farmer that lives out on Hillberry Road.” Glendas dad said when he was informed of the _ situation _(24 .So the couple quickly drove out into the country and found the house. _ Unfortunately _(25 , no one was home. Steve decided to leave a brief but _ urgent _(26 message that the call should be returned as soon as possible.The next day the old farmer called. The farmers great grandson, Zachary Johnson, had recently moved with his parents to Heavenly Drive. Thats the street where Zackary Johnson _ lives _(27 . The farmer was sure surprised by the _ turn _(28) of events. He figured hed have to send another card to his grandson. But Zackary Johnson, who is turning eleven years old in a few days, did the right thing. He and his parents _ made _(29) their way down Heavenly Drive to the home of Zachary Johnson who is turning four years old in a few days. They _ delivered _(30) Zacharys great grandfathers card with the $20. Plus, Zackary Johnson wished Zachary Johnson a very Happy Birthday.11. A. expected B. guessed C. added D. noticed12. A. hesitantly B. incorrectly C. quickly D. naturally13. A. match B. back C. call D. build14. A. sign B. like C. bear D. recognize15. A. embarrassed B. discouraged C. concerned D. ashamed16. A. present B. return C. address D. drop17. A. hold B. find C. reach D. pay18. A. relieved B. relaxed C. amused D. excited19. A. unease B. anger C. regret D. sadness20. A. relative B. friend C. stranger D. farmer21. A. who B. what C. when D. how22. A. over B. beyond C. through D. against23. A. faith B. peace C. satisfaction D. confidence24. A. secret B. crime C. conclusion D. situation25. A. Amazingly B. Unfortunately C. Interestingly D. Undoubtedly26. A. urgent B. updated C. warning D. flexible27. A. walks B. travels C. lives D. moves28. A. turn B. order C. error D. trend29. A. changed B. made C. pushed D. cleared30. A. held B. showed C. delivered D. purchased第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）CLove the way you walkListen carefully to the footsteps in the family home, and you can probably work out who is walking about. The features most commonly used to identify people are faces, voices and fingerprints. But the way they walk is also a giveaway.仔细倾听家里的脚步声，你也许就能知道是谁在走动。最常用于识别人的特征是脸、声音和指纹。但他们走路的方式也是一种赠品。Researchers have used video cameras and computers to analyze peoples gaits, and are now quite good at it. But translating such knowledge into a practical identification system can be tricky. Cameras are often visible, are difficult to set up, require good lighting and may have their view blocked by other people. A team led by Dr. Ozanyan and Dr. Scully have been looking for a better way to recognize gait. Their answer: pressure-sensitive mats.研究人员已经使用摄像机和电脑来分析人们的步态，现在已经相当擅长了。但是将这些知识转化为实际的识别系统可能很困难。摄像头通常可见，设置困难，需要良好的照明，可能会被其他人挡住视线。由Ozanian博士和Scully博士领导的一个团队一直在寻找更好的方法来识别步态。他们的答案是：压敏垫。Such mats are nothing new. They have been part of security systems. But Ozanyan and Scully use a complicated version that can record the amount of pressure applied in different places as someone walks across it. These measurements form a pattern unique to the walker. The researchers turned to an artificial-intelligence system to recognize such patterns, and it seemed to work. In a study in 2018, they tested the system on a database of footsteps of 127 people. They found its error rate in identifying who was who was a mere 0.7%. And Scully says even without a database of footsteps to work with, the system can determine someones sex and, with reasonable accuracy, a subjects age.这种垫子并不新鲜。他们是安全系统的一部分。但是，Ozanian和Scully使用了一个复杂的版本，它可以记录有人走过时在不同地方施加的压力。这些测量形成了步行者独有的模式。研究人员求助于一个人工智能系统来识别这种模式，但似乎奏效了。在2018年的一项研究中，他们在127人的足迹数据库上测试了该系统。他们发现识别谁是谁的错误率仅为0.7%。史高丽说，即使没有可供使用的足迹数据库，该系统也可以确定某人的性别，并以合理的准确度确定受试者的年龄。One application of the mat-based gait-recognition system might be in health care, particularly for the elderly. A mat placed in a nursing home or an old persons own residence could monitor changes in an individuals gait that indicates certain illnesses. That would provide early warning of someone being at greater risk of falling over.基于垫子的步态识别系统的一个应用可能是医疗保健，特别是老年人。放在疗养院或老人家中的垫子可以监测个人步态的变化，这表明有某种疾病。这将提供早期预警，提醒有人有更大的摔倒风险。Gait analysis might also be used as a security measure in the workplace, monitoring access to restricted areas, such as parts of military bases, server farms or laboratories dealing with dangerous materials.步态分析也可以用作工作场所的安全措施，监测进入限制区域的情况，如军事基地、服务器场或处理危险材料的实验室的部分区域。