Next-Generation-Science-Standards-科学教学大纲-Grades-k-2年级.docx

。1. Life l AnimalsThe unit Animals helps students discover what makes animals similar and what makes them different. Understanding the diversity among animals helps students appreciate and enjoy the uniqueness of all creatures. Topics include habitat, diet, body parts, movement, special abilities, and more.Students need to think about how they treat animals and how are they fit into the animal kingdom.l Living/Non-LivingThis unit helps students explore the important differences between the two. It also addresses topics such as: Non-living components of living things, nurse logs, sea stars, babies and parents, and cells.l PlantsThis unit helps students explore what plants require for survival, how plants grow, plant parts and their functions, how people and other animals use plants, special types of plants, where different kinds of plants can be found, and other plant-related topics. Students may gain an appreciation for the amazing diversity of plant life on Earth and the extensive roles that plants play in their lives.l Senses This unit helps students explore how and why humans use their five senses. It addresses the body parts used for each sense, as well as how these senses communicate with the brain to make meaning of the incoming information. The unit also addresses how each sense keeps us safe. It is important for students to appreciate and protect their senses so they can learn from the world around them and have a lifetime full of rich experiences.2. Earth & Spacel Earth, Moon, and SunThis unit helps students understand that Earth rotates on its axis, Earth revolves around the Sun, and the Moon revolves around Earth.Humans have an ever-growing understanding of how the Earth, Moon, and Sun move and interact. This understanding helps students make sense of what they see in the sky, both by day and by night.An understanding of our nearby space neighborhood can also inspire future exploration deeper into space, which may someday even include the discovery of life on distant planets.l WeatherThis unit helps students explore weathers many different aspects, including temperature, wind, clouds, precipitation, and storms. Certain unit materials address what causes the weather to occur. The unit also draws connections between the seasons and their weather patterns.This unit provides opportunities for students to learn more about natural weather phenomena they observe in their everyday lives. Understanding the weather can also prepare us to take precautions that will keep us safe in the event of severe weather.l Earths surface This unit helps students explore the land and water that make up Earths surface. Earths surface is shaped into various landforms by gravity, wind, water, and the movements of Earths crust. Earths surface provides everything needed for life to thrive, including shelter, food, and water. Understanding Earths surface will help students appreciate the uniqueness of our planet and may encourage them to take action to protect it.3. Physicall Doing work This unit helps students explore the concepts of work and force. Students will learn that the amount of work required to perform a task depends on the amount of force needed to move it, as well as the distance an object will be moved.l Energy This unit helps students understand what energy is. Unit materials focus primarily on five important types of energy: light, sound, motion, heat, and electrical. Each energy type is defined and supported with everyday examples. Its important to understand where energy comes from, how it behaves, and why it is valuable to us. By becoming familiar with different types of energy, students can better appreciate having the energy sources they rely upon in daily lives.l Light This unit helps students explore the properties of light: where it comes from, how it moves, and how it interacts with objects.Understanding the physical properties of light helps us anticipate how light will behave as we use it and interact with it. Light also adds to the beauty and complexity of the world around us.l PropertiesThis unit explains how shape, color, texture, weight, state of matter, and other properties can be used to identify, describe, and compare matter. The unit also explains that we choose to make things out of materials that have the properties we need or want.Identifying properties of objects helps us make decisions and communicate with precision. Practicing careful observation will prepare students to become successful scientists and citizens. It may also allow them to appreciate the special qualities of the things around them that they might normally take for granted.l Magnets In this unit, students will learn that magnets behave in predictable ways, making them reliable and valuable tools.l Things move This unit explains these forces, and it describes the movement of objects, including how forces can move things, stop them, and change their speed and direction. Knowing how and why things move allows us to work, play, get around, and complete everyday tasks. 4. Processl Tools1. ThermometersThermometers are tools used for measuring temperature. By using the resources below, students will learn about this important science tool and practice using it in meaningful ways. 2. Balance Scales Thermometers are tools used for measuring temperature. By using the resources below, students will learn about this important science tool and practice using it in meaningful ways.3. Length MeasurementMany scientific investigations and experiments require accurate length measurement. By using the resources below, students will learn about tools used for measuring length, including rulers, meter sticks/yardsticks, and measuring tapes. Students will also practice using these important science tools. Resources provide instruction in both metric and U.S. customary units.4. Hand Lenses Hand lenses are tools that assist in scientific observation. By using the resources below, students will learn about hand lenses and practice using this important science tool. l Skills1. Hypotheses Hypotheses are statements that predict an outcome and provide a potential explanation for an experiment, based on prior knowledge. By using the resources below, students will learn about this important science skill and practice making good hypotheses. 2. Data Sheets Collecting data is a crucial part of of any scientific endeavor. This mini-lesson will show students how to collect and organize their data using a data sheet. 3. Using Diagrams In science, using diagrams is an important way to present information. By using the resources listed below, students will learn about different types of diagrams. They will also have opportunities to practice reading and creating diagrams.4. Draw ConclusionsIn science, an investigation is not complete without drawing a conclusion. By using the resources listed below, students will learn about several important parts of a good conclusion. They will also have opportunities to practice writing and judging conclusions for sample science experiments.5. Observation vs. InferenceIn scientific study, both observations and inferences are important. By using the resources listed below, students will learn about the difference between observations and in