小学名词讲解及练习.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除名词一. 名词的意义和种类1.名词意义: 表示人、事物或抽象概念的词。如：Shanghai, Lilei, desk2.名词的种类：A.专有名词:表示人名、月份、日期、地名等。如：Jim, June, China, Harbin.注意：(1)第一个字母要大写；(2)专有名词前不加冠词，也没有复数。B.普通名词:表示某人或者某事物的名称。(1)个体名词：表单个的人或者事物。如：boy, teacher, apple(2)集体名词：表一群人或一些事物的总称。如：family, people, police, class(3)物质名词：表无法分为个体的物质。如：water, money, sea(4)抽象名词：表抽象概念的词。如：health, friendship二. 名词的数A.可数名词（个体名词和集体名词）：有单复数之分情况构成读音例词一般的词s 浊辅音z清辅音s day-days desk-desks以s, sh, ch, x结尾esizmatch-matches boss-bosses以辅音y结尾改y为ieszbaby-babies fly-flies以f/fe结尾改f为veszwife-wives leaf-leaves以辅音o结尾eszpotato-potatoes hero-heroes但photo-photos以元音o结尾szradio-radios zoo-zoos1.规则变化2.不规则变化a.常见的有：man-men, foot-feet, mouse-mice, child-children, woman-women, tooth-teethb. 单复数同型: deer fish sheep Chinese Japanesec. 有些名词通常只有复数形式，谓语动词也用复数，这些名词有：glasses, clothes, trousersd. 表示“某国人”的名词单复数变化如下：(中日友好永不变) a Chinese-two Chinese; a Japanese- four Japanese(英法联盟a变e) an English- eight Englishmen; an Frenchman-nine Frenchmen(其他后面加s) a German-five GermansB.不可数名词（物质名词和抽象名词）一般用单数形式。三.复合名词的复数变化规则man和woman都要变，girl和boy却不变四.名词的格A. 有生命的名词所有格：1、名词s 例：汤姆的姐姐Toms sister；孩子们的书包 childrens schoolbags2、以s结尾 例：教师办公室teachers office3、s 属格常表示有生命的东西，但也可表示无生命的东西如：表示时间 a days journey 一天的旅程：自然现象 the moons rays 月光：表国家，城市等实体 the citys parks 城市的公园：表工作群时候 the ships crew 船上的工作人员：表示度量衡及价值 a miles distance 一英里的距离：表示拟人化 deaths door 死亡之门：固定用法 a stones throw 一箭之遥B. 无生命的名词所有格：一般用of短语构成词组。如：用于无生命的东西 the subject of the sentence 句子的主语 ：用于名词化的词 the livelihood of the poor 穷人的生计：修饰语比较多的时候the very long and graceful tail of the old black cat老黑猫又长又美的尾巴C. 省略s后的名词时，常代指“家、工作场所”，例：在诊所at the doctors, 在外婆家at my grandmothersD. 共有的格，后面名词s：Joan和Jane的房间（共一间）Joan and Janes roomE.各有的格，每个名词s：Joan和Jane的房间（每人一间）Joans and Janes roomsF. 双重所有格，a.在所属名词前有a/an, one, some, any, a few, this, my等冠词、代词、数词时，常要用s或名词性物主代词与“of词组+所有格”。例如：例：我姐姐的一个朋友 a friend of my sisters=one of my sisters friends.b. of 后面的名词必须是指人的名词。例： a picture of my uncle 叔叔本人的照片a picture of my uncles我叔叔的一张照片（我叔叔所有照片中的一张，但不一定是他本人的照片）如：表示部分a picture of Lis 李的一张照片：表示感情色彩 the big nose of Davids 戴维的那个大鼻子：双重格与of 属格的不同He is a friend of your husbands .他是你丈夫的一个朋友。（强调你丈夫不止一个朋友）He is a friend of your husband. 他是你丈夫的朋友。（强调他对你丈夫的友好）五.名词作主语时谓语动词数的变化一般情况下名词为单数，谓语动词则用单数；名词为复数，谓语动词则用复数看下面的特殊情况：A. family, team, police, crowd, class等集体名词，1.指一些人时，接谓语动词的复数形式：His family are having dinner.2.作整体意义看待时，接谓语动词的单数形式: His family is a happy one.B. 度量、距离、金额或时间等名词作主语时，接谓语动词的单数形式: Two days rest is not enough.C. 用and连接两个以上的单数名词时，谓语动词要用复数。如and连接的两个名词是指明同一个概念时谓语动词则用单数。（1）The brother and sister are both students.（2）The doctor and writer is going to give a speech.D. 在there be, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also句型中，谓语动词采取就近原则。例：Either you or he is going to buy the book.【练习】 1给出下列名词的复数形式。 1）piece shoe orange lake 2）bus fox glass wish 3）body city enemy baby 4）boy key holiday way 5）life leaf thief wife 6）zoo piano radio photo 7）tomato hero 8）tooth foot goose 9）man woman fisherman policeman 10）German Chinese Japanese child roof chief sheep 11）man doctor woman driver 小六专题复习之名词 ( )1. These_ speak very good_.A、Germany, EnglishB、Germens, EnglandC、Germans, EnglishD、Germen, English( )2. We can see_ and _in the Zoo.A、hippos, kangaroosB、hippoes, kangaroosC、hippos, kangaroosD、hippoes, kangaroos( )3. Help yourself to some _.A、chickens and applesB、chicken and applesC、chickens and appleD、chicken and apple( )4. Some of them are_.A、woman doctorsB、woman doctorC、women doctorsD、women doctor( )5. Joan is_sister.A、Mary and JackB、Marys and JacksC、Marys and JackD、Mary and Jacks( )6._that pair of new_ Marys?A、Is, shoeB、Are, shoeC、Is, shoesD、Are, shoes( )7. March 8 is_ Day.A、WomansB、WomansC、Woman ofD、Womens ( )9. What would you like to drink, girls?useless adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的_ , please.A、Two cup of coffeeB、Two cups of coffeesdespite prep. 尽管；不管C、Two cups of coffeeD、Two cup of coffees( )10. There is _in the bottle.A、no any milkB、not a milkC、not any milkD、no milks( )11. Twelve _were hurt, but no_ were lost in that accident.spit vt. (spat, spit; spat, spit) 吐出（唾液、A、person, lifeB、people, livesC、peoples, livesD、persons, life( )12. Look, these_ eating grass on the hill.A、sheep is B、sheeps isC、sheep areD、sheeps aredress up 盛装；打扮；装饰( )13. My father told me _just now.politics n. 政治（学）A、two piece of newsB、two pieces of new C、two newsD、two pieces of newses( )14._turn green in spring.remind of 使想起A、LeafB、LeavesC、LeaveD、Leafsdinosaur n. 恐龙( )15. He bought two_ for our computers.per prep. 每；每一A、mouseB、miceC、mousesD、micesin the meantime 在此期间；与此同时 ( )16. They come from different _obesity n. （过度）肥胖；A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys ( )17. There are some _ in these _. A. knifespencil-boxes B. knivespencils-box C. knivespencil-box D .knivespencils-boxes( )18. _ like _ by air. A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling ( )19 There is no _ in the plate.A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs ( )20 are usually careful in doing exercises. A、Girl studentsB、Girls studentsC、Girls studentsD、Girls students( )21.Theyare_ A、mandoctorB、mendoctorsC、mendoctorD、mandoctors ( )22Thosewhitesocks_small. A、areB、isC、amD、do ( )23Howmany_dotheyhave? A、pictureB、picturesC、apicture ( )24TomandJimare_. A、friendsB、friendC、brotherD、sister ( )25 This is room. A、Tom and MarysB、Toms and Marys C、Toms and MaryD、 Tom and Mary( )26We had a good time during our holiday. A、two-weeksB、two weeks C、two-weeks D、two weeks ( )27I can see some on the hill. A、sheeps and deers B、sheep and deer C、sheeps and