Perhaps the most interesting use of the mats, though, would be in public places, such as airports. For that to work, the footsteps of those to be recognized would need to have been stored in a database, which would be harder to arrange than the collection of photographs and fingerprints that existing airport security systems rely on. Many aircrew or preregistered frequent flyers would welcome anything that speeded up one of the most tiresome parts of modern travel.不过，垫子最有趣的用途可能是在公共场所，如机场。要实现这一目标，需要将需要识别的人的足迹存储在数据库中，这比现有机场安全系统所依赖的照片和指纹的收集更难安排。许多机组人员或预先登记的飞行常客会欢迎任何加速现代旅行最令人厌烦的部分之一的东西。38. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2?A. Research equipment. B. Research findings.C. Research assumption. D. Research background.39. According to Paragraph 3, the mat is used to _.A. collect data B. ensure safetyC. determine age D. analyse pressure40. The gait-recognition system might be applied to _.A. monitor security work progress B. detect potential health problemsC. keep track of travelling frequency D. warn passengers of possible dangers41. The main purpose of the passage is to _.A. compare and educate B. examine and assessC. discuss and persuade D. explain and informDOvertourism: A growing global problemThe summer holidays are in full swingand protests against overtourism have begun in a number of popular European cities. Barcelona, in particular, is at the centre of these mounting concerns about the rapid growth of tourism in cities, especially during peak holiday periods. In fact, there were 30 million overnight visitors in 2017, compared to a resident population of 1,625,137 in Barcelona.暑假正如火如荼地进行，一些欧洲著名城市开始抗议过度旅游。尤其是巴塞罗那，对于城市旅游业的快速增长，尤其是在节假日期间，越来越引起人们的关注。事实上，2017年有3000万过夜游客，而巴塞罗那的常住人口为1625137人。While many tourists want to “live like a local” during their visits, the residents of many tourism-dependent destinations are seeing the unique sense of place that characterised their home towns vanish beneath a wave of souvenir shops, crowds, tour buses and noisy bars. Overtourism is harming the landscape, damaging beaches, and pricing residents out of the housing market. It is a hugely complex issue that is often oversimplified.虽然许多游客在游览期间都想“像当地人一样生活”，但许多依赖旅游业的目的地的居民却看到了他们家乡特有的地方感消失在纪念品商店、人群、旅游巴士和嘈杂的酒吧下面。密苏里主义正在破坏风景，破坏海滩，并使居民远离住房市场。这是一个非常复杂的问题，常常过于简单化。It can have an impact in multiple ways. The international cruise(游轮) industry, for example, delivers thousands of passengers daily to destination ports. While comparatively little is returned to communities, cruise activity creates physical and visual pollution.它可以以多种方式产生影响。例如，国际邮轮行业每天向目的港运送数千名乘客。虽然相对而言，很少有人返回社区，但邮轮活动会造成物理和视觉污染。City residents also bear the cost of tourism growth. As cities transform to offer service to tourists, the global travel supply chain advances. This goes with increasing property speculation(房产投机) and rising costs of living for local communities. Airbnb, for example, has been accused of reducing housing affordability and displacing residents.城市居民也要承担旅游业增长的成本。随着城市向游客提供服务的转变，全球旅游供应链不断发展。这与越来越多的房地产投机（房地产投资）和当地社区的生活成本不断上升有关。例如，Airbnb被指控降低住房负担能力并取代居民。In addition, overcrowding and the establishment of typical tourism-focused businesses, such as clubs, bars and souvenir shops, overpower local businessesand noisy and unmanageable tourist behaviour is common. This weakens the uniqueness of destinations and leads to crowd and waste management pressures.此外，过度拥挤和建立典型的以旅游业为中心的企业，如俱乐部、酒吧和纪念品商店、过度控制当地企业和嘈杂和难以管理的旅游行为是常见的。这削弱了目的地的独特性，并导致人群和废物管理压力。Clearly, tourism brings jobs, investment and economic benefits to destinations. But overtourism occurs when tourism expansion fails to acknowledge that there are limits. Local government and planning authorities have so far been powerless to deal with the irresistible influence of the global tourism supply chain. This has led to widespread “tourist-phobia”first described by Manuel Delgado more than a decade ago as a mixture of rejection, mistrust and disrespect for tourists.显然，旅游业为旅游目的地带来了就业、投资和经济效益。但是，当旅游业的扩张没有意识到有限制时，就出现了过度旅游。迄今为止，地方政府和规划部门无力应对全球旅游供应链的不可抗拒影响。这导致了广泛的“旅游恐惧症”曼努埃尔德尔加多十多年前首次将其描述为拒绝、不信任和对游客的不尊重的混合体。Dealing with overtourism must now be a priority. Managing the flow of tourists seems an improbable and unwelcome task. But some cities have taken extreme measures to limit the effects of overtourism, including the introduction of new or revised taxation arrangements, fines linked to new local laws, and “demarketing”, whereby destinations focus on attracting fewer, high-spending and low impact tourists, rather than large groups.现在必须优先处理过度旅游。管理游客的流动似乎是一项不可能和不受欢迎的任务。但一些城市采取了极端措施来限制过度旅游的影响，包括引入新的或修订的税收安排、与新的地方法律相关的罚款以及“去市场化”，目的地集中在吸引较少、高消费和低影响的游客，而不是吸引大群体。Overtourism is a shared responsibility. City administrators and destination managers must acknowledge that