人教版英语高一Book4_Unit_1_主谓一致_grammar.ppt

Grammar Subject VerbConcord主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致 Bob Bob aworker is Mike MikeandBob workers are BothMikeandBob workers are NeitherMikenorBob ateacher is Bill Allofthem workers are 主谓一致有三大原则 语法一致原则 就近原则 意义一致原则 语法一致原则之一 主语为复数 谓语动词为复数 1 主语由and或both and 连接的两个并列成分充当 表示两个概念 MybrotherandIhavebothseenthefilm BothriceandwheataregrowninthispartofChina 语法一致原则之二 主语为单数 谓语动词为单数 单数名词 抽象名词 物质名词做主语 1 Hissparetimewasallspentinplayingcomputergames 2 Thewaterisdirty 1 由and连接的并列成分指同一个人或物 同一概念或配套事物 Thesingeranddancerisexpectedtovisitourschooltomorrow 试比较 Thesingerandthedancerareexpectedtovisitourschooltomorrow 意义一致原则 主语形式即使单数 但意义是复数 谓语动词为复数 主语形式即使是复数 但意义是单数 谓语动词为单数 谓语动词用单数的情况 是否and连接的主语 谓语都用复数 is are 1 Bothbreadandsugar soldout 2 Theworkerandthewriter fromBeijing 3 Theworkerandwriter fromWuhan 由and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念 兼具身份或匹配出现 谓语用单数 由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念 谓语用复数 are are is 2 主语或由and连接的两个并列名词作主语 由each every manya morethanone或no修饰时 谓语要用单数 MorethanonestudentinthisclasshaseverbeentoU K Eachdoctorand eachnurse Everydoctorand every nursewasgivenanewshirt Nosoundandnovoiceisheard Manyaboyand manya girlhasmadethesamemistake ExerciseandRules 1 Manyaboy madesuchafunnyexperiment A haveB areC hasD is2 Everymeans beentriedsincethen A hasB wereC wasD hasbeen3 Eachactorand each actress invitedtoourschool is are 4 Everyboyand every girl gotatoytrain has have 5 Noteacherandnostudent tohaveclassesonSunday agree agrees C A is has agrees 3 one everyone each either thenumberof 复数名词 作主语 谓语动词用单数 Thenumberofpeopleinvitedwasfifty butmanywereabsent Everyoneofusislookingforwardtothecomingholiday 4 不定式todo 动词 ing和主语从句作主语 谓语动词一般用单数 TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy Seeingisbelieving Whathesaidhasbeenrecorded 5 表示时间 距离 金钱 重量等的复数名词作主语表示一个整体概念 Onethousanddollarsistooexpensiveforthebag Sixtyyearsisalongtime Threethousandmilesisalongdistance 如果强调数目 谓语动词用复数 Morethanfiftyyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried 他们夫妻已共同走过了50年 由any some no 和 one thing body以及noone theother等构成的不定代词作主语 Somebodyhaslosthiscarkeys Isanyonegoingtotellhimthenews Thereisnobodyinthehouse Everyoneisreadynow Someonewantstoseeyou 以 s结尾 表示学科 国家 机构 书籍 报刊等名称的 形复义单 的名词作主语 如news physics maths politics theUnitedStates theUnitedNations TheThousandandOneNights等 1 Physicsiscloselyrelatedtomathematics 2 GreatExpectationswaswrittenbyCharlesDickensin1860 ExerciseandRules 1 ReadingEnglishpapersandmagazines helpfultoourstudyofEnglish is are 2 Whetherhecomesornot ofnomatter is are 3 Tosay onething todo another is are 4 Listening speaking readingandwriting fourskillsforEnglishstudy is are 5 Wheretofindtheplantandwhattodowithit stilltheproblemstosettle is are is is is is are are 2 people 人民 police cattle 牛群 等集体名词作主语 Thepolicehavecaughtthemurder the 形容词 分词 作主语表示一类人 谓语动词用复数 但若表示抽象事物 则用单数 Thewoundedweresenthome 类似短语有theold theyoung thepoor therich thedisabled theblind等 谓语动词用复数的情况 7 trousers scissors clothes goods 货物 glasses等名词作主语 若这些名词前面无表示 一条 一副 的单位词 谓语动词则为复数 否则由单位词的数决定 1 Myglasseshavebecomesteamedup 2 Mike strousersarebroken 谓语动词单复数视情况而定 1 集体名词class family army team club enemy party crowd crew 船员 audience public government