微观经济名词解释(英文版).doc

精品P 23 The opportunity cost of any choice is what we must forego when we make that choice.P29 生产可能性边界Production possibilities frontier is giving the different combinations of goods that can be produced with the resources and technology currently available.P30 According to 机会成本递增规律the law of increasing opportunity cost, the most of something we produce, the greater the opportunity cost of producing even more of it.P57 In 非完全竞争市场imperfectly competitive markets, individual buyers or sellers can influence the price of the product.P58 In完全竞争市场perfectly competitive markets, each individual buyers or sellers takes the market price as a given.P62 A change in the price of good cause a movement along the demand curve. P75 The equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity are values for price and quantity in the market that, once achieved, will remain constant- unless and until the supply curve or the demand curve shifts.P85 A consumers budget constraint 预算约束identifies which combinations of goods and services the consumer can afford with a limited budget, at given prices.P108 marginal utility边际效用 is the change in utility an individual enjoys from consuming an additional unit of a good.P130 an indifference curve无差异曲线 represents all combinations of two goods that make the consumer equally well off.P145 the law of diminishing marginal returns边际收益递减规律 states that as we continue to add more of any one input, its marginal product will eventually decline.P217 in the long run , every competitive firm will earn normal profit 正常利润that is ,zero economic profit.P232 a monopoly firm is the only seller of a good or service with no close substitutes. The market in which the monopoly firm operates is called a monopoly market.垄断市场P260 another form of tacit collusion is price leadership, in which one firm, the price leader, sets its price, and other sellers copy that price.P275 price discrimination 价格歧视occurs when a firm charges different prices to different customers for reasons other than different in cost.P253 an oligopoly寡头 is a market dominated by a small number of strategically interdependent firms.P160规模经济economic of scale-total cost rise proportionately P117 The income effect -a price change arises from a change from purchasing.P 23 The opportunity cost of any choice is what we must forego when we make that choice.P29 生产可能性边界Production possibilities frontier is giving the different combinations of goods that can be produced with the resources and technology currently available.P30 According to 机会成本递增规律the law of increasing opportunity cost, the most of something we produce, the greater the opportunity cost of producing even more of it.P57 In 非完全竞争市场imperfectly competitive markets, individual buyers or sellers can influence the price of the product.P58 In完全竞争市场perfectly competitive markets, each individual buyers or sellers takes the market price as a given.P62 A change in the price of good cause a movement along the demand curve. P75 The equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity are values for price and quantity in the market that, once achieved, will remain constant- unless and until the supply curve or the demand curve shifts.P85 A consumers budget constraint 预算约束identifies which combinations of goods and services the consumer can afford with a limited budget, at given prices.P108 marginal utility边际效用 is the change in utility an individual enjoys from consuming an additional unit of a good.P130 an indifference curve无差异曲线 represents all combinations of two goods that make the consumer equally well off.P145 the law of diminishing marginal returns边际收益递减规律 states that as we continue to add more of any one input, its marginal product will eventually decline.P217 in the long run , every competitive firm will earn normal profit 正常利润that is ,zero economic profit.P232 a monopoly firm is the only seller of a good or service with no close substitutes. The market in which the monopoly firm operates is called a monopoly market.垄断市场P260 another form of tacit collusion is price leadership, in which one firm, the price leader, sets its price, and other sellers copy that price.P275 price discrimination 价格歧视occurs when a firm charges different prices to different customers for reasons other than different in cost.P253 an oligopoly寡头 is a marke