majority group army等作主语 若强调整体 意义上为单数 谓语动词用单数形式 若强调整体中的个体 意义上为复数 谓语动词用复数形式 Myfamilyisalargeone ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV Thisgroupishavingameeting Thegrouparereadingthenewspapers 指组内成员 Thearmyisgoingtoremaininthistown Thearmyhaverescuedthetravellers 指部队中的官兵 2 有些名词 如means deer sheep Chinese Japanese fish series等 单复数同形 谓语动词的数由具体语境决定 Thequickestmeans 最快的方法 oftravelisbyplane Allmeans 所有方法 havebetried buttheystillcannotsolvetheproblem Chinese 中文 ismyfavoritesubject TheChinese 中国人 arefamousfortheirhardwork 3 由 akind sort type seriesof或者thiskind sort typeof 名词 作主语 谓语动词用单数 somekinds sorts types seriesof作主语谓语动词 用复数 eg Thiskindofapplestastesverysweet Somekindsofanimalsaredyingout 4 代词none some all neither等作主语 谓语动词的数根据其代指的内容决定 5 therestof halfof majorityof alotof lotsof plentyof percentof以及分数词等作主语时 谓语动词的数取决于后面名词的数 复数名词用复数 单数名词和不可数名词用单数 70 ofthestudentsinourclassareboys Exercise 1 70percentofthesurface coveredwithwater is are 2 70percentofthefarmers improvedtheirlivingconditions have has 3 Therestofhisjourney pleasant was were 4 Therestofthegirls fondofmusic is are is have was are 谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致 WeChinese ahard workingpeople A isB areC isbeingD arebeing 此题应选B 这里应注意的是 我们通常说的是主谓一致 即谓语与主语保持一致 而不是表谓一致 即不是谓语与表语一致 本题意为 我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族 主谓一致有三大原则 就近原则 谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语 1 由or either or neither nor notonly butalso 等连接的两个并列主语 谓语动词常和最靠近它的主语单复数一致 Notonlyhisclassmatesbutalsohelikescomputergames EitheryouorJaneistobesenttoNewZealand Exercise 1 Eitherthegirlortheboy fromCanada is are 2 NeitheryounorI theanswer knows know 3 NotyoubutI wrong am are is 4 Youorhe totakepartinthecompetition is are is know am is 并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致 1 Youorhe toblame 你或他有一人要受责备 2 youorhetoblame 受责备的是你还是他 A is IsB are AreC is AreD are Is 答案 C 就近一致 2 在表示存在的therebe句型中 主语是两个或多个并列名词 短语 时 be的形式与之最靠近的名词 短语 一致 Thereisanapple twobananasandsomeorangesontheplate 3 由here there等引导的倒装句 主语为多个名词时 谓语动词的单复数符合就近一致原则 Herearesomeenvelopesandpaperforyou 注意 主语后面带有with alongwith togetherwith aswellas besides like but except including ratherthan inadditionto等引导的短语时 谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致 Nobodybuttwogirlswasinthereading room Theteacherwithtwostudentswasatthemeeting Thegirlaswellastheboyshaslearnedtodrivethecar Theteacherwithtwostudents atthemeeting was were 2 Awomanwithababyinherarms waitingforthebusintherain A wasB wereC hasD have3 E mail aswellasthetelephones animportantpartindailycommunication A isplayingB haveplayedC areplayingD play was A A Exercise Thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus Tom whoisyourfriend shouldhelpyou 3 定语从句的关系代词who which that在从句中作主语时 要与先行词的人称和数保持一致 注意 在 oneof 复数名词 定语从句 的结构中 定语从句中谓语动词用复数 在 theonlyoneof 复数名词 定语从句 的结构中 定语从句的谓语动词常用单数 Janeisoneofthestudentsinherclasswhoarepraisedbytheirteacher Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspresentedwiththeawardattheceremony Thankyou Neitherdog big A isB are Neitherofthem big A isB are A Neitheroftherabbits handsome A isB are A B Neitherrabbit handsome A isB are A A B 3 Neitherofus was were readywhenthepartybegan 4 Noneofthem has have watchedthetalkshow